This study focused on the genomic analysis of Anopheles kleini and Anopheles pullus, both vectors of vivax malaria within the Anopheles Hyrcanus group. Using Illumina NovaSeq600 and Oxford Nanopore platforms, we identified 126 and 116 contigs, along with 40,420 and 32,749 genes from An. kleini and An. pullus, respectively. The assembled genome sizes were 282 Mb for An. kleini and 247 Mb for An. pullus, which are within a similar range to the sizes previously estimated by digital PCR (249 Mb and 226 Mb). We are currently also estimating the genome sizes of other Anopheles spp. and manually curating key genes determining vectorial capacity.

Heavy water (deuterium oxide, D2O) is water in which hydrogen atoms (1H, H), one of the constituent elements of water molecules, have been replaced with deuterium (2H, D), a heavier isotope. Heavy water is used in a variety of industries, including semiconductors, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, neutron deceleration, neutrino detection, metabolic rate studies, neutron capture therapy, and the production of radioactive materials such as plutonium and tritium. In particular, heavy water is used as a neutron moderator or coolant in nuclear reactors and as a fuel for nuclear fusion energy, methods for measuring heavy water are becoming increasingly important. There are methods with density, mass spectrometry, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. In this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used, which is commonly used in IR spectroscopy because of its relatively high analytical sensitivity, low operating costs, and easy online analysis. Heavy water was identified in the range of 2,300-2,600 cm-1 wavenumber (O-D) and the range of 1,200-1,300 cm-1 wavenumber (D-O-D), which are known to be the range with strong infrared absorption. As a result, the linearity of infrared absorbance for each heavy water concentration was confirmed within the relative expansion uncertainty (k=2).

양돈산업은 돼지고기 내 웅취발생 예방을 위한 방법으 로 수컷 자돈에게 물리적 거세를 관행적으로 실시해왔다. 그러나 동물복지에 대한 관심이 고조됨에 따라 일부 국가 들에서는 고통 최소화 물리적 거세법 권장 또는 대체 방 법에 대해 연구를 수행하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비거세돈(EM; entire male pigs) 및 거세돈(CM; castrated male pigs)에서 이눌린의 급여가 지방조직 내 웅취물질 농도에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 시험동물 은 총 26두의 3원 교잡돈(EM, n=18; CM, n=8)을 사용하 였다. 시험 처리구는 3% 이눌린의 급여와 비급여를 설정 하여 총 4개 처리구(EM0, EM3, CM0 및 CM3)로 구성하 였다. 웅취분석을 위해 지방조직은 등지방, 목지방 및 삼 겹지방을 수집하였다. 등지방 내 인돌 농도는 EM0에 비 해 CM3에서 감소하였고(p<0.05) 목지방 및 삼겹지방에서 는 처리구간 차이가 없었다. 지방조직 내 평균 인돌 농도 는 EM0에 비해 EM3, CM0 및 CM3에서 감소하였다 (p<0.05). 등지방 내 스카톨 농도는 CM0, CM3에서 EM0 보다 감소하였다(p<0.05). 또한, 목지방 내 스카톨 농도 및 지방조직 내 평균 스카톨 농도는 CM3에서 EM0과 EM3 보다 감소가 확인되었다(p<0.05). 그러나 안드로스테논 농 도는 분석된 지방조직들 모두에서 처리구간 통계적인 차 이가 없다. 이러한 결과들은 이눌린 급여에 의해 비거세 돈의 지방 내 웅취물질 저감에 부분적인 효과를 나타냈 을 뿐만 아니라 거세돈에서도 웅취물질 감소에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤음을 시사한다. 따라서, 본 연구결과는 물리적 인 거세가 전면 금지된다면 동물복지형 사양관리 기술개 발의 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Interest in the use of semiconductor-based photocatalyst materials for the degradation of organic pollutants in a liquid phase has grown, due to their excellent performance and response to the light source. Herein, we fabricated a NiO-SiCTiO2 ternary structured photocatalyst which had reduced bandgap energy, with strong activation under UV-light irradiation. The synthesized samples were examined using XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, DRS, EIS techniques and photocurrent measurement. The results confirmed that the two types of metal oxides were well bonded to the SiC fiber surface. The junction of the new photocatalyst exhibited a large number of photoexcited electrons and holes. The holes tended to oxidize the water and form a hydroxyl radical, which promoted the decomposition of methylene blue. The close contact between the 2D SiC fiber and metal oxide semiconductors expanded the scope of absorption wavelength, and enhanced the usability of the ternary photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue. Among three synthesized samples, the NiO-SiC-TiO2 showed the best photocatalytic effect, and was considered to have excellent photoelectron transfer due to the synergy effect between the metal oxide and SiC.

The optimal determination of seeding rate is critical to minimizing uncertainties about the large variations observed in forage quality and productivity when alfalfa is cultivated under different geographical areas and growing conditions. The objective of this investigation was to provide information about the proper seeding rate according to harvest timing for alfalfa cultivation in the Northern regions of Korea. Alfalfa was sown in September 2018 at a seeding rate of 20, 30 or 40 kg/ha and harvested four times in 2019: May 3, July 2, September 11, and October 13. Regardless of seeding rate, alfalfa plant height was longest at the third harvest (113 cm) and the shortest in the last annual harvest (43.8 cm). However, seeding rate had no effect on alfalfa plant height at any harvest. Forage relative feed value was increased in the first cutting but decreased in the third cuttings as seeding rate increased. However, seeding rate had slight effect on alfalfa forage quality components at the second and fourth cuttings. Total annual DM and crude protein production (in 4 harvests) was greater at higher seeding rates. Plots seeded at a rate of 40 kg/ha produced on average 1,257 and 2,620 kg/ha more forage (DM basis) than those seeded at a rate of 30 or 20 kg/ha, respectively. Forage DM production at the first, second, third, and fourth harvests accounted for 36.1, 24.0, 27.1, and 12.8 % of total annual DM production, respectively. Overall, small differences were seen when alfalfa seeding rate was different but maximum forage DM production (in four harvests) was detected when seeding rate was 40 kg/ha. These data could be useful to the alfalfa growers by allowing them to make more accurate trade-offs between seed price and the expected magnitude of forage yield gains in order to select the best seeding rate.

Cutting management has been identified as a critical factor in the alfalfa production systems because it has a significant impact on maximizing yield and maintaining the forage quality. The objective of this experiment was to determine the proper cutting height according to harvesting time for optimizing nutrient yield and forage nutritive quality of alfalfa grown in alpine regions of Korea. Alfalfa was sown at a seeding rate of 30 kg/ha in August 2018 and harvested at four cuttings in 2019 (3 May, 2 July, 11 September, and 13 October). Cutting heights were adjusted at 5, 15, and 25 cm above the soil surface. Alfalfa plant was tallest at the third cutting (109 cm), which was on average 35 cm taller than the first or second cutting. Relative feed value (RFV) remained unaffected by cutting height at the first harvest, but increased consistently in subsequent harvests as cutting height increased. Alfalfa collected at the first and fourth cuttings had the highest RFV (mean 152), which was on average 8 and 67 units higher than the second and third harvests, respectively. At each harvest, in vitro dry matter digestibility was highest in alfalfa cut at a 25-cm height. Dry matter (DM) production at each cutting height was highest in the first cutting, accounting for on average 36-37% of total annual DM production, and lowest in the fourth harvest, accounting for about 11-13% of the total DM yield. The total dry matter production (in four harvests) was 4,218 kg/ha higher when alfalfa was subjected to a cutting height of 5 cm rather than 25 cm. Cutting height had no effect on total crude protein yield, but from the first to fourth cutting, the protein yield followed a decreasing trend. Finally, there were visible declines in forage nutritive quality when alfalfa was cut at a shorter height. However, the magnitude of difference in total forage yield may outweigh the slight decline in forage quality when alfalfa is cut at a lower height. The findings of this study could help the alfalfa growers make better harvest management decisions.