One objective of soybean breeders is to develop cultivars with elevated oleic acid content. Testing soybean seeds for oleic acid content is possible using gas chromatography (GC), however it is time-consuming and requires destructing the seeds. Using single seeds, we developed a near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) calibration equation relating oleic acid measured with GC to oleic acid predicted by NIR. The slope of the regression line of oleic acid measured with GC on oleic acid predicted by NIR and the intercept was not different from zero. A set of 300 soybean seeds was used to calculate the NIR equation and an independent set of 100 soybean seeds was used for validation. This NIRS equation showed significant correlation between reference values and NIRS estimated values based on the SEP, r2, and the RSP of reference data to SEP. This research shows that NIR prediction of oleic acid using intact soybean seeds is accurate and rapid and should be especially useful for early generation screening.

Freshly harvested seed of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.; CMV) was strongly dormant because of hardseedness. Seeds of freshly harvested germinated only 8% while clipping the seed coat completely overcome the innate dormancy, which indicates inhibition of germination of the seed is mainly due to seed coat (87%). The dormant (intact) hard seeds did not imbibe water whereas the non-dormant (clipped) seeds took up rapidly. In natural environment condition, the hard seed coat dormancy was broken only after 5 months after seed harvest. To break such a strong seed coat dormancy, the chemical and heat treatments were effective. Concentrated sulfuric acid was more effective than dry heat and hot water treatments. Hot water treatment improved germination but the germination percentage was less than 41%. Treatments increased germination due to its effect on the seed coat integrity. A scanning electron microscope reveled that disruption of seed coat layers and subsequent development of numerous crack in the hilum region of the seed and on the seed coat surface of concentrated sulfuric acid treatment and formation of cracks in the dry heat treatments, respectively, were observed in the seed coat surface, which served as water entry points.

Samchunpo(Sin Hyang) Harbor is located in the bay of Sa Chun, the central south coast of Korean peninsula. The harbor and coastal boundaries have been protecting by natural coastal islands and shoals. Currently, The Sin Hyang harbor needs maintenance and renovation of the sheltered structures against the weather deterioration and typhoon damages. Consequently to support this, the calculation of accurate design wave through the typhoon wave attack is necessary. In this study, calculation of incident wave condition is simulated using steady state spectrum energy wave model(wide area wave model) from 50 years return wave condition. And this simulation results in wide offshore area were used for the input of the extended mild slope wave model at the narrow coastal area. Finally, the calculation of design wave at Sin Hyang harbor entrance was induced by Boussinesq wave model(detail area wave model) simulation. The numerical model system was able to simulate wave transformations from generation scale to shoreline or harbor impact. We hope these results will be helpful to the engineers doing placement, design, orientation, and evaluation of a wide range of potential solutions in this area.

“Younbaek”, a new noodle making wheat cultivar, was developed from the cross between “Keumkang” with white grain color and “Tapdongmil” by the Honam Agricultural Research Institute(HARI), National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Korea in 2005. Amon

Five coumarins, psoralen (1), scopoletin (2), isoimperatorin (4), (+)-marmesin (5) and xanthotoxin (6), three chromones, cimifugin (3), hamaudol (7) and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol (10), one sterol, daucosterol (8) and one aliphatic alcohol, galactitol (9) were isolated from the root of Peucedanum japonicum. Their chemical structures were identified by the physicochemical and spectroscopic data by comparing literature values. Among them, compounds 9 and 10 were isolated for the first time from this plant. The anti-inflammatory effects of isolated compounds were examined on cyclooxygenase (COX), compounds 1, 2 and 7 showed inhibitory activity on COX-1 with IC50 values of 0.88, 0.27 and 0.30 mM, respectively. In the test for COX-2 activity, only compound 7 showed significant inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 0.57 mM. The other compounds exhibited weak inhibitory or no inhibitory activity.

The soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Inchinoe; SCN) is a devastating pest of soybean and is responsible for significant losses in yield. The use of resistant cultivars is the effective method to reduce or eliminate SCN damage. The objective of this research is to identify AFLP markers linked to the SCN resistant genes. Bulked genomic DNA was made from resistant and susceptible genotypes to SCN and a total of 19 primer combinations were used. About 31 fragments were detected per primer combination. The banding patterns were readily distinguished in resistant and susceptible bulked genotypes. Polymorphic fragments were detected between resistant and susceptible bulked genotypes in the primer combination of CGT/GGC, CAG/GTG and CTC/GAG. In primer combinations of CGT/GGC and CAG/GTG, bulked resistant genotype produced a polymorphic bands. However, in primer of CTC/GAG, bulked susceptible genotype produced a polymorphic fragments. Three AFLP markers identified as a polymorphic fragments between bulked genomic DNA were mapped in 85 F2 population. Among them, only two markers, CGT/GGC and CTC/GAG, was linked and was mapped. Broad application of AFLP marker would be possible for improving resistant cultivars to SCN.