Wasp venom is rich in bioactive substances, such as proteins, peptides, and small molecules. The venom significantly affects the mammalian cardiovascular, nervous, and immune systems, causing mild to severe symptoms following stings. It exhibits both procoagulant and anticoagulant activities, and significant research has identified its ability to modulate the mammalian coagulation system. Active substances that inhibit clotting were identified and purified through patient case reports and experimental studies. The study reviewed the findings on how wasp venom interacts with platelets and coagulation factors, such as fibrinogen and prothrombin, and demonstrated its dual influence on the coagulation cascade. This highlights the potential of the venom in therapeutic applications, especially as an anticoagulant, as evidenced by the inhibition of coagulation factors and prolonged clotting times after envenomation, suggesting its utility in developing novel anticoagulant therapies. This review focuses on the anticoagulant effects of social wasp venom, which is prevalent in sting incidents, summarizing the research and observations on its therapeutic potential. This emphasizes the significance of further studies to identify and utilize venom components as innovative anticoagulant treatments.

특정작물의 연작재배가 만연한 국내 경작지 중, 특히 인삼재배지는 인삼뿌리썩음병균, 시설재배지는 선충에 의한 연작피해가 매우 심각하며, 주로 화학·생물학 약제로 방제하지만 효과가 낮고 토양오염과 약제저항성 등의 부작용을 유발하고 있음. 모든 살아 있는 병해충은 고온에 저항성이 없는 장점에 착안하여 마이크로파(915MHz) 전력밀도 균일화 응용으로 경작지 토양 30cm 이상 깊이까지 100℃ 이상 침투 가열하는 마이크로파 방제장치 및 방제기술을 개발하여 토양 속에 존재하는 선충, 개미, 인삼뿌리썩음병균에 적용한 결과, 선충은 60℃, 개미는 50℃에서 완전사멸 되었으며, 인삼뿌리썩음병균은 80℃에서 연작 가능한 수치까지 떨어지는 방제 효과를 나타 냄에 따라 농약을 대체하는 방제기술로 평가된다.

The operation of nuclear power plants, nuclear waste depositories, and the decontamination and decommissioning of nuclear power plants all have the possibility of generating various kinds of radionuclides that can be formed as gaseous or liquid phases. Among the radionuclides, strontium is considered as most harmful substance due to its abundance in nuclear accident effluent, long half-life, high fission yield, high water solubility, and high mobility in aquatic environment. To remove strontium from aquatic environment, adsorption technique is mainly used with high economic feasibility, efficiency, and selectivity. Previously, we synthesized sodium titanates with mid-temperature hydrothermal method as selective strontium adsorbent in aqueous solution. Moreover, it was demonstrated that synthesized sodium titanates show high strontium adsorption rate with high selectivity with high surface area, pore diameter and volume. Herein, we investigated the surface structure of synthesized sodium titanates before and after strontium adsorption in aqueous solution using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. According to SEM and EDS experimental results, aquatic strontium can be adsorbed as surface precipitation with formation of cube-shaped structure, which is quite similar strontium titanate structure crystals onto the surface of sodium titanates. In addition, XPS experimental results revealed that the titanium ions on the surface of sodium titanates were oxidized during strontium surface precipitation process, and the sodium ion on the surface of sodium titanates were exchanged with aquatic strontium ions via ion exchange process during strontium adsorption process.

Prior to the investigations on fuel degradation it is necessary to describe the reference characteristics of the spent fuel. It establishes the initial condition of the reference fuel bundle at the start of dry storage. In a few technology areas, CANDU fuels have not yet developed comprehensive analysis tools anywhere near the levels in the LWR industry. This requires significantly improved computer codes for CANDU fuel design. In KNF, in-house fuel performance code was developed to predict the overall behavior of a fuel rod under normal operating conditions. It includes the analysis modules to predict temperature, pellet cracking and deformation, clad stress and strain at the mid-plane of the pellet and pellet-pellet interfaces, fission gas release and internal gas pressure. The main focus of the code is to provide information on initial conditions prior to dry storage, such as fission gas inventory and its distribution within the fuel pellet, initial volumes of storage spaces and their locations, radial profile of heat generation within the pellet, etc. Potential degradation mechanisms that may affect sheath integrity of CANDU spent fuel during dry storage are: creep rupture under internal gas pressure, sheath oxidation in air environment, stress corrosion cracking, delayed hydride cracking, and sheath splitting due to UO2 oxidation for a defective fuel. To upgrade the developed code that address all the damage mechanisms, the first step was a review of the available technical information on phenomena relevant to fuel integrity. The second step was an examination of the technical bases of all modules of the in-house code, identify and extend the ranges of all modules to required operating ranges. Further improvements being considered include upgrades of the analysis module to achieve sufficient accuracy in key output parameters. The emphasis in the near future will be on validation of the in-house code according to a rigorous and formal methodology. The developed models provide a platform for research and industrial applications, including the design of fuel behavior experiments and prediction of safe operating margins for CANDU spent fuel.

Lentinus lepideus is an edible mushroom, belongs to the family Tricholomaceteae and order Agaricales. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities, tyrosinase inhibitory effects on the fruiting bodies of L. lepideus extracted with acetone, methanol and hot water. The antioxidant activities were performed on β-carotene-linoleic acid, reducing power, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, and ferrous chelating abilities. In addition to this, phenolic acid and flavonoids contents were also analyzed. Hot water extract of L. lepideus showed the strongest β-carotene-linoleic acid inhibition as compare to others extracts. At 8 mg/ml, methanolic extract showed a high reducing power of 1.21. The scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, acetonic and methanolic extracts were effective than hot water extract. The strongest chelating effect (87.50%) was obtained from the methanolic extract at 1.0 mg/ml concentration. Antioxidant activities of the extracts from the fruiting bodies of L. lepideus were increased with the increasing concentration. After application of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, coupled to a diode array detector and electrospray ionisation mass spectra, six phenolic compounds namely, chlorogenic acid, vanillin, naringin, naringenin, formononetin and biochanin were identified from acetonic extract. Tyrosinase inhibition of acetonic, methanolic, and hot water extracts of L. lepideus were increased with the increasing of concentration. Results revealed that acetonic and methanolic extract showed good, while hot water showed moderate activities of the tyrosinase inhibition at the concentration tested. This study suggests that fruiting bodies of L. lepideus can potentially be used as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants.

외연적 유한요소법은 벡터처리에 적합한 구조를 가지고 있어 벡터컴퓨터를 이용하면 기존의 스칼라 컴퓨터에서보다 휠씬 빠르게 해석을 수행할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 memory-to-memory방식의 벡터컴퓨터에서의 외연적 유한요소법의 효율적인 벡터화 방법을 제시하였다. 먼저 벡터컴퓨터의 구조적 특성과 무관하게 적용될 수 있는 일반적인 벡터화 기법을 고찰한 후 memory-to-memory방식의 벡터컴퓨터에 적합한 벡터화 기법을 개발하였다. 개발된 벡터화 기법의 유용성을 확인하기 위해 외연적 유한요소 프로그램인 DYNA3D를 memory-to-memory방식의 벡터컴퓨터인 HDS AS/XL V50에 이식한 결과 스칼라에 비해 2.4배 이상의 성능 향상을 얻을 수 있었다.

The Hardy Kiwifruit (A. arguta (Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.) is one of the valuable species due to their edible fruit, high content of nutritious substances, especially abundant of vitamin C, and distinctive flavor and medicinal usage. In order to develop a new A. arguta cultivar with larger fruit and high yielding, 168 candidate plants were collected from wild population in 12 locations distributed 4 provinces (Chungbuk, Gangwon, Gyeongnam, Jeonbuk) from 1985 to 1987. A clone bank that contained highly productive, superior genotypes of A. arguta was assembled in 1988, and 32 excellent clones were selected in 1996 through the clonal test for the growth and fruiting. Evaluation on these clones was done for the fruiting characteristics, yield trial, and major agronomic traits, such as Average Fruit Length (FL) and Width (FW), and Weight of Fruit (WF) and Individual Yields (IY), during 6 years (1997~2002). After the final selection, a new A. arguta cultivar, “Sae-Han” with larger fruit and high yielding was registered as a new variety denomination and certificated variety production and merchandising in 2006 (Table 1). “Sae-Han” is a tetraploid plant and has ellipsoid fruit shape, and has particularly large fruit size (Fig. 1, Table 3). The major agronomic traits of “Sae-Han” showed the large values and selection effect with an average of 43.6 mm (FL), 36.1 mm (FW), 29.4 g (WF), and 17.5 kg (IY), which are 35.0%, 19.9%, 81.5%, and 124.4% compared to the mean of 29 sample trees, respectively (Table 2).

Hardy Kiwifruit (A. arguta (Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.) is one of the valuable species due to their edible fruits, high content of nutritious substances, especially abundant of vitamin C, and distinctive flavor and medicinal usage. Therefore, we have developed a new cultivar of A. arguta with large fruits and high yielding. For this, 168 candidate plants were collected from wild populations in 12 locations from 4 provinces (Chungbuk, Gangwon, Gyeongnam, and Jeonbuk) from 1985 to 1987. A clone bank that contained highly productive, superior genotypes of A. arguta was assembled in 1988, and 32 excellent clones were selected in 1996 through the clone tests for growth and fruiting. From these clones, we have been regularly investigated yield trials for the fruiting characteristics to evaluation of major agronomic traits, which are the average of Fruit Length (FL), Fruit Width (FW), Weight of Fruit (WF) and Individual Yield (IY), during consecutive 6 years (1997~2002). Finally, we have selected the new A. arguta cultivar, “Dae-Sung” with large fruits and high yielding and registered as a new variety denomination and certificated for variety production and merchandising in 2006 (Table 1). This cultivar is characterized by a diploid plant and oblong type in the fruit shape, and is particularly characterized by large fruit size (Fig. 1, Table 3). The major agronomic traits of this cultivar showed the large selection effect with an average of 41.6 mm (FL), 29.9 mm (FW), 18.9 g (WF), and 25.9 kg (IY), which are 28.8%, -0.7%, 16.7%, and 232.0% compared to the mean of 29 sample trees, respectively (Table 2).

Hardy Kiwifruit (A. arguta (Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.) is one of the valuable species due to their edible fruits, high content of nutritious substances, especially abundant of vitamin C, and distinctive flavor and medicinal usage. Therefore, we have developed a new cultivar of A. arguta with large fruits and high yielding. For this, 168 candidate plants were collected from wild population in 12 locations from 4 provinces (Chungbuk, Gangwon, Gyeongnam, and Jeonbuk) from 1985 to 1987. A clone bank that contained highly productive, superior genotypes of A. arguta was assembled in 1988, and 32 excellent clones were selected in 1996 through clone tests for growth and fruiting. From these clones, we have regularly investigated yield trials for the fruiting characteristics for evaluation of major agronomic traits, which are the average of Fruit Length (FL), Fruit Width (FW), Weight of Fruit (WF) and Individual Yield (IY), during consecutive 6 years (1997~2002). Finally, we have selected the new A.arguta cultivar, “Chil-Bo” with large fruits and high yielding and registered as a new variety denomination and certificated for variety production and merchandising in 2006 (Table 1). This cultivar is characterized by a tetraploid plant and spheroid type in the fruit shape, and is particularly characterized by large fruit size (Fig. 1). The major agronomic traits of this cultivar showed the large selection effect with an average of 28.4 mm (FL), 36.9 mm (FW), 18.2 g (WF), and 24.2 kg (IY), which are -12.1%, 22.6%, 12.4%, and 210.3% compared to the mean of 29 sample trees, respectively (Table 2).

A new chestnut cultivar, “Mipung” was released from Korean native chestnut trees by chestnut laboratory of the Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI) in 2006. This cultivar was selected first from a natural population in 1984, and the preliminary, advanced, and regional yield trials for evaluation were carried out from 1985 to 2005. “Mipung” is a late-ripening cultivar, and its optimal ripening date is late September. It has good nut quality for eating raw and processing. Its average nut weight is 27.3 g, much heavier than that of the check cultivar, “Arima”. It had also been identified to have resistance to chestnut blight disease and chestnut gall wasp threatening to chestnut trees. The average yield of 8 year-old “Mipung” was 8.8kg per tree, which was superior to that of “Arima”.

Paternal inheritance of plastid genome was confirmed by PCR-sequencing in the interspecific cross between Actinidia arguta and A. deliciosa. Both coding region and spacer region in the plastid DNA were PCR amplified, restriction digested, or sequenced. PC

Epicotyl grafting in one of the most efficient propagation methods for walnut trees. We have analyzed the scion factors that may influence the survival rate of the grafts. The optimum time for the collection of scions was turned out to be between January