Tribe Banchini isa cosmopolitan tribe comprising 228 species within 11 genera whereas only three genera (Banchus, Exetastes and Rynchobanchus) have been recorded from Korea. The species of this tribe is koinobiont endoparacitoid that parasitize exposed large caterpillars, especially those pupating in the ground. For this reason, tribe Banchini has very short ovipositor when compared with that of other tribe. It is easily distinguished from two other tribes by the nervellus which is intercepted far from the middle and by having large areolet and very short ovipositor. Genus Exetastes belonging to Banchini is a largest group with 150 worldwide species. The Eastern Palaearctic region is represented by 48 species, but only five species, E. albiger Kriechbaumer, E. fornicator (Fabricius), E. ichneumoniformis (Gravenhorst), E. ishikawensis (Uchida) and E. komarovi Kokujev have been reported from Korea. Exetastes is distinguished from two other genera by the presence of prepectal carina and by having pointed upper tooth of mandible. The objectives of this work is to review the genus Exetastes and to report two unrecorded species (E. longipes Uchida and E. sapponensis Uchida) from Korea. Here we provide the diagnosises and photographs of Korean Exetastes species.

This study selected 10 species commonly emerging in Busan and Daegu showing distinct green structure distributions, and distribution differences were mapped and analyzed according to city of origin. As for G-IS (Green-Inhabiting Species) of both cities, there were six species, including V. mandarinia, V. ducalis, V. crabro flavofasciata, Vl. koreensis koreensis, Pa. indica, and P. snelleni, which mostly inhabited urban source green and satellite green structures. As for GU-IS (Green & Urban-Inhabiting Species), there were two species, V. simillima simillima and V. analis parallela, which nested at diverse sites and showed greater preference for green structures. On the other hand, U-IPS (Urban-Inhabiting Preference Species) consisted of two species, V. velutina nigrithorax and P. rothneyi koreanus, which nested at almost all sites, including urban and urban green areas, and were found to adapt well to an urban environment based on their far higher rate of urban nesting as compared to GU-IS species. In comparing emergence rates among the four urban GU-IS and U-IPS species in Busan and Daegu, regular distribution was mostly observed within the city of Busan, which is well equipped with a green network, whereas Daegu, which lacks green structure connectivity, showed its greatest distribution of species nearby urban green areas. Also this study shows that in Daegu with longer distance between green, U-IPS emerged up to far site beyond green areas as compared to Busan, which has short distances between green areas.

The subfamily Lycorininae Cushman & Rohwer, 1920 is a small group with a single genus, Lycorina. This subfamily can be easily distinguished from other ichneumonids subfamilies by the following characters: impreesed triangular pattern on the metasomal tergites, tergite 2-4 with convex central triangular area; hypopygium of female large and triangular in lateral view, centrally membranous and with small median apical notch. Genus Lycorina is a cosmopolitan genus with 30 described species (Yu et al., 2012). Also, from this genus have been reported five species in Eastern Palaearctic region, six species from China, two species from Japan and one species for the first time from Korea. The focal host range appears to be weakly concealed larva of micro-lepidopteran species. Some species have been reared from Crambidae in leaf-rolls or webs (Doerksen & Neunzig, 1974; Finlayson, 1976) and Tortricidae (Chao, 1980; Shaw, 2004). In this study we report one newly recorded to Korea species, Lycorina triangulifera Holmgren, 1859 and provide the diagnosis and photographs.

The genus Pristomerus Curtis, 1836 is one of among 36 genera belonging to the subfamily Cremastinae. This genus is a large genus with 100 worldwide species distributed (Yu et al., 2012). Also, from this genus have been reported 15 species in Eastern Palaearctic, eight species from China, seven species from Japan and three species from Korea. Subfamily Cremastinae is known as koinobiont endoparasitoids of solitary larval-pupa mostly Lepidoptera and Coleoptera (Fitton & Gauld 1980). Spectrum of host species of Pristomerus include various small Lepidoptera living in tunnels, leaf rolls, buds and other hidden areas (Rousse et al., 2011). Genus Pristomerus can be easily distinguished from other genera by the following characters: hind femur with ventral tooth; deep gastrocoelus on tergite II. Three species from this genus, Pristomerus chinensis Ashmead, 1906, P. erythrothoracis Uchida, 1933, and P. vulnerator (Panzer, 1799), have been reported from Korea previously. In this study we report three newly recorded species, Pristomerus rufiabdomenalis Uchida, 1928, P. parilis Kusigemati, 1984, P. kendarensis Kusigemati, 1984, and described three new species. Here we provide the descriptions and photographs of six species of genus Pristomerus, and species key.

For the taxonomic studies of the subfamily Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), specimens were collected from March of 2001 to June of 2012 in the south Korean. For the present work, 400 specimens which collected form various laboratories in Korea and in other countries. As a result of taxonomic study, a total of 5 genera, 13 species was confirmed in Korea Rhyssinae. Additionnal discriptions, collection sites, korean records, distribution, host, keys are provided for all 13 species. The Korean of species Rhyssinae and host are listed as followes. Subfamily Rhyssinae Morley, 1913 Genus Epirhyssa Cresson, 1865 Epirhyssa nitobei Uchida, 1928 Genus Megarhyssa Ashmead, 1900 Megarhyssa gloriosa (Matsumura, 1912) Megarhyssa jezoensis (Matsumura, 1912) Megarhyssa praecellens (Tosquinet, 1889) Megarhyssa n.sp 1 Megarhyssa n.sp 2 Megarhyssa n.sp 3 Megarhyssa n.sp 4 Megarhyssa n.sp 5 Genus Rhyssa Gravenhorst, 1829 Rhyssa persuasoria (Linnaeus, 1758) Genus Rhyssella Rohwer, 1920 Rhyssella furanna (Matsumura,1912) Genus Triacyra Baltazar, 1961 Triancyra galloisi (Uchida, 1928) Triancyra hirashimai Momoi, 1970

Invasive hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax, which was found at Yeongdo, Busan for the first time in 2003, has been spreading to whole area of Gyeongnam and even to some southern parts of Gyeongbuk for last ten years, causing lots of damage. Urban area of Busan already showed dominant distribution of V. v. nigrithorax marking more than 90% of emergence rate by its spread, while in forest area, its rate had not been so high due to its competition with native Vespa species. However, recently dominance of this species was detected continuously in some forests in Busan. Thus, this study conducted a survey of emergence rate of V. v. nigrithorax at Mt. Bongraesan, Yeongdo-gu, Busan where it was discovered for the first time and also conducted observation of its behaviors related with competition for prey in order to understand its ecological niche relation with native Vespa species. Consequently, 4,560 individuals were collected in total out of main five species of Vespa at Mt. Bongraesan. Of these, V. mandarinia made up 8.7% with 397, V. crabro flavofasciata 21.2% with 965, V. analis parallela 23% with 1,048, V. simillima simillima 0.6% with 27, while V. v. nigrithorax made up 46.6% with 2,123, demonstrating the aspect of the most dominant emergence of V. v. nigrithorax. On the other hand, ecological niche due to competition for prey between V. v. nigrithorax and native Vespa species was revealed in the order of V. mandarinia >> V. crabro flavofasciata > V. analis parallela ≥ V. v. nigrithorax, telling ecological niche of V. v. nigrithorax was relatively low compared to native Vespa species, despite its dominant emergence. This background may explain why in forest area, V. v. nigrithorax had a limited spread and dominance compared to urban area of less competition among Vespa species. On the other hand, V. v. nigrithorax seems to have advantage in catching small insects due to developed agility with its smaller size than other Vespa species, and its rapid spread and adaptation in the local environment may be mainly attributable to its far more number of individuals than native Vespa species and consequent high reproductive rates and diversity of nesting site.

The genus Xorides is a large group xoridine genus was firstly described by Latreille in 1809 based on Ichneumon indicatorius. The world fauna of Xorides have comprised of 147 described species(Yu et al., 2005). Among them, 48 species have distributed in Eastern Palaearctic region(Yu et al., 2005) and only one species, Xorides jezoensis, was recorded from Korea (Uchida,1955). Most species are specialized parasitoids of eight coleopteran families (Anobiidae, Bostrichidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Elateridae, Melandryidae), three hymenopteran families, two lepidopteran families, one dipteran family(Yu et al., 2005). Also, emerge from larva as ectoparasitoids(Sharifi & Javadi, 1971) and idiobiont(Chrystal & Skinner, 1931). This genus is similar to genus Odotocolon but mandible without two teeth; female flagellomere curved with peg like setae. In this study, we found two newly recorded species, Xorides konumensis(Uchida, 1928) and Xorides sapporensis(Uchida, 1928) from Korea.

The genus Eriborus which is a small-sized campoplegine genus was firstly described by Föster in 1869 based on Campoplex perfidus. Members of this genus included 52 species in the world. Among them, 11 species are distributed in Eastern Palaearctic region, and only two species, E. molestae (Uchida, 1933) and E. terebrans (Gravenhorst, 1829) have been recorded in Korea(Yu et al., 2005). Most species of this genus are specialized parasitoids of 17 lepidopteran families, Cerambycidae(Coleoptera) and Tenthredinidae(Hymenoptera), and more particularly attack most of Noctuidae and Pyralidae(Lepidoptera) larvae as koinobiont endoparasitoids. This genus is easily distinguished from other campoplegine genera by the combination of the following characters: Carinae of propodeum usually strong, areola longer than wide; propodeal spiracles circular or short elliptic; fore wings without areolet; thyridium subcircular or longitudinally elliptic. In this study, we found two newly recorded species, Eriborus vulgaris (Morley, 1913) and Eriborus sinicus (Holmgren, 1868) from Korea. A revised key to the species of Korean Eriborus Föster, redescriptions and photographs of diagnostic characters are provided.

The Gonatopodinae is the most diverse subfamily among the Dryinids subfamilies. It is recognized about 381 described species in the world. A total three genera and seven species have been reported from Korea (He, J. and Xu, Z., 2002). Generally Gonatopus is easily distinguished from other Gonatopodinae genera by the combination of the following characters: Palpal fomula 6/3, or 5/3 or, or 5/2 , or 4/3, or 4/2, or 3/2; enlarged claw with a subapical tooth, or with a small subapical tooth; Tibial spurs 1, 0, 1. Also, Genus Gonatopus Ljungh, 1810 ranks as the most commonly distributed genus in the world and parasitoids of leaf hopper, Cicadellidae (except for Typhlocybinae, Idiocerinae, Macropsinae) (Olmi, 1984). In this study, we found one newly recorded species, Gonatopus dromedarius (A.costa) and provide a key to the species of genus Gonatopus from Korea

한국산 수중다리뭉툭맵시벌속과 곤봉쿵툭맵시벌속은 미기록속으로 밝혀졌다. 연구에서 밝혀진 6종 Hypsicera mokiharai Kusigemati, H. femoralis(Fourcroy), H. rufosa Kusigemati, H. carinata Momoi et Kusigemari, H. nifribasis Momoi et Kusigemati 및 Acerataspos clauata (Uchida)은 한국에서 처을으로 기록된다. 분류형질로서 중요한 두부정면 및 성층사진을 제시하고, Hypsicera속에 관해서는 검색표를 제시하였다.

한국산 화장뭉툭맵시벌속의 분류학적 검토 결과 C.(C.) pilosa Cameron, C. (C.) nipponensis Uchida, C.(C.) jozonkeana Uchida, C.(S.) osuzensis Kusigemati 및 C.(S.) nigra Kusigemati의 5 미기록종을 새로이 밝혀냄으로써 한국산은 총 8종으로 정리되었다. 종들의 분류동정을 위한 검색표와 사진을 제시하였다.

본 수중다리잎벌과의 연구는 국내외 소장표본과 1997년 3월부터 1999년 9월까지 남한 전역에서 채집한 표본 등 500여 개체를 대상으로 하여 진행되었다. 본 연구 결과 한국산 수중다리잎벌과는 Zaraea aurata Takeuchi(꼬마금빛수중다리잎벌), Zaraea fasciata Linnaeus(삼각금빛수중다리잎벌), Agnocimbex eoa Semenov-Tian-Shanskij(흑무늬수중다리잎벌)의 3미기록종을 포함하여 2아과 10속 22종으로 밝혀졌다.

The genus Vicia comprises 166 annual or perennial species distributed mainly in Europe, Asia, and North America, also extending to the temperate regions of South America and tropical. However, utilization of SSR markers have not been investigated extensively in Vicia species as compared to other crop species. Here, we have assessed the potential for transferability (cross-species amplification) of cDNA microsatellites markers developed from common vetch (Vicia sativa subsp. sativa). In total, 226 alleles were detected in 36 microsatellite loci. The number of alleles per marker ranged from one to 20, with an average of 6.3. The gene diversity and polymorphism information content value averaged 0.540 and 0.503, with a range of 0–0.85 and 0–0.84 respectively. For transferability of the SSRs, amplification was carried out with selected from two to 8 accessions of 22 different Vicia species. For individual species, the successful amplification rate ranged from 32.6% in V. ervilia to 81.9% in V. sativa subsp. nigra, with average of 48.8%. As the rate of successful amplification of microsatellite markers generally correlates with genetic distance, these SSR markers are potentially useful in the analysis of genetic relationships between or within Vicia species.

The phosphor and ITO(Indium Tin Oxide) films for video phone tube (VPT) were simply prepared by the screen printing and thermal transfer methods. The increasing order of thermal firing of acrylic binder for phosphor and ITO was M6003 < M6664 < A/A1919 < M5001 < M6701 and all mass of binders were perfectly decomposed at lower temperature than 400℃. After thermal firing of phosphor paste, the residual of binder on the surface of phosphor could not be found by SEM. Aerosil as thickner provides the thixotropy property for phosphor paste but decrease the brightness of phosphor screen as residual after thermal firing. Since the thixotropy of M5001 binder without aerosil was shown and the storage modulus of phosphor paste by increasing the angular frequency was not nearly changed and the decrease of the storage modulus of phosphor paste by increasing the strain was remarkably shown. It was possible to prepare the phosphor paste which was predominant in the plate separation and the reproduction of pattern after the screen printing. Since the addition of dispersing agent to improve the printing process decreases the electrical conductivity and light transmission of ITO film, it could be found to be necessary the development of binder for phosphor paste that decreases the amount of dispersing agent possibly and does not use the aerosil as additive.