New triple tungstate phosphors NaPbLa(WO4)3:Yb3+/Ho3+ (x = Yb3+/Ho3+ = 7, 8, 9, 10) are successfully fabricated by microwave assisted sol-gel synthesis and their structural and frequency upconversion (UC) characteristics are investigated. The compounds crystallized in the tetragonal space group I41/a and the NaPbLa(WO4)3 host have unit cell parameters a = 5.3927(1) and c = 11.7961(3) Å, V = 343.05(2) Å3, Z = 4. Under excitation at 980 nm, the phosphors have yellowish green emissions, which are derived from the intense 5S2/ 5F4 → 5I8 transitions of Ho3+ ions in the green spectral range and strong 5F5 → 5I8 transitions in the red spectral range. The optimal Yb3+:Ho3+ ratio is revealed to be x = 9, which is attributed to the quenching effect of Ho3+ ions, as indicated by the composition dependence. The UC characteristics are evaluated in detail under consideration of the pump power dependence and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage chromaticity. The spectroscopic features of Raman spectra are discussed in terms of the superposition of Ho3+ luminescence and vibrational lines. The possibility of controlling the spectral distribution of UC luminescence by the chemical content of tungstate hosts is demonstrated.

임상 결과의 측정에서 새로운 관점을 갖는 것은 중요하다. 의료 재활은 심리적 측정의 질들(표준화, 신뢰도, 타당도)에서 충분한 노력에 수행되어지지 않아 왔기 때문에 환자와 프로그램 사이에 일반화된 기능적인 평가 범위가 부족하다. 장애의 적절한 측정을 위한 요구는 기능적인 상태에서 변화들을 알리고 치료의 필요성을 평가하고 치료를 계획하고 결과를 예측하고 보상 방법을 측정하기 위한 환자의 치료와 임상 연구에서 모두 나타난다. 세계적으로 사용되어지고 있는 기

인간의 수행 요소인 국소 근육의 피로는 만성적인 손상을 초래한다. 이 연구는 근전도의 진폭(amplitude)과 근력(muscle force)에서 피로의 영향을 WL과 NWL로 비교하여 조사하였다. 손목 굽힘근의 근력은 시간이 흐름에 따라 WL과 NWL 모두에서 감소되었다. 그러나, WL과 NWL는 시간 경과에 따른 근전도 진폭에서는 차이를 보였다. WL의 근전도 진폭에서는 운동 후 48분에 가장 높은 변화를 보였다. 이를 통하여 근전도의 진폭파 근력이

We have examined consequences of strong tidal encounters between a neutron star and a normal star using SPH as a possible formation mechanism of isolated recycled pulsars in globular clusters. We have made a number of SPH simulations for close encounters between a main-sequence star of mass ranging from 0.2 to 0.7 M⊙ represented by an n=3/2 polytrope and a neutron star represented by a point mass. The outcomes of the first encounters are found to be dependent only on the dimensionless parameter n'≡ (m/(m＋M))1/2(rmin/RMS)3/2(m/M)(1/6), where m and M are the mass of the main-sequence star and the neutron star, respectively, rmin the minimum separation between two stars, and RMS the size of the main-sequence star. The material from the (at least partially) disrupted star forms a disk around the neutron star. If all material in the disk is to be acctreted onto the neutron star's surface, the mass of the disk is enough to spin up the neutron star to spin period of 1 ms.

Problem of the diffuse radiation (DFR) transfer is solved exactly for pure hydrogen nebulae of uniform density, and accuracies of the on-the-spot (OTS) approximation are critically examined. For different values of density and spectral types of the central star, we have calculated the degree of ionization and the kinetic temperature of electrons as functions of distance from the central star, and compared them with the corresponding results of the OTS approximation. At most locations inside an HII region. the DFR ionizes considerable amount of hydrogen; therefore, the OTS approximation under-estimates the size of ionized regions. The exact treatment of the DFR transfer results in an about 10 to 20 percent increase in the classical S t r ¨ o m g r e n radius. The OTS approximation overestimates the local heating rate by raising the density of neutral hydogens. Consequently, it predicts higher values for the local electron temperature. The OTS approximation also exaggerates the dependence of electron temperature on density. When the hydrogen density is changed from 10 / c m 3 to 10 3 / c m 3 with an 06.5V star, the OTS approximation shows an about 3,000 K difference in the electron temperature, while the exact treatment of the DFR-transfer reduces the difference to about 1,000 K. The OTS approximation fails to demonstrate the brightening of the electron temperature close to the ionization boundary.

The performance of grass filter strips (GFS) in abating P04-P concentrations from the forage cropland was tested in an experiment on the 10% slope in Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA) from October 2007 to September 2009. Forage croplands with rye-corn double cropping system applied with chemical fertilizer and livestock manure (LM) were compared in a natural condition. The plots were hydrologically isolated Main plots consisted of the length of GFS, such as Om, 5m, 10m and 15m. Sub plots consisted of the type of LM, such as chemical fertilizer (CF), composted cattle manure (CCM) and composted swine manure (CSM). Concentrations of P04-P in surface runoff water were reduced as the length of GFS increased. Especially, GFS with 10m and 15m reduced PO4-P concentrations significantly compared to that with Om and 5m (p<0.05). The results from this study suggest that GFS improved the removal and trapping PO4-P from forage croplands.

본 실험은 질소시용 수준이 수도의 이삭줄기, 엽신 및 엽초의 소유관속 발육에 미치는 영향을 구명 하여 수량을 증대시킬 수 있는 방안을 모색하기 위하여 '89∼'90년에 국제벼연구소 (IRRI)에서 인도형인 IR 58과 일본형인 운봉 7을 공시하여 수행하였다. 1. 분얼경의 수수절간에 발달된 소유관속수는 질소시용 수준이 증가할수록 유의하게 증가되는 경향이었으며, 주간의 경우 질소 무시용구에 비하여 질소시용구에서 IR 58은 39% 및 운봉 7은 24% 증가하였다. 2. 주간 및 일찍 출현된 1, 2차 분얼경의 발육 순서로 소유관속수가 많이 발육되어 있었으며, 분얼경의 출현이 늦을수록 유관속의 발육이 저하 되었다. 3. 주간의 수수절간, 엽신 및 엽초의 소유관속발육은 질소 무비구 및 소비구에 비하여 질소 증시구에서 다소 증가하는 경향이었다. 4. 수수절간의 소유관속수는 이삭당 영화수 및 입중과 밀접한 정의 상관관계를 나타냈으며, 이는 줄기에 발달된 소유관속이 영화수의 분화와 깊은 연관성을 가지고 있으며, 발달된 유관속을 통해 양수분 전류가 원할히 이루어져서 결국 이삭당 입중도 증가되는 결과를 보였다.