To investigate the genetic variation of high-and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (BMW-GS and LMW-GS), granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) and puroindoline in 24 Korean wheat cultivars. At the BMW-GS compositions, three Glu-A1 alleles, five Glu-B1 alleles and three Glu-D1 alleles were identified. The high frequency of alleles at each locus was Glu-A1c allele (15 cultivars), Glu-B1b allele (16 cultivars) and Glu-D1f allele (16 cultivars). Four alleles were identified at the Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci and three at Glu-D3 locus and Glu-A3d, Glu-B3d and Glu-D3a were mainly found at each Glu-3 locus. Glu-A3d, Glu-B3d, Glu-D3b or c (4 cultivars, respectively) and Glu-A3d, Glu-B3d, Glu-D3a and Glu-A3c, Glu-B3d or h, Glu-D3a (3 cultivar, respectively) were predominantly found in Korean wheats. At the GBSS compositions, 2 waxy wheat cultivars, Shinmichal and Shinmichal1, showed null alleles on the Wx loci and other cultivars were wild type in GBSS compositions. At the puroindoline gene compositions, Korean wheat cultivars carried 3 genotypes, which 10 cultivars (41.7%) were Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1a, 11 cultivars (45.8%) had Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1b and 3 cultivars (12.5%) carried Pina-D1b and Pinb-D1a. These genetic variations could present the information to improve flour and end-use quality in Korean wheat breeding programs.

Flour characteristics and end-use quality of 10 commercial flours produced from Korean wheat (Kcom) were evaluated to utilize information for assessment consumer's satisfaction with Korean wheat compared with commercial flour from imported wheats (com). Two types of Kcom, whole wheat flour and white wheat flour, were found in market. Whole wheat flours showed higher ash and protein content, lower lightness and higher water absorption in mixogram than white wheat flours. Amylose content of Kcom was similar to that of com, but peak viscosity and breakdown of Kcom was lower than those of com. Noodle dough sheet prepared from white flours of Kcom was thinner thickness and higher lightness than those of whole wheat flours. Compared to com, Kcom showed lower lightness of noodle dough sheet. Hardness of cooked noodles of Kcom was similar to com for making noodle flours. In bread baking, Kcom showed lower loaf volume and lightness of crumb and higher firmness of crumb compared to com for baking bread.