The problem of illegal Chinese fishing and Chinese fishermen’s violent resistance to Korean law enforcement in the Yellow Sea have been a long-standing point at issue between Korea and China. It is not merely a problem of illegal fishing in Korean waters; this conflict could disrupt the integrity of the Exclusive Economic Zone and even undermine the friendly relations between the two countries. This article is to analyze the current status of the illegal Chinese fishing in the Yellow Sea and to provide a perspective on legal questions concerning the Korea-China Fishery Agreement to govern the fishery issue. This article suggests challenges ahead to solve the illegal fishing problem by examining factors causing the problem. It also provides a political perspective on the illegal fishing problem, which has become a highly newsworthy issue between Korea and China.