Immature stages of Mantura rustica (Linnaeus) are described in detail for the first time in Korea. A key to identifying larvae of Korean Mantura is provided, with their illustrations and larval tubercle pattern.

The genus Lilioceris Reitter, 1912, containing generally thirty species of two subgenera, is distributed Oriental regions (Gressit and Kimoto, 1961). Seven species were recorded in Korea (Lee and An, 2001). Many of them are important pests on medicinal plants and garden flowers (lily, yam, etc). There have been a few studies on the adult taxonomy of Korean Lilioceris (Gressitt and Kimoto, 1961; An et al., 1986; An and Kwon, 1995, An, 1995, 1996, 1998, Lee and An, 2001). Although the main damage to the plants is caused by their larvae, nothing is known about the immature stages of Korean Lilioceris. L. (L.) ruficollis is associated with the host plants of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae), especially D. septemioba which is a well-known medicinal plant in Korea. In the present paper, detailed descriptions and illustrations of the immature stages of L. (L.) ruficollis are provided for the first time. Some remarks on their biology are also given.

We investigated mating conditions about care temperature of queen before mating, mating period, and number of queen per mating cage to improve mating rate of Bombus terrestris. Among 19℃, 22℃ and 25℃, care temperatures of queen before mating, queen cared at 19℃ was more effective than those at 22℃ and 25℃ in death rate during care and mating periods, and colony development. In case of mating period, oviposition rate and preoviposition periods at queen mated during 3 days were 89.3% and 11.4 days, respectively, which was higher and earlier than those of queen mated during 5 days and 7 days. The rate of worker emergence, colony foundation and progeny-queen production at 3 daysmated queen were also 2.0-11.6% higher than those at queen mated during 5 days and 7 days. In number of queen per mating cage, the rate of worker emergence, colony foundation and progeny-queen production queen mated at mating cage with 10 queens and 30 males were 41.5%, 25.9% and 23.2%, respectively. These values correspond to 1.5-6.8 folds those queen mated at cage with 20 queens and 30 queens. Therefore, we supposed that care temperature favorable for B. terrestris queen was 19℃ and the period need to mating was 3 days, and the number of queen per mating cage (55× 45× 65㎝) was 10.