Ultrafiltration membranes are capable of acting as barriers to bacteria, viruses, spores, pollens, colloidal suspensions, high molecular weight solutes, pathogens and pesticides. Pore structure characterization of these include through pore throat diameter, bubble point pore diameter, mean flow pore diameter, pore distribution and liquid permeability. Liquid Liquid Porometery is a novel technique for measuring pores in the Ultrafiltration range without any damage or rupture to the membrane. Liquid Liquid Porometer uses two immiscible & saturated wetting liquids. Pores are filled with first liquid and second liquid is pressurized to displace the first liquid and flow through the pores. The amount of liquid flowing out is measured. Second liquid flow rate and differential pressure are measured. Pore distributions are computed like those in Capillary Flow Porometer.

Different biotic agents such as bacteria, fungi, nematode and virus interact with plants, and causes significant annual crop loss. The plants interact with these pathogen and undergo various changes at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. The omics technique is a powerful way which provides important information related to molecular changes occurring during plant-pathogen interaction. Several studies have been conducted and revealed either up or down-regulation of many genes involved in metabolism, energy, photosynthesis, signaling, defense and ROS upon pathogen interaction. In this review, we highlight recent progress in proteomic studies of plant-pathogen interaction, which could be useful for controlling disease and development of molecular markers for early detection of different diseases.