A HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous determination of six sweeteners (acesulfame-K, cyclamate, saccharin, sucralose, stevioside, aspartame) in children's favorite foods. The procedure involves an extraction of the six sweeteners with 50% methanol solution, sample clean-up using the Carrez clearing reagent and filtering with cartridge filter. The HPLC separation was performed on a Hypersil Gold (150 mm × 2.1 mm 5 um) column using the water/acetonitrile mobile phase (95:5). Mass spectrometric analysis was carried out using the TSQ Quantum Ultra operated in negative and positive ESI/SRM. With this method, good linear relationship, sensitivity and reproducibility were obtained. The spike recoveries of six sweeteners for 2 kinds of foods spiked into 0.4 mg/kg ranged from 87.4 to 114.7%. The detection limits were above 0.02 mg/kg. The method has been applied to determination of six sweeteners in children's favorite foods.

어린이 교통사고 중 사망 및 중상사고와 같은 대형 사고를 줄이기 위해서는 차량이 어린이 보호구역을 일정속도 이하로 주행하도록 제한하는 것이 가장 중요하며, 그 때문에 어린이 보호구역 내에서의 제한속도는 현재 30km/h로 규정되어 있다. 하지만 어린이 보호 구역을 통과하는 차량들의 주행특성을 살펴보면 대부분의 차량들이 제한속도 이상의 속력으로 주행하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 어린이 보호구역 설치 및 운영의 근본 취지에 반하는 것으로 어린이 보호구역이 근본 목적을 달성하지 못하고 있는 것으로 평가할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 서울시의 8개 초등학교를 대상으로 어린이 보호구역 내 시설물 조사와 속도조사를 통해 어린이 보호구역을 통과하는 차량들의 제한속도 준수여부를 파악하여 제한속도 위반에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하였다. 분석결과 조사시간, 차로수, 보도폭, 도로의 유색포장 상태가 유의수준인 95% 수준에서 속도위반에 영향을 미치는 유의한 변수로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 향후 어린이 보호구역 내에서의 어린이 안전성을 더욱 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

We surveyed 821 children (ages 12-15 y) in Daejeon city and Cunngcheong province, Korea for their use of vitamin·mineral supplements (VMS), either over-the-counter drugs and/or health functional foods (HFF). We also considered the significant variables of VMS use, including demographic characteristics, health-related variables, eating habits and nutritional beliefs of VMS by subjects. The frequency of VMS use was 24.8% and, in comparison to counterparts, it was higher in subjects attending middle school (p<0.001), in those living in a large city (p<0.001), in those with a high monthly family income (p<0.05), and in those with high concerns about school performance by parents (p<0.01). Selfhealth concerns by subjects (p<0.05) and concerns about health of offspring by parents (p<0.01) were higher in users than in nonusers. Eating habits of subjects did not affect the use of VMS. Users had a more positive view concerning the potential health benefits of VMS than did nonusers (p<0.05). Most users took VMS when they were healthy (78.9%) and expected ‘disease prevention and health maintenance’ (44.6%). However, most users did not feel any special effects from VMS use (58.8%), and they got their information on VMS through family and relatives (53.9%). Users of VMS preferred vitamin C supplements (44.2%) and Ca-supplements (56.9%). Therefore, the results show that VMS use is widely spread among the subjects, and that use of VMS is influenced by multiple variables and subjective criteria. Therefore, practical guidelines on VMS use for children’s health and growth should be given through nutritional education.

This survey was conducted to monitor the safety of children snacks circulated in a stationary store or small shop around the elementary school from March to October, 2008, in Gwangju. A total of 309 samples was tested. Of these samples, 254 were confectioneries, 41 were ready-to-eat foods like kimbap, 4 were beverages and 10 were the others like fishery products. 259 were domestic products and 50 were imported. By the origin of imported samples, 17 were from china, 6 from U.S.A., 5 from india and etc. We found out that in acid value, 2 cases of fried snacks(3.9 and 4.4) proved to exceed regulatory guidance(2.0). And among ready-to-eat foods, two kimbap had Staphylococcus aureus, and one had Escherichia coli, which microorganism could cause food poisoning.

본 계획은 노후화된 주거지역내 어린이공원 리모델링에 관한 것으로 공원의 면적은 약 1,000㎡이다. 이 곳 놀이시설은 상당히 노후화되고 훼손되어 있어 어린이들의 이용이 적은 편이다. 어린이공원은 어린이들의 신체, 정서, 사회성, 언어, 인지 발달에 중요한 역할을 하는 장소이며 지역의 커뮤니티 공간으로서의 기능을 한다. 따라서 공원 리모델링을 위해 기존 물리적 환경이나 이용자의 이용행태 및 선호를 분석하였으며 이러한 결과를 적극 반영하여 세대통합촉진형 어린이공원으로서 느티나무를 테마로 하는 자연친화형 초록쉼터를 계획하였다. 어린이들이 직접 공원조성에 참여할 수 있도록 프로그램을 운영하였으며 어린이들의 성장단계와 놀이시설의 유행을 고려하여 시설을 선정하였다. 또한 커뮤니티 공간으로 다양한 이용자의 행태를 수용하도록 계획하였다.

This study explored differences between parents and their children in the evaluation of utilization and effects of electronic games. The study also examined conflicts that could be occurred between parents and their children because of the games, and potential predictors of the conflicts. A total of 210 5th and 6th grade students of elementary schools and their 210 mothers were participated in the survey. The results showed that, compared to children, mothers evaluated that games were not beneficial to children and contained lots of violent content. Mothers concerned the potential negative effects of games on school performance among other variables. The results also indicated that the children who highly utilized games, and enjoyed violent games more experienced negative behaviors during game-playing. In addition, children's experiences of aggressive behaviors during game-playing moderately correlated with 'fighting with friends/ brothers/sisters'(mothers' evaluation), 'unbalanced game-playing' (mothers' evaluation), 'the amount of game utilization'(mothers and children's evaluations), 'the degree of violence of favorite games' (mothers' and children's evaluations). Conflicts between children and mothers due to game-playing could be predicted by unbalanced and excessive game-playing, the degree of violence of favorite games, and potential harmful effects on children and school performances.

To provide the research strategy for protection of children’s health from hazardous chemical, we reviewed the hazardous chemicals can be exposed through maternity, children's life style and living environment. Recently, diseases related with children’s living condition were focused as asthma, atopy, childhood developmental disability, congenital malformations and obesity. Children can be exposed to hazardous chemicals through an ambient air, water, soil, food, toys and other factors such as floor dust. Also children’s health was deeply related with a wrong life style and neglectful caring by a lack of knowledge and information of harmful ones at parents and child care center’s nursers. According to the previous study, the chemical risk factor of children’s health were identified as inorganic arsenic, bisphenol A, 2,4-D, dichlorvos, methylmercury, PCBs, pesticide, phthalates, PFOA/PFOS, vinyl chloride, et al. Domestic studies for identification of causality between children exposure to chemicals and resulted hazardous effects were not implemented. The confirmation of chemical risk factors through simultaneously performing toxicological analysis, human effect study, environmental/human monitoring, and risk assessment is needed for good risk management. And also, inter-agency collaboration and sharing information can support confirming scientific evidence and good decision making.

인터넷을 이용하는 어린이수가 급증하면서 가상세계에 접속하는 어린이도 증가하고 있다. 이러한 발전 양상에 따라 가상세계가 어린이에게 미칠 사회적·교육적 영향은 상당할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 어린이들을 대상으로 한 최초의 3D 가상세계인 디즈니 툰타운(Toontown Online)을 분석 텍스트로 삼고, 그레마스의 기호학적 사각형과 행동자이론을 활용하여 기존의 성인들을 대상으로 한 MMORPG와의 차이점을 집중적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 일반적인 게임형 가상세계에서와는 달리 툰타운에서만 두드러졌던 인물구조 및 공간분할의 특성은 개발자 스토리텔링을 철저히 구현하는 방향으로 나타났다. 툰타운의 이러한 특징은 어린이용 가상 세계가 에듀테인먼트 공간으로 발전할 만한 가능성을 내포하고 있다는 것을 보여준다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

목적: 성장기 초등학생의 굴절이상도를 추적관찰하고 연령과 성별에 따른 특성을 분석하여 근시 발생 및 예방에 참고할 수 있는 자료를 얻고자 한다. 방법: 일산거주 초등학생 81명(162안)(7~11세)을 대상으로 24개월 동안 조절마비하 자동굴절검사(Topcon KR 7100-P)를 3회 실시하였다. 결과: 7~11세의 근시 발병률은 24개월 동안 14%가 증가하여 마지막 측정시 53%였고, 전체 대상자의 등가구면 굴절력은 -0.79±0.85D 근시쪽으로 유의한 변화가 있었다. 초등학교 저학년에서 skewness(왜도)는 -1.01±0.25에서 -1.08±0.25로 증가하였고, kurtosis(첨도)는 1.72±0.49에서 1.31±0.49로 감소하였으며, 굴절이상도는 0.09±1.79D에서 -0.72±2.21D로 진행하였다. 초등학교 고학년에서 skewness(왜도)는 -1.02±0.29에서 -0.61±0.29로 감소하였고, kurtosis(첨도)는 2.30±0.57에서 0.84±0.57로 감소하였으며, 굴절이상도는 -1.59±1.79D에서 -2.35±2.52D로 진행하였다. 근시그룹은 정시 및 원시그룹보다 근시 쪽으로 높은 변화를 보였다(p

In this study, we attempted to estimate the association between asthma oriented by indoor air sources and personal exposure by comparing the case (asthma-patient) and control (non-asthma-patient) groups. We selected 27 participants who showed positive response on lung function and methacholin provocation test. We performed environmental survey with 15 and 10 cases during May and June 2007, respectively. There was no significant difference between the case and control groups in the level of formaldehyde and TBC (Total Bacterial Count). In the dust allergen test, the case concentration was higher than the control's, without signifiant difference. In the personal exposure assessment of VOCs using OVM (Organic Vapor Monitor) badge, the case concentrations of Benzene, Toluene, and Ethylbenzene were higher than the control's, but there was no significant difference. The personal exposure of Xylene case study was significantly higher than the control's

어린이 먹거리 안전관리 사업의 일환으로 어린이 식품 품질인증제도 연구를 수행하였다. 이 중 어린이 눈높이에 맞는 친숙한 브랜드 이미지 구축을 통하여 식품자체의 안전성을 확보함과 동시에 어린이에게 올바른 식품선택기준과 기회를 제공하기 위한 품질 인증마크를 개발하였다. 눈높이는 8~13세의 초등학생으로 하였고, “안전한 식품, 바른 영양, 건강한 어린이”라는 식약청 vision에 따라 로고 컨셉은 안심·미소, 인증·검증·보호, 건강으로 하였다. 명칭은 식약청내 공모를 통해 제안된「어린이용우수식품」, 「어린이안심식품」,「어린이우수식품」등 세 가지 안으로 하였으며, 명칭에 따라 총 36가지의 품질인증 로고시안을 제안하였다. 설문지는 이 중「어린이우수식품」으로 디자인된 12가지 시안으로 구성하였고, 초등학교 학부모(331명) 및 어린이(321명)를 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 학부모와 어린이의 선호도를 종합한 결과 시안 8이 16.1%로 가장 높고, 시안 6(15.5%), 시안 3(14.0%) 순임을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로 어린이 먹거리 안전성 확보 사업의 기반을 구축하여 어린이 기호식품에 대한 부모와 어린이의 선택권을 강화할 수 있으며, 바르고 안전한 식품을 선별하기 위한 검증으로 어린이 건강을 보호할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study examined the eye health knowledge of 132 teachers working for childcare centers in Gyeonggi province. There was no statistical difference between age, school career, job career and tests of visual acuity in the childcare centers. The degree level of the teacher's eye health knowledge was high(M: 19.78 point, SD: 2.19, Total: 25 point). But they had low knowledge about eye health in some items. Therefore there is a need for eye health education and eye health education program for teachers working for childcare centers.

This research explores the linguistic modes of animated cartoon programs focusing on such areas as program titles, subtitles, character names, theme song verses and dialogues in the programs aired by three major broadcasters. Among those that surface prominently are the use of foreign languages and unnecessary foreign borrowings in all research areas; the uses of language of explicit violence and sexuality in theme songs; and violations of linguistic norms involving slang or substandard expressions and grammatical errors. Some issues include the use of an inordinate level of violent and pejorative language, excessive occurrence of foreign words and/or foreign borrowings and foreign-sounding non-words (i.e. nonce words), grammatical violations, and the use of lexis inappropriate for the target audience. These aspects are related to the current state of affairs in the broadcasting industry: the separation of production and broadcasting (i.e., most programs are produced by external program-manufacturers, whose major concerns are marketability and viewer interest rather than the inherent quality of the programs). This research calls for concern over the good of young viewers and of regulation and supervision over broadcasting contents.