Samples were collected from planktonic habitats of the fresh and brackish waters in Korea from August 2016 to May 2018. As a result, three genera and nine species were newly recorded in Korea. The unrecorded indigenous genera were Anathece, Chondrocystis and Geminocystis, and nine species were Anabaenopsis arnoldii, Anathece smithii, Chondrocystis dermochroa, Coelosphaerium aerugineum, Eucapsis microscopica, Geminocystis herdmanii, Microcystis panniformis, Synechococcus nidulans and Woronichinia karelica. Anathece smithii, Coelosphaerium aerugineum, Eucapsis microscopica, Microcystis panniformis and Synechococcus nidulans had been reported to inhabit freshwater, but these were found in brackish water in this study. Microcystis panniformis, which is a potential genus for causing green-tide, is taxonomically valuable in Korea.

Samples were collected from benthic and subaerophytic habitats of fresh and brackish water in Korea from April 2017 to April 2018. Accordingly, three genera and seven species were newly recorded in Korea. Three unrecorded genera were Cephalothrix, Cyanophanon and Toxifilum, and seven species were Anagnostidinema pseudacutissimum, Calothrix elenkinii, Cephalothrix komarekiana, Cyanophanon mirabile, Cyanosarcina chroococcoides, Leptolyngbya ectocarpi and Toxifilum mysidocida. Anagnostidinema pseudacutissimum and Cephalothrix komarekiana had been previously reported to inhabit freshwater, but these were found to be present in brackish water during the period of the present study. Also, Cyanosarcina chroococcoides previously reported to inhabit moorland waters and swamps, were found to be present in subaerophytic habitat.

Phytoplanktons were collected from various environments including small marshes, small ponds, reservoirs and brackish water from March 2017 to November 2017. In this study, five species of family Scenedesmaceae were newly recorded in Korea. The genus Desmodesmus was newly reported in Korea. The newly recorded species are Scenedesmus nanus, S. praetervisus, Desmodesmus costato-granulatus, D. lunatus and D. spinulatus. S. nanus and S. praetervisus are known to occur in freshwater, but they were found in the brackish water in this study.

Brand equity (BE) previously focused on consumers’ perceptions under brand marketing stimuli, they often used financial performance indicators for evaluating brand value (Aaker,1996;Keller,1993). However the primary stakeholders of a service brand are employees (Brexendorf & Kernstock,2007).Thus, the enhancement of employee- based BE could be an important topic for in-depth investigation in the fields of brand and internal marketing. Morhart (2009) was the first to introduce the concepts of brand-specific transformational leadership (TFL) and brand-specific transactional leadership (TRL) based on employees’ brand-building behavior. Theory asserts that leaders should endeavor to influence employees through the internalization of brand values and a brand-based role (Morehart,2001) . In the process of brand internalization, leaders with brand experience and brand knowledge should also uphold and constantly reaffirm brand values because they're more capable than ordinary leaders to clearly convey brand values (Hoffman,1999). For this reason, brand-specific leadership based on employee brand-building behaviors is the focus of this study. This study adopts hierarchical linear modeling for individual and organizational-level analyses. This research to investigate (1)whether TFL and TRL have directly affect employee-based individual-level BE.(2)whether TFL and TRL have indirectly affect employee-based BE as an individual-level mediator.(3)how managers use brand-specific leadership to elicit employees’ perceived brand value congruence for improved employee-based BE.

말라위는 농업생산성 향상을 위해 관개시설 설치를 적극적으로 확대하고 있는데. 주로 외국의 원조에 의존하고 있다. 따라서 말라위의 효율적인 관개시설 구축을 위해 우리나라의 영산강유역농업종합개발사업(이하 영산강사업) 사례를 검토한 후 정책적 시사점을 제시하였다. 우리나라의 영산강사업은 유관기관들의 체계적인 협업 시스템으로 장기간에 걸쳐 시행되었다. 따라서 말라위의 중장기적인 관개시설 구축을 통한 농업생산성 향상을 위해서는 정부의 강력한 의지와 해당 사업을 주도적으로 시행할 수 있는 기관의 역할을 분명히 할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해서는 법적으로 규정해야 할 것이다. 현재 말라위의 사회경제적 여건은 우리나라의 영산강사업 추진 시기와는 매우 상이하다. 또한 한국의 영산강사업은 중장기적으로 걸쳐 시행되면서 각 과정에서 시행착오를 통한 노하우(know-how) 및 기술이 축적되었다. 따라서 말라위도 영산강사업과 같은 대규모 국책사업을 일괄적으로 시행하기 보다는 테스트 베드를 거쳐 말라위 여건에 맞게 시행할 필요가 있다. 영산강사업은 시행 초기에 환경문제가 크게 부각되지 않았지만, 90년대 후반부터는 ‘환경’에 대한 경각심이 커져 현재 영산강사업 5단계 설치는 중단된 상태이다. 따라서 말라위에서도 이러한 환경문제 및 제반 정치경제적 여건에 대한 면밀한 검토가 필요하다. 다만, 영산강사업은 벼농사를 위한 관개시설 위주의 사업이므로, 밭작물 위주의 관개시설은 그 형태 및 시사점이 달라질 수 있다 . 그리고 우리나라 영산강사업은 장기간에 걸려 축적된 노하우와 기술이 단계적으로 적용된 것으로 , 각 토목기술별로 말라위에 적용 가능한지는 추후 검토가 필요할 것이다 . 이러한 정책적 한계점은 추후 연구과제로 남겨둔다.

Samples were collected between August 2016 and May 2017 at Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk- do, Jeju-do, and Uljin-gun, Gangwon-do. As a result, one genus and six species were newly recorded in Korea. The unrecorded indigenous genus was Borzia, and the six species were Anagnostidinema acutissimum, Komvophoron bourrellyi, Hydrocoleum stankovicii, Borzia trilocularis, Phormidium tinctorium and Pseudanabaena lohchoides. Phormidium tinctorium and Pseudanabaena lohchoides had been reported to inhabit freshwater, but in this study, these were found in brackish water. It had also been reported that B. trilocularis trichomes are composed of up to 8 cells, but in this study, a maximum of 10 cells was observed.

Rubus coreanus is known to have diverse biological properties, such as free radical scavenging activity and antibacterial activity. In the present study, Rubus coreanus leaf and stem extract (RLSE) was used in boar semen preservation whether it has a beneficial effect on assisted reproductive technology (ART) in mammals. Boar spermatozoa were preserved in Beltsville thawing solution (BTS) in the presence of varying concentrations of RLSE (0-10 μg/mL). Sperm motility, sperm viability, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were examined after 2 days of preservation. The percentage of total motile spermatozoa and progressive motile spermatozoa improved in the spermatozoa preserved with 0.5 μg/mL RLSE. Higher proportions of viable spermatozoa were seen in the presence of 0.5 and 1 μg/mL RLSE than in the control. Intracellular ROS levels decreased when the spermatozoa were preserved in BTS with 0.1–1 μg/mL RLSE. In order to examine the bacterial growth, E. coli was added to liquid semen diluted with antibiotics-free BTS in the presence or absence of RLSE. No anti-bacterial activity of RLSE against E. coli was observed during liquid semen preservation. Although there was no inhibition of E. coli growth, the addition of RLSE might help improve sperm motility and viability during boar semen preservation, suggesting it as a potential reagent for ART in mammals.

We conduct BVRI and R band photometric observations of asteroid (5247) Krylov from January 2016 to April 2016 for 51 nights using the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet). The color indices of (5247) Krylov at the light curve maxima are determined as B - V = 0:841  0:035, V -R = 0:4180:031, and V -I = 0:8710:031 where the phase angle is 14.1◦. They are acquired after the standardization of BVRI instrumental measurements using the ensemble normalization technique. Based on the color indices, (5247) Krylov is classied as a S-type asteroid. Double periods, that is, a primary period P1 = 82:188  0:013 h and a secondary period P2 = 67:13  0:20 h are identied from period searches of its R band light curve. The light curve phases with P1 and this indicate that it is a typical Non-Principal Axis (NPA) asteroid. We discuss the possible causes of its NPA rotation.

이 연구의 목적은 선교적 리더십을 회복하기 위해 교회 리더십을 선교신학적 관점으로 분석하고 적용하고자 한다. 교회 리더십을 성경적, 신학적, 선교적 관점으로 분석하면, 성경적으로 교회 리더십은 모든 열방을 향한 보편적인 성격으로서의 선교적 의미를 담고 있고, 신학적으로 하나님 의 선교 신학은 선교의 주체가 교회가 아닌 하나님이라는 것을 재발견하게 한다. 그리고 선교적 관점에서 선교적 교회론은 교회의 선교적 본질을 다시금 깨닫게 하는데, 선교적 교회론에서 중요한 요소는 바로 선교적 리더십이다. 선교적 리더십의 적용으로서 한국교회의 실례를 들어 창조적, 통전적, 에큐메니칼, 개혁적 리더십의 특성을 이 연구는 다루고 있다. 즉, 창조주 하나님의 능력의 확장으로써의 창조적 리더십, 영혼구원과 사회적 책임을 통합하는 통전적 리더십, 더불어 살기를 지향하는 에큐메니 칼 리더십, 개혁영성을 회복하는 개혁적 리더십이다. 교회의 선교적 리더십 적용은 교회에 하나님 나라를 이루어가는 본질적 리더십의 회복의 가능성을 열어준다.

A total of nine Korean indigenous goats were used in a cross-over arrangement to give nine replicates per treatment, and they were housed individually assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments. Nine treatments were 0, 500, and 1000 ppm of quercetin supplementation in diets by mixing roughage and concentrate with different ratios (RC ratio) of 3:7 (RC 30), 5:5 (RC 50) and 7:3 (RC 70). Nutrient utilizations of dry matter, crude fat and NDF were not affected by neither RC ratio nor dietary quercetin (p>0.05), but the rate of crude protein and ADF increased in animals in RC 70 group regardless of quercetin supplementation (p<0.05). In addition, higher RC ratio increased (p<0.05) N retention and N retention rate. Total VFA, acetic acid, propionic acid, iso-butyric acid, butyric acid, iso-valeric acid and valeric acid contents were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary quercetin. Meanwhile, lower total cholesterol level exhibited in animals in RC 70 group compared to RC 30 or 50 groups, unrelated to dietary quercetin (p<0.05), however other plasma parameters were not influenced (p>0.05) by RC ratio and dietary quercetin. Our results indicated that both RC ratio and dietary quercetin may not directly affect the production indices and immune responses in Korean indigenous goat

Electrical wire explosion in liquid media is a promising method for producing metallic nanopowders. It is possible to obtain high-purity metallic nanoparticles and uniform-sized nanopowder with excellent dispersion stability using this electrical wire explosion method. In this study, Ni-Fe alloy nanopowders with core-shell structures are fabricated via the electrical explosion of Ni-Fe alloy wires 0.1 mm in diameter and 20 mm in length in de-ionized water. The size and shape of the powders are investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and laser particle size analysis. Phase analysis and grain size determination are conducted by X-ray diffraction. The result indicate that a core-shell structured Ni-Fe nanopowder is synthesized with an average particle size of approximately 28 nm, and nanosized Ni core particles are encapsulated by an Fe nanolayer.

목 적: 초음파 세척기의 사용 시간에 따라서 안경렌즈 박막의 변화를 관찰하고자 한다. 방 법: 안경렌즈를 물이 담긴 초음파 세척기 안에 고정시킨 후 0시간, 0.5시간, 1시간, 1.5시간, 2시간을 초음파 세척기를 작동시킨 후 시간에 따라서 안경렌즈 코팅 박막의 변화를 관찰하였다. 안경렌즈 표면은 광 학현미경을 사용하여 관찰하였고, 접안렌즈의 배율은 10배이고 대물렌즈의 배율은 1배에서 4배까지 변하는 줌렌즈를 사용하였다. 안경렌즈의 광 투과율은 광 투과율 측정기를 사용하여 280~780 nm파장에서의 투과율을 측정하였으며, 안경렌즈 표면에서의 접촉각은 디지털 카메라와 스마트 앱을 이용하여 측정하였으며, 안경렌즈의 ITO 박막의 두께 변화는 RF 고주파 송수신 측정 장치를 이용하여 측정하였다. 결 과: 안경렌즈에 초음파 세척기를 30분 한 후에는 안경렌즈 표면이 아무런 변화가 없었고, 초음파 세 척기를 1시간 한 후에는 안경렌즈 표면이 국부적으로 흠집이 나타났으며, 이 후 초음파 세척기를 2시간 할 때까지 흠집이 점점 확대되는 것이 관찰되었다. 평균투과율은 처음 97.85%로 시작하여 초음파 세척기를 2 시간 한 후에는 96.97%로 감소하였다. 접촉각은 초음파 세척기를 30분 한 후 조금 감소된 것을 관찰하였다. ITO 박막의 두께는 초음파 세척기를 안경렌즈에 한 시간에 따라 변화가 없었다. 결 론: 안경렌즈에 초음파 세척기를 1시간 한 후부터는 국부적으로 안경렌즈 박막에 흠집이 생기고 시간 이 지남에 따라 점점 확대되는 것을 알 수 있었고, 안경렌즈 전체적으로는 초음파 세척기 30분 한 후부터 안 경렌즈 발수코팅막에 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있다.