굴참나무 육종채종원에서 유전간벌 모형 및 다양한 간벌 강도에 따른 재적생장에 대한 개량효과 및 유전다양성을 추정하였다. 유전간벌 모형은 개체간벌, 가계간벌 및 가계 내 개체간벌이었으며, 간벌강 도는 개체목 기준으로 10% 단위로 적용하였다. 유효집단크기는 채종목 가계 간 유전적 유연관계를 나 타내는 공동조상도를 이용하여 추정하였다. 유전간벌 모형에 있어 개체간벌이 가계간벌 및 가계 내 개 체간벌 보다 모든 간벌강도에서 높은 개량효과가 추정되었다. 가계간벌은 모든 간벌강도에서 매우 낮은 개량효과가 추정되어 본 굴참나무 채종원의 유전간벌 방법으로 적용하기에는 부적절한 것으로 판단되었 다. 각 유전간벌 모형에 대한 유효집단크기를 추정한 결과, 가계간벌이 다른 간벌모형 보다 높은 유효 집단크기가 추정되었다. 개체간벌은 약도의 강도에서는 일정하게 유지되었으나 강도의 간벌에서는 낮게 추정되었으며, 가계 내 개체간벌은 중도의 간벌강도까지는 감소하는 경향을 나타내다가 강도의 간벌강 도에서 다시 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하며, 50% 이하의 간벌강도를 적용할 경우에는 개체간벌 이 효과적인 반면, 50% 이상의 간벌강도를 적용할 시에는 가계 내 개체간벌 방법이 효과적일 것으로 판단된다.
본 연구는 19년생 상수리나무 육종실생채종원에서 다양한 유전간벌 모형(간벌 방법 및 강도)에 따른 개량효과와 유전다양성을 추정함으로써, 본 채종원에 적합한 유전간벌 방법 및 강도를 선정하기 위해 실시하였다. 간벌 방법은 개체간벌, 가계간벌, 가계+가계 내 개체간벌을 적용하였으며, 간벌강도는 10% 단위로 10∼90%의 간벌강도를 적용하였다. 개체간벌은 모든 간벌강도에서 가장 높은 개량효과가 나타났지만, 유효집단크기를 이용하여 추정한 유전다양성은 가장 낮게 나타났다. 가계간벌은 가장 높은 유전다양성이 나타났지만, 잔존 가계수가 적고 개량효과가 극히 낮아 본 채종원에 적용할 간벌 방법으로는 부적절하였다. 가계+가계 내 개체간벌 방법은 높은 개량효과가 추정되면서, 안정된 유전다양성이 유지되었다. 간벌강도는 가계수와 유전다양성이 일정하게 유지되면서, 높은 개량효과를 얻을 수 있는 60%의 간벌강도가 적절한 것으로 생각되었다. 결론적으로 본 상수리나무 육종실생채종원 관리를 위하여 개량효과를 높이면서 유전다양성을 안정적으로 유지할 수 있는 가계+가계내 개체간벌 방안을 제시하는 바이다. 또한 상수리나무 채종원 관리자는 목적하는 개량효과 달성 및 유전다양성 유지에 필요한 유전간벌 강도를 설정할 수 있을 것이다.
This study investigated mineral element concentrations of acorns in Quercus acutissima and Quercus serrata seed orchard, so that to estimate the variation of these species based on the chemical composition in different clones from plus trees. The acorns were collected from ten clones of each species grown in the same clonal seed orchard. The nutritional concentration of acorns was significantly different between the clones and species. The concentration of nutrient for the whole acorn followed in this general sequence: P > K > Na > Mg > Ca > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu . The mineral concentrations of acorns in clones of Q. acutissima and Q. serrata contained P (494 to 684 and 541 to 672 mg/100 g), K (114 to 569 and 140 to 251 mg/100 g), Na (57 to 121 and 49 to 85 mg/100 g), Mg (29 to 37 and 26 to 42 mg/100 g), Ca (10 to 53 and 26 to 68 mg/100 g), Mn (0.5 to 3.4 and 1.8 to 4.5 mg/100 g), Fe (0.7 to 1.1 and 0.0 to 2.2 mg/100 g), Zn (0.34 to 0.81 and 0.38 to 0.84 mg/100 g), and Cu (0.13 to 0.40 and 0.09 to 0.34 mg/100 g) respectively. Even though acorns of Q. serrata are smaller in size than Q. acutissima, acorns of Q. serrata contained significantly higher concentration of phosphorus, calcium, iron and manganese than Q. acutissima. Based on the mineral composition of the acorns, this study has shown that the clones of Q. acutissima and Q. serrata have different ability to accumulate mineral nutrients which could indicate the variation of Quercus species in terms of mineral acquisition and accumulation.
This study was conducted to figure out the differences in physiological responses, e.g. growth, photosynthetic activity and water potential, and photoinhibition tolerance in photosystem between superior and inferior families of Pinus densiflora under drought condition. Superior which is KW85 and inferior which is KW40 families were selected using progeny test results of height growth. In 2007, seeds were collected from seed orchard. In 2008, seedlings were produced and cultivated, and from April 2009 drought treatment was started with shading treatment and plants were harvested in Sept. 2009. There was no significant difference in height growth between families. In case of leaf water potential, KW85 showed higher water potential under drought condition. But there was no significant difference in drought with shading treatment. There was no difference in photosynthetic rate but stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of KW85 showed lower value than KW40. So water use efficiency of KW85 showed higher value in every treatment. Non-photochemical quenching of KW40 showed higher value in drought treatment, but there was no significant difference in control and drought with shading treatment. Xanthophyll cycle pool size of KW85 showed higher value in drought treatment, but in drought with shading treatment KW40 showed higher value. Selected superior family showed higher drought tolerance according to water use efficiency, and it also has effective non-photochemical quenching ability. In contrast inferior family respond more sensitively in photoinhibition under drought condition.
We conducted this study to compare physiological response according to growing conditions between superior and inferior family of Pinus densiflora. In 1981, open-pollinated (OP) progenies of P. densiflora were planted in Chuncheon (CC) and Naju (NJ). We selected KW2 as a superior family and KW23 as a inferior family based on volume index among 30 OP progenies. We calculated general combining ability of each 30 OP progenies in each sites, and compared family growth rank. We collected needles of selected families in CC and NJ, and analyzed chlorophyll content, nitrated reductase (NR) activity, nitrogen content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) acitivity. In CC, chlorophyll content and nitrogen content were more in needles of KW2 than those of KW23. In NJ, KW2 showed higher NR activity than KW23, and according to site, families in CC showed higher NR activity than those in NJ. SOD activities of both families were higher in NJ, and KW23 showed higher activity than KW2 in both sites. Consequently, inconsistency of the growth performance of two families was caused by different genetic and physiological responses.