A marine ulvalean species (Chlorophyta) was collected from the eastern coast of Korea. This species is morphologically characterized by a distromatic, dark to medium green and mostly irregularly orbicular or irregularly expanded thallus with entire or undulate margin without serrations. Vegetative cells are irregularly polygonal with distinctly rounded corners in shape, and have chloroplast completely covering the outer cell wall and one to two pyrenoids per cell. In a phylogenetic tree based on ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequences, this Korean alga nests in the same clade with Ulva sublittoralis, as a sister clade of U. californica, U. flexuosa and U. tanneri, which share the irregularly orbicular or expanded thallus normally without teeth cells. The genetic divergence between them is intraspecific within Ulva. Accordingly, it is identified as U. sublittoralis based on the morphological and molecular data. This is the first record of Ulva sublittoralis in the Korean marine algal flora.

소나무재선충의 매개충인 솔수염하늘소(Monochamus alternatus Hope)와 북방수염하늘소(Monochamus saltuarius Gebler) 암수 성충의 더듬이 감각기를 주사전자현미경로 관찰하여 형태적 특성과 분포를 조사하였다. 두 매개충의 암수 성충 더듬이는 자루마디(scape), 팔굽마디(pedicel)와 9개의 채찍마디(flagellum)으로 이루어져 있었다. 더듬이 표면에 있는 감각기의 종류에는 종 간, 암수 간에 차이가 나지 않았으며 Chaetica 3 종류, Trichodea 2 종류, Basiconica 3 종류, Coeloconica 1 종류로 구분되었다. 이 중 Basiconica 3 종류는 모두 후각 수용체, Trichodea는 미각 수용체, 나머지는 기계적 감각기로 추정되었다. 감각기의 더듬이 내 분포를 보면 전체적으로 Chaetica 감각기가 가장 많았다. Basiconica 감각기는 채찍마디에만 존재하였으며 끝으로 갈수록 수가 많아졌다. Trichodea 감각기와 Coeloconica 감각기는 각 마디별로 밀도가 일정하였다.

A marine algal species was collected from Sacheonjin, Gangneung located on the eastern coast of Korea during a survey of marine algal flora. This alga shares the generic features of Membranoptera belonging to the subfamily Delesserioideae and is characterized by the presence of combined features of membranous, monostromatic thalli attached by a solid discoid holdfast, blades with a conspicuous terete stipe-like midrib and microscopic lateral veins, entire margins, irregularly alternate to dichotomous branching, and obtuse apices growing apically. In a phylogenetic tree based on rbcL sequences, the Korean alga nests in the same clade with M. alata from the eastern North Atlantic. The genetic distance between both the sequences within the clade was calculated as 0.0%. Based on the morphological and molecular analyses, this Korean species is identified as the generic type, M. alata. This is the first record in the list of Korean marine algal flora.

During a survey of marine algal flora, a red algal species was collected from Giseong, Uljin located on the eastern coast of Korea. This species has the generic features of Cryptonemia belonging to Halymeniaceae, and is characterized by the presence of erect foliose thalli arising from a discoid holdfast, somewhat fan-shaped blade with an evanescent midrib at the base, narrow main axes with blade-like wings of slightly undulate margin, a perennial stalk, and entwined filamentous medulla with refractive stellate cells. In a phylogenetic tree based on rbcL sequence, the Korean alga nests in the same clade with C. lomation from France and C. seminervis from Spain. Genetic divergence among the sequences within the clade was not recognized thus suggesting that both the species are conspecific. The name C. lomation considered to be valid nomenclaturally is accepted for the entity. Based on the morphological and molecular analyses, the Korean alga is identified as C. lomation, originally described from Italy. This confirms the occurrence of C. lomation in Korea. The species appears to be distributed in the temperate region influenced more or less by the North Korea Cold Current.

Two siphonous green algae were collected from the eastern coast of Korea. These species share the typical features of Derbesia sporophytes, such as erect and prostrate siphonous filaments and the presence of basal septum in lateral branches. One is characterized by the combined features of a relatively small tufted sporophytic thalli arising from a rhizoidal base, subdichotomously branched filaments with a basal septum and one pyrenoid per subspherical to lenticular chloroplast. The other shows a larger sporophytic thallus, sparsely subdichotomously branched filaments with a basal septum and one pyrenoid per spherical chloroplast. In a phylogenetic tree based on rbcL sequence, the two above-mentioned Korean algae nest in the same clades as Derbesia minima and D. indica, respectively. The genetic distance between the sequences within the clades was 0.5- 0.8%, which is considered to be included in the intra-specific range for the genus. These two siphonous Korean algae are identified as D. minima and D. indica, respectively, based on the morphological and molecular analyses. These species are newly recorded in the Korean marine algal flora herein.

Korean oak wilt (KOW) caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae and its vector, Platypus koryoensis is one of the most severe forest pests in Korea. In spite of its importance, information about dispersal of P. koryeonsis is very limited. In here, a hypothesis related to long distance dispersal (LDD) of KOW reflecting behavior of P. koryoensis is proposed. When attack density of P. koryoensis increased, location of entry holes in the trunk moved to upward. The individuals which escaped from entry holes in upper trunk had potential to fly upper part of trees and they flew longer distance probably by aid of winds. We suggested that this density dependent dispersal of the beetle explain the spatial dynamics of KOW in large scale.

Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are insecticides that disrupt the normal development of target insects. Among the IGR insecticides, juvenile hormone (JH)-related IGRs are of particular interest because they stimulate or interfere with the formation of JH receptor complex. In the precious studies, novel JH-related IGRs with JH agonist (JHA) and antagonist (JHAN) activity were identified by using yeast two-hybrid system transformed with the Aedes aegypti JH receptor complex. In this study, the transcriptomic responses of Aedes albopictus were investigated upon JHA and JHAN, respectively. These results will provide important information about understanding of impact of JH-related IGRs in transcription level.

A marine algal species belonging to Gigartinales was collected from Geoje, Korea. This shares the generic features of Ahnfeltiopsis, such as multiaxial thalli with a compact and pseudoparenchymatous medulla, densely cytoplasmic secondary medullary cells around immersed cystocarps with a carpostome, and is distinct from similar species within the genus by a combined feature of small (up to 4 cm tall) and tuft thalli, compressed to subcompressed branches except for ultimate branchlets and base of main axes, cartilaginous in texture, dichotomous branches, rarely produced proliferations, absence of hypha-like filament in the medulla and internal cystocarps with a carpostome. In phylogenetic tree based on rbcL sequence, the Korean species nests in the same clade with Ahnfeltiopsis linearis. The genetic distance between both sequences within the clade was 1.5%, considered to be within the intra-species range for the genus. This morphological and molecular evidence confirms the Korean alga to be identified as A. linearis originally described from California. This is the first record of A. linearis in Korea.

Shading is a key element in the control of light intensity and is usually used during the summer when sunlight is at its most intense. Succulents are ornamental crops that have beextremely popular because of their leaf structure and other characteristics. A study was conducted to determine the effects of shading on the growth and development as well as the anthocyanin content of two Echeveria species: Echeveria agavoides and E. marcus. Three levels of shading were used, namely no shading/full light treatment, partially shaded conditions, and well-shaded conditions, which were achieved by placement inside controlled growing chambers for 4 weeks. The results revealed the bolting of growth in both height and diameter for both species when grown under shaded and partially shaded conditions, which were abnormal compared withthe typical development. CIELAB color results also showed thata* was significantly affected by shading levels, exhibiting a higher positive value for succulents under full light or no shading. These results were consistent with the anthocyanin analysis, where the highest contents were identifiedinthe species grown under full light. The image analysis also confirmed a higher percentage area based on the smart segmentation for red pigments compared withthat for green pigments.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of light intensity on the growth and development as well as the anthocyanin content of two Echeveria species, namely Echeveria agavoides and E. marcus. Three light intensity levels (high, 150 μmol･m-2s-1; intermediate, 75 μmol･m-2s-1; and low, 35 μmol･m-2s-1) served as the treatments, which were replicated four times. The results revealed that the tallest and largest plants were those under low light conditions. It was observed that there was a decline as the light intensity increased, which is attributed to the coping mechanisms of plants to search for light sources, which has a similar effect to bolting or an increase in the node-to-node distance. CIELAB color values of L* and a* for both species were significantly affected by the light intensity, indicating changes in the lightness of hue and green-to-red color pigmentation in plants. These results were strongly reflected in those of the anthocyanin content analysis, where a direct increase in the concentration was observed with increasing light intensity. The results of the anthocyanin analysis were also supported by the histogram, smart segmentation images, as well as the ratio of red and green pigments found in the images. Thus, a high light intensity should be used to increase the quality and provide conducive growing conditions for both succulent species.

A marine brown alga was collected from Geoje, located on the southern coast of Korea. This species shares the generic features of Dictyota and is morphologically characterized by the combined features of erect or prostrate thallus with smooth margin, dichotomous to subdichotomous branches not twisted at the terminal part, absence of surface proliferations, 1-3 cell layered cortex and unilayered medulla, and lack of involucrum in sporangia subtended by a single stalk cell. In a phylogenetic tree based on rbcL sequences, this species nests in the same clade with Dictyota bartayresiana. The genetic distance between both sequences within the clade was calculated as 1.2%, considered to be within the intra-species range for the genus. Based on these morphological and molecular analyses, this Korean alga is identified as D. bartayresiana described originally from the West Indies. This is the first record of D. bartayresiana in Korea.