말라리아는 Anopheles 모기들에 의해 전파되며, 대한민국에서는 코로나 팬데믹 기간 동안(2020~2022) 약 200~300명대의 말라리아 환자가 발생하였으나, 지난 2023년에는 그 수가 폭증해 약 800명의 환자가 발생하였다. 현재까지 모기를 방제하기 위한 가장 효율적인 수단은 살충제를 사용한 방제이나, 지속적으로 이러한 화합물에 노출된 모기 개체군은 살충제에 저항성을 갖게 되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대한민국의 주요 말라리아 발생 지역인 비무장지대 부근 및 이외 지역인 용산, 평택, 오산에서 채집을 진행하였으며, 채집된 An. sinensis에 대해서 살충제 저항성과 관련되어 있다고 알려진 유전자인 acetylcholinesterase-1(ace-1)와 voltage-gated sodium channel(vgsc) 영역에 대한 저항성 돌연변이 보유 여부를 각각 확인하였다. 실험 결과 채집된 모든 지역에서 G119S(ace-1), L1014F,C(vgsc) 돌연변이가 발견되었으며, 그 빈도는 계절과 장소에 따라 차이를 나타내었다. 본 실험 결과는 향후 말라리아 감염 억제를 위한 매개체 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

대표적인 초식곤충인 나방은 기주식물 특이성을 갖고 있어 기주식물 분포에 따른 식생구조나 서식지 유형을 이해하는데 사용이 가능한 분류군이다. 나방은 종 다양성이 높고 분류학적으로 잘 알려져 있어 조사가 많이 이루 어져 풍부한 데이터가 존재하여 이들의 공간적, 시간적 규모의 생물량 변화 추세를 확인할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 공간적인 유형에 따라 나방의 생물량을 비교하고자 하였다. 생물량을 추정하기 위해 이용된 분류군은 자나방과, 밤나방과, 태극나방과로 이들 분류군의 앞날개 길이를 기준으로 종별로 계산을 하였다. 공간적인 유형은 숲의 위치(연속된 숲, 파편화된 숲)와 숲의 구성(침엽수림, 활엽수림, 혼효림)을 사용하였다. 그 결과 숲의 위치에 따라 생물량은 차이가 존재했지만(F = 16.76, P < 0.001), 숲의 구성(F = 1.54, P = 0.22)과 숲 위치와 구성의 상호작용은(F = 0.34, P = 0.71) 생물량의 차이를 확인하지 못하였다. 숲 구성에 따라 차이가 나타날 것으로 예상하였지만 나타나 지 않은 데에는 추후 분류군을 더 늘려 확인하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 식물 생물량 추정을 통한 곤충과 먹이자원의 가용 관계를 파악하는 연구도 필요할 것으로 예상한다.

본 연구는 우수한 꿀벌 신품종 육성을 위해 국립농업과학원에서 육성된 재래꿀벌 RX계통을 분양받아 ’23~’24 년까지 부안군 변산면에 위치한 전북농업기술원 잠사곤충시험장 양봉사에서 꿀벌세력, 수밀력, 질병저항성, 온순성, 질병발생, 월동능력을 한라벌 품종과 비교하여 조사하였다. 8~11월 RX계통의 꿀벌세력 감소는 3.9%로 한라벌 39.8% 대비 상대적으로 낮았고, 수밀력, 청소능력, 온순성은 유의적 차이가 없었다. 낭충봉아부패병 등 질병은 전북동물위생시험소에서 병성검정한 결과, 두 시험군 모두 항원이 검출되었으나 임상증상은 없었다. 그리고 월동 중 한라벌 품종은 폐사한 반면, RX계통은 모든 시험군이 월동에 성공하였고, 또한 월동전·후 먹이감 소량이 적어 월동능력이 우수한 것으로 판단하였다. 본 연구는 국립농업과학원 공동연구사업(PJ01504205)의 지원을 받아 수행하였다.

Background: Various treatments are being tried for lumbar neuropathy. Among them, neural mobilization aims to reduce peripheral nerve sensitivity by stimulating them directly. Similarly, applying kinesiotape stimulates skin and joint receptors around the nerves, thereby affecting nerve function and movement. Objectives: To investigated the effect of low back pain on the neural mobilization and kinesiotaping. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic low back pain were randomly allocated to three groups: the neural mobilization exercise with kinesiotaping group (NEKTG, n=10), the neural mobilization exercise group (NEG, n=10), and the kinesiotaping group (KTG, n=10). Each group performed six intervention sessions over two weeks. The results were analyzed by measuring the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and straight leg raise (SLR) before and after the intervention in each group. Results: NEKTG, NEG, and KTG all indicated a significant decrease in the back pain index before and after the intervention. However, there were no differences observed between the three groups. The SLR angles before the experiment were identical across the three groups. The SLR angles before and after the intervention were as follows: the SLR angle significantly increased in NEKTG. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the SLR angle in NEKTG compared to both NEG and KTG. Conclusion: Neural mobilization combined with kinesiotaping provided better therapeutic effects regarding pain reduction and neurodynamic improvement compared to alone kinesiotaping and mobilization with chronic low back pain.

본 연구는 식물공장에서 아쿠아포닉스와 수경재배에서 재배된 딸기의 무기양분 흡수율, 생육, 수량을 비 교하고자 수행되었다. 양어는 비단잉어(Cyprinus carpio) 12마리를 수조(W 0.7m × L 1.5m × H 0.45m, 472.5L)에 367.5L 물을 채운 후 입식하였고 5.44kg·m-3 밀도로 사육하였다. 딸기 모종 30개체는 펄라이트를 채운 포트에 정식 하여 아쿠아포닉스 시스템 베드(W 0.7m × L 1.5m × H 0.22m)에 장착하였고, 모종 30개체는 네트포트에 정식한 후 담액수경(DFT)시스템 베드(W 0.7m × L 1.5m × H 0.22m)의 아크릴판(140 cm × 60 cm, Ø80 mm)에 장착하였다. 재 배기간 동안 아쿠아포닉스 수조액의 pH와 EC는 각각 4.3－6.9, 0.32－1.14dS·m-1 수준이었고, 수경재배는 각각 5.1 －7.5, 1.0－1.8dS·m-1이었다. 아쿠아포닉스 수조액의 NO3-N와 NH4-N 농도는 수경재배보다 각각 약 3.6, 2.2 me·L-1 높았다. P, Ca, Mg, S 농도는 수경재배보다 각각 약 0.76, 3.1, 0.8, 0.9me·L-1 높았으며, K와 Fe는 각각 약 0.8me·L-1, 0.5mg·L-1 낮았다. 딸기 잎의 무기이온 함량은 두 재배 처리 간 유의차가 없었으며 엽내 K 함량은 적정 범위를 보였 다. 정식 후 58과 98일 사이에 아쿠아포닉스에서 재배된 딸기의 T-N와 P 흡수율은 수경재배보다 각각 1.5, 1.9배 높 았고 K 흡수율은 유의차가 없었다. 개체당 과실수는 아쿠아포닉스에서 수경재배보다 유의하게 많았으며, 상품과 생체중, 건물중, 과실의 과장과 과폭은 수경재배에서 아쿠아포닉스보다 높았다. 결과를 종합하면, 아쿠아포닉스에 서는 수조액의 물고기 배설물과 먹이 잔여물에 의한 고체 입자의 비료성분을 지속적으로 가용하여 활용한다는 것 을 알 수 있다.

Background: Most non-pharmacological interventions for tension-type headache (TTH) focus on direct intervention in areas associated with headaches, with limited research exploring the indirect effects of interventions utilizing the fascia. Objectives: To investigate the effects of superficial back line (SBL) stretching and head-neck massage interventions on the range of motion (ROM) and neck disability index (NDI) of TTH. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: The study participants were randomly allocated into three groups: SBL stretching group (n=9), head-neck massage group (n=9), and combined group (n=9). Prior to the intervention, measurements were taken for neck flexion ROM, straight leg raising test (SLRT) ROM, and NDI. The intervention consisted of 30-minute sessions conducted twice a week for 8 weeks. The second measurement took place 4 weeks after the intervention, followed by a third measurement conducted after an additional 4 weeks of intervention. Results: Comparing neck flexion ROM within each group, a significant increase was observed in the SBL stretching group after 8 weeks compared to before the intervention (P<.05). Regarding the comparison of SLRT ROM within each group, a significant increase was noted after 8 weeks compared to before the intervention in the SBL stretching, head-neck massage, and combined groups (P<.05). In terms of the comparison of NDI within each group, a significant decrease was observed in all three group after the intervention compared to before the intervention (P<.05). Conclusion: 8-week intervention involving SBL stretching, head-neck massage, and their combined application demonstrated effectiveness in improving neck flexion ROM, SLRT ROM, and the NDI for individuals with TTH.

Background: Chronic back pain not only causes physical discomfort and decreased functionality but also affects emotional well-being, resulting in feelings of anxiety, depression, and other psychological issues. Studies have indicated that cognitive functional therapy and motor control exercises can alleviate chronic low back pain and associated psychological issues. Objectives: To investigated the effect of chronic low back pain on the cognitive functional therapy (CFT) and motor control exercises (MCE). Design: Quaxi-experimental study. Methods: Forty patients with chronic low back pain were randomly assigned and divided into 20 cognitive functional therapy group with motor control exercises group (CFTMG) and 20 patients in motor control exercises group (MCEG). After applying CFT with motor control exercises and motor control exercises for 8 weeks, changes in numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and Fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) were observed. Results: In the CFTMG, statistically significant changes were observed in NPRS, ODI, and FABQ before and after the intervention. In the MCEG, statistically significant changes were observed in VAS and ODI before and after the intervention. Conclusion: The application of CFTM and MCE in patients suffering from chronic low back pain has demonstrated effectiveness in alleviating pain, enhancing back function, and reducing kinesiophobia associated with the condition.

Background: The flexible flatfoot is characterized by a flattening of the foot arch due to excessive bodyweight. The use of shoe insoles or taping methods has been identified as effective in realigning the navicular or calcaneus bones and addressing supination in pronated feet. Objects: This study aimed to analyze the difference between the arch taping attachment method, introduced in a previous study, and a novel taping method designed to provide support to the inner aspect of the heel bone in cases of flexible flatfoot. Methods: A navicular drop test was performed to discriminate flexible flatfoot. To analyze the differences in pressure distribution during walking for each taping method, the subjects underwent testing in the barefoot state with no attachments. The procedure included a sequence of arch taping and heel taping. Subsequent analysis of pressure distribution during walking utilized the GaitRite® system (GAITRite Gold, CIR Systems Inc.). Results: Arch taping and calcaneus taping significantly reduced the integrated pressure over time and peak pressure on the medial side of the midfoot for both feet compared to the barefoot state. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that supporting the inside of the heel through calcaneus taping, without direct stimulation to the longitudinal arch and navicular bone, is an effective intervention for flexible flatfoot.

There is a large amount of radioactive waste in waste storage in the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. Some of the radioactive waste was generated during the dismantling process due to Korea Research Reactor 1&2 and it accounts for 20% of the total waste. Radioactive waste must be reduced by appropriate disposal methods to secure storage space and to reduce disposal costs. Research Reactor wastes include wastes that are below the acceptable criteria for selfdisposal and non-contaminated wastes, so they can be treated as wastes subject to self-disposal through contamination analysis and reclassification. In order to deregulation radioactive waste, it is necessary to meet the self-disposal standards stipulated in the Domestic Nuclear Act and the treatment standards of the Waste Management Act. The main factors of deregulation are surface contaminant, radionuclide activity and dose assessment. To confirm the contamination of waste, surface contaminant and gamma nuclide analysis were performed. After homogenizing the waste sample, it was placed in 1 L Mariinelli beaker. When collecting waste samples, 1 kg per 200 kg of waste was collected. The concentrations of the major radionuclides Co-60, Cs-134, Cs-137, Eu-152, and Eu-154 were analyzed using HPGe detector. To evaluate radiation dose, various computational programs were used. A dose assessment was performed with the analyzed nuclide concentration. The concentrations of representative nuclides satisfied the deregulation acceptance criteria and the results of the dose assessment corresponding to self-disposal method was also satisfied. Based on this results, KAERI submitted the report on waste self-disposal plan to obtain approval. After final approval, Research Reactor waste is to be incinerated and incineration ash is to be buried in the designated place. Some metallic waste has been recycled. In this study, the suitability of deregulation for self-disposal was confirmed through the evaluation of the surface contaminant analysis, radionuclide concentration analysis and dose assessment.

SMR, which has recently been in the spotlight, has several advantages. However, it poses additional challenges in the areas of new design, digitalization, security, safety and safeguards. Among them, security refers to measures to protect nuclear materials and facilities from unauthorized access, theft, or destruction. Safeguards refer to measures to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons. The relationship between security and safeguards is complex and constantly evolving. In general, security measures are designed to protect nuclear materials and facilities from physical attack, while safeguards are designed to track and monitor the movement of nuclear materials and prevent them from being used to create nuclear weapons. In some areas security and safeguards work in complementary ways, and in other areas they conflict. But ultimately, finding a balance is what is effective and efficient. In conclusion, although the security and safeguards of SMRs have different key objectives, they are closely related and must be implemented comprehensively and consistently to ensure the safety of nuclear facilities, the public, and the environment. In this paper, we investigate how the safety and safeguards of SMR are currently being researched and analyze what difficulties there are when assuming that they are operated as a single interface.

양봉꿀벌은 한 마리 여왕벌을 중심으로 일벌 및 수벌들이 군집을 이루고 있는 사회성 곤충이다. 꿀벌은 여왕벌 이 깨어나면 처녀비행 (반경 2.4~7.4km )을 하여 공중에서 여러 마리의 수벌들과 교미를 한 후, 자신의 봉군 내부로 돌아와 평생을 살아가는 생태적 특성을 가지고 있다. 이와 같은 이유로 계통 증식 또는 품종 육종에서 외부의 오염원을 차단하기 위해서는 여왕벌과 수벌이 격리된 지역에서 교미가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구는 여왕벌과 수벌이 격리될 수 있는 국내 도서지역을 중심으로 격리교미 연구를 2020년부터 2023년 봄부터 가을까지 수행하 였으며, 육종을 위한 격리교미의 효율성을 분석하고자 하였다. 도서지역은 전남 - 낙월도, 전북 - 위도, 왕등도, 식도에서 수행되었으며, 섬 크기, 경관 환경 요인, 교미 시기 등에 의해 격리교미의 성공률이 어떻게 변하는지를 확인하였다.

Recently, defects that occurred during the construction of apartment houses have become a social issue. Defects in apartment houses lead to waste of resources and economic loss, causing psychological and physical damage to customers, and a decrease in reliability and financial loss to construction companies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of defect occurrence according to the difference in project management level in the apartment housing construction stage, and to investigate the extent to which the project manager's experience affects the defect occurrence rate. For the empirical analysis of the study, statistical analysis was conducted using data collected from 130 actual projects. The results of the analysis showed that schedule management, cost management, and quality management had a positive effect on reducing the defect occurrence rate in the execution stage of apartment housing construction, while human resource management productivity had a negative effect. This study theoretically demonstrated the importance of project management, and in practice, showed that schedule management, cost management, and quality management should be faithfully performed in the execution stage to reduce the rate of defects after project completion. It was also suggested that hiring an experienced project manager would help reduce project defects.

This study suggests that using AI chatbots with highly human-like characteristics could reduce the effectiveness of personalized AI chatbot advertising because they will likely worsen consumer concerns about privacy. Conversely, using AI chatbot with less human-like characteristics will not heighten consumer privacy concerns, thereby increasing the impact of personalized AI advertising.