M. M. 토마스의 신학방법론은 신학발전과정에서 세 가지 관점으 로 나타난다. 비록 그의 신학발전의 각 단계 사이의 명확한 경계를 구분하는 것이 어려울 지라도, 그것은 그의 적합한 신학적인 틀을 형성하고 있다. 토마스의 방법론적 접근은 그의 신학이 인류학적 접근 에 근거하고 있다. 그는 기독교 신앙이 효과적으로 전달될 수 있기 위해서 도전적인 관계와의 접촉점을 찾는다. 우선 그의 방법론은 인류 학과 벌코프 관점의 소통에서 나타난다. 토마스는 기독교 신앙과 간디 주의와 마르크스주의의 두 이데올로기의 소통을 통하여 남아있는 문제 를 풀고자 애쓴다. 신학과 이데올로기 사이의 소통은 그의 예비적인 필요조건인식에서 나온다. 그는 간디주의와의 소통에서 비폭력의 원칙 은 육체의 힘으로 이해된 힘의 실재에 대한 간디의 근본적인 접근이었 다. 그는 간디의 도덕에 문제가 있다는 것을 알았기 때문에, 그는 마르크스주의의 인식을 사회의 분석을 위한 더 나은 도구로 판단하고, 인도 사회에서 급격한 변화에 영향을 주는 수단으로서 발전시켰다. 사회 현실에 대한 깊은 연구가 그로 하여금 마르크스주의와의 소통을 이루도록 도왔다. 나중에, 종교를 소외의 형태로 이해하는 마르크스주 의적 신학이 종교를 불신앙의 형태로 본 것과 달리 후기 크래머와 결합되었다.

During the last two decades, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcing bars for concrete structure have been extensively investigated and a number of FRP bars are commercially available. However, major shortcomings of the existing FRP bars are its high initial cost and low elastic modulus compared to conventional steel bars. Because of these reasons, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT) in Korea has developed the FRP Hybrid Bar which have the concept of material hybridization for concrete structures, especially for marine and waterfront concrete structures. This developed bar is new type material in construction field, verification of long term performance is very important for commercialization. In this paper, verification methodology on long term performance(corrosion, flexural behavior etc) of FRP Hybrid Bar is suggested.

The TRIZ is promoted by Altshuller of the former Soviet Union. It stands for the beginning of Russian Teoriya, Reshiniya, Izobretatelskikh, and Zadatch, which means theory, solution, invention and problem. The TRIZ problem solving method is a generalized method for the abstract area to find a concrete solution, while the approach of the existing problem solving methodologies directly finds solutions through trial and error for the problems that have occurred. The original TRIZ was spotlighted as a creative problem solving methodology. However, we are unable to distinguish between the 39 parameters of the approach methodology and the 40 inventive principles. In this study, we propose a methodology to apply the weighting to the parameters and the principle of the invention to improve the problem of TRIZ. For this purpose, this study proposes a methodology based on AHP and QFD among industrial engineering methodologies. This result suggests that future researchers will be able to suggest better decision - making methods.

Kim, Deok-ho. 2017. “A Study on the Analysis of the Changing Process of Dialect Distribution with a focus on Methodology of Geolinguistics”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 25(1). 1~26. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of changing the distribution of dialects through a geolinguistic approaches. Traditional studies in dialectology were generally aimed at describing the geographically distributed variation of language. However, with traditional approach, it would be difficult to analyze the complex reason for the changes in dialectal distributions. Since the geographical factor is not the only reason for language change, it is necessary to consider more factors in examining language maintenance and change. To investigate the distribution of dialects and explore its changes, the primary work involves thorough field surveys, and the next step is to draw a language map with well-organized dialect data. The present study employs a field survey method and draws a language map based on the field survey results. The purpose of this paper is to propose geolinguistic methodologies for analyzing the change in the distribution of dialects that can be confirmed on a language map constructed on such a basis. Geolinguistics analysis methods are as follows: 1) analysis by non-verbal conditions, 2) real time analysis, 3) measurement of innovation wave spreading speed, 4) surrounding-zones dialect theory, 5) principles of adjacent distribution and around distribution, and 6) S-curve theoretical analysis.

This study was carried out to extract ginsenosides in by-products from honeyed red ginseng. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions. Based on D-optimal design, independent variables were ethanol (extraction solvent) concentration (30-90%, v/v), extraction temperature (25-70oC), and extraction time (5-11 h). Extraction yield (Y1) and total ginsenosides (Y2) in the extract were analyzed as dependent variables. Results found that extraction yield increased with increasing extraction temperature and time, whereas it was decreased with increasing ethanol concentration. Similar trends were found for the content of ginsenosides in the extracts, except for ethanol concentration, which was increased with increasing ethanol concentration. Regression equations derived from RSM were suggested to coincide well with the results from the experiments. The optimal extraction conditions for extraction yield and total ginsenosides were an extraction temperature of 56.94oC, ethanol concentration of 57.90%, and extraction time of 11 h. Under these conditions, extraction yield and total ginsenoside contents were predicted to be 84.52% and 9.54 mg/g, respectively.

Surge pressure is created by rapid change of flow rate due to operation of hydraulic component or accident of pipeline. Proper control of surge pressure in distribution system is important because it can damage pipeline and may have the potential to degrade water quality by pipe leakage due to surge pressure. Surge relief valve(SRV) is one of the most widely used devices and it is important to determine proper parameters for SRV’s installation and operation. In this research, determining optimum parameters affecting performance of the SRV were investigated. We proposed the methodology for finding combination of parameters for best performance of the SRV. Therefore, the objective function for evaluate fitness of candidate parameters and surge pressure simulation software was developed to validate proposed parameters for SRV. The developed software was integrated into genetic algorithm(GA) to find best combination of parameters.

Columns in existing reinforced concrete structures that are designed and constructed without considering seismic loads generally exhibit widely spaced transverse reinforcements without using seismic hooks. Due to the insufficient reinforcement details in columns compared to the reinforcement requirements specified in modern seismic codes, brittle shear failure is likely to occur. This may lead to sudden collapse of entire structure during earthquakes. Adequate retrofit strategy is required for these columns to avoid such catastrophic event. In order to do so, behavior of columns in existing reinforced concrete structures should be accurately predicted through computational analysis. In this study, an analytical model is proposed for accurately simulating the cyclic behavior of shear critical columns. The parameters for backbone, as well as pinching and cyclic deterioration in strength and stiffness are calibrated using test data of column specimens failed by shear.

In recent years, business environment is faced with multi uncertainty that have not been suffered in the past. As supply chain is getting expanded and longer, the flow of information, material and production is also being complicated. It is well known that development service industry using application software has various uncertainty in random events such as supply and demand fluctuation of developer’s capcity, project effective date after winning a contract, manpower cost (or revenue), subcontract cost (or purchase), and overrun due to developer’s skill-level. This study intends to social contribution through attempts to optimize enterprise’s goal by supply chain management platform to balance demand and supply and stochastic programming which is basically applied in order to solve uncertainty considering economical and operational risk at solution supplier. In Particular, this study emphasizes to determine allocation of internal and external manpower of developers using S&OP (Sales & Operations Planning) as monthly resource input has constraint on resource’s capability that shared in industry or task. This study is to verify how Stochastic Programming such as Markowitz’s MV (Mean Variance) model or 2-Stage Recourse Model is flexible and efficient than Deterministic Programming in software enterprise field by experiment with process and data from service industry which is manufacturing software and performing projects. In addition, this study is also to analysis how profit and labor input plan according to scope of uncertainty is changed based on Pareto Optimal, then lastly it is to enumerate limitation of the study extracted drawback which can be happened in real business environment and to contribute direction in future research considering another applicable methodology.

본 연구는 표면 반응 분석법을 이용하여 곤드레 데치기 최적 공정 조건을 확립하고 각각의 공정으로부터 생산된 곤드레 추출물로부터 총 페놀 화합물, 플라보노이드의 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거능 을 분석하였다. 최적 공정 확립을 위한 데치기 공정 범위로 온도는 70℃ - 99℃, 시간은 70 - 170 sec. 로 하였다. 데치기 공정 후 총 페놀 함량의 범위는 13.00 - 35.48 mg/g 이고 최대 예측 총 페놀함량은 35.48 mg/g, 총 페놀 함량의 경향을 보면 데치기 온도에 따라 급격히 감소하다가 증가하는 것으로 보 여 지므로 온도에 의해 더 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타난다. 플라보노이드의 함량의 범위는 2.31 - 8.38 mg/g 이고 최대 예측 플라보노이드 함량은 8.38 mg/g 이었다. 플라보노이드 함량의 경향을 보면 데치기 시간에 따라 서서히 증가하다가 급격히 감소하는 것으로 보여 지므로 시간에 의해 더 많은 영향 을 받는 것으로 나타났다. DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 범위는 42.10 - 67.14%이고 최대 예측 DPPH 라디 칼 소거능은 67.14%로 측정 되었다. DPPH의 경향을 보면 데치기 온도에 따라 증가하다가 급격히 감소 하는 것으로 보여 지므로 온도에 의해 더 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타난다. 따라서 데치기 공정 최적 조건은 온도 85℃와 시간 150 sec. 로 결정되었다.

The ecosystem is composed of various elements and maintains the function of the system. The characteristics of each ecosystem type affect the culture of the area, so it is necessary to consider ecocultural characteristics when establishing the policy. This study was conducted to evaluate the value based on the distribution information of eco - cultural resources and to find out how to use it in establishing related policies. The target sites were Gyeongsangbuk - do province, and were evaluated using 7 items of natural ecological characteristics and socio - cultural characteristics. The information used in the evaluation was 13 spatial information such as forest map, ecological and natural map, natural park distribution map, and it was ranked according to the utilization of policies such as tourism resource management and administration, and evaluated by the minimum indicator method. As a result of the evaluation, 336 excellent areas were selected. In the selected area, 6 kinds of endangered species from 1,914 observation, and cultural resources were distributed from 194 sites. Since ecological resources and cultural resources are applied to the same evaluation method and expressed in a single scale, it is considered to be easy to use in administrative plans and policies. Further studies such as comparison of evaluation models and subdivision of grades are necessary.

OBJECTIVES : The objective of this study is to propose a capacity analysis methodology for riverside bike-exclusive roads. METHODS: Three steps were performed to develop a methodology to estimate bikeway capacity. First, we reviewed previous studies on the vehicle-road capacity analysis and proposed their applicability to bikeways. Second, two assumptions were made based on the traffic flow characteristics of bikeways: (1) the capacitated state in bikeways occur within a bicycle platoon, and (2) a bicycle platoon consists of more than three bicycles running in close proximity. In addition, it is assumed that the mean time headway of a bicycle platoon represents the characteristics of the platoon. The normality of the mean-time headway of a bicycle platoon calculated using the central limit theorem leads to the development of a method that estimates the riverside bikeway capacity using data collected from two different riverside bike-exclusive roads (Han-river and Anyangcheon). We used a location-fixed video camera to record videos of running bicycles and wrote a special-purpose software program to code the time-headway data from the videos. RESULTS : Time headways from 189 bicycle platoons were analyzed. The estimated mean-time headway of the capacitated bicycle flow is 1.01 s, from which the capacity of the bikeway is found to be 3578 vehicles/h. CONCLUSIONS : The proposed method that estimates bikeway capacity could be applicable to the analysis of short-range congested area rather than planning the number of lanes. In other words, it determines the sections that are temporarily highly congested and proposes appropriate strategies to mitigate the congestion.

한국에서 결핵은 소위 후진국 병으로 인식되어 사라진 질병으로 여겨진다. 그러나 한국은 OECD 가입국 중 결핵 발병률 및 사망률이 가장 높은 국가로 결핵은 여전히 사회적 문제이다. 특히 결핵은 사회적 질병으로서 다양한 사회 ․환경적 요인들이 작용하여 나타나는 질병이기에 이에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 하지만 한국의 결핵 관련 연구는 생의학적 결정 요인 연구에 집중되어, 이외에 발병에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 사회 ․환경적 결정요인 연구는 매우 부족한 실정이다. 이는 결핵 발병의 생의학적 결정 요인과 사회 ․환경적 결정 요인을 통합적으로 분석하고 있는 최근의 세계적 연구 흐름과도 동떨어져 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 2015년 국내 결핵 발병률의 공간적 차이를 확인하고, 아이겐벡터 공간필터링 모형을 이용하여 공간적 차이에 기반한 결핵 발병의 사회 ․환경적 결정요인을 분석해 보고자 한다.

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study is to suggest a specific investigation guideline to decide priority of repairing old concrete pavements that pile up substantially. METHODS : In this study, a principle of division of homogeneous sections was proposed to reflect the characteristics of the pavement reasonably in the specific investigation results. In addition, a checklist and guideline of field investigation were suggested for the old concrete pavement sections, which require inspection toward their durability and structural performance. Furthermore, the items of laboratory test necessary to the old concrete pavement were suggested based on the existing laboratory test considering characteristics of the old concrete pavement. The present condition of the old concrete pavement could be analyzed by the test results. RESULTS: A method of division of homogeneous sections suitable for the specific investigation of the old concrete pavement was suggested. The proportions of distress severity of pavement sections were compared by distress type to figure out the present state of the old concrete pavement. Scaling, durability cracking (or alkali-silica reaction), and longitudinal spalling were selected as the most severe distress types. The detailed positions of the sections were also suggested. The checklist of the specific investigation was categorized by field survey and laboratory test, and its evaluation criteria were proposed. The three types of the sections of durability cracking (or alkali-silica reaction), bridge connection, and asphalt overlay were selected as the sections of the field survey. The compressive strength, void structure, and chloride penetration depth were suggested as the items of the laboratory test. CONCLUSIONS : A fundamental level of the guideline was suggested in this study to resolve the problem of old concrete pavement. Appropriate guidelines related to the repair of the old concrete pavement should be provided by performing additional research efforts.