The objective of this study was to investigate meat quality and nutritional composition of 10 cuts (loin, striploin, chuck roll, chuck tender, short plate, brisket, bottom round, top sirloin, eye of round, and top round) from quality grade 1 beef from 11 Hanwoo steers at Hanwoo Experimental Station of National Institute of Animal Science. The protein contents were higher in top round (Udoon) and eye of round (Hongduke) and lower in loin (Dngsim) and short plate (Abjin) when compared to the other cuts (p<0.05). Whereas the intramuscular fat contents were highest in loin (12.51%), those were lowest in top round (4.14%) (p<0.05). The calories were higher in loin and short plate and lower in top round, chuck tender (Guri), top sirloin (Bosup), eye of round, chuck roll (Moksim), and bottom round (Sulgit) (p<0.05). The cooking loss (%) was 24.38% in loin and it was lower than the other cuts (p<0.05). The bottom round had higher water holding capacity (WHC) and chuck tender had lower WHC than those in the other cuts (p<0.05). In meat color, L* values were higher in loin and lower in top round than the other cuts (p<0.05). Total saturated fatty acid contents were higher in loin and lower in bottom round than the other cuts (p<0.05). In amino acid compositions, top round had significantly higher than those in the other cuts (p<0.05). The iron contents were higher in chuck tender and chuck roll contained higher iron contents than those of the other cuts (p<0.05). In conclusion, the meat quality and nutritional properties were significantly different among 10 cuts in the same quality grade of Hanwoo beef. Therefore, the provision of the meat quality and nutritional information of 10 cuts to consumers could be important for utilization and balanced consumption of different cuts.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the changes of water-soluble flavor precursors in loin and top round from Hanwoo (Korean cattle) beef during aging at 2℃ for 14 days. The glycogen, glucose and lactate contents were not significantly influenced by beef parts and aging. Among nucleotide-related compounds, inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) and inosine contents were significantly (p<0.05) lower in loin compared with top round but hypoxanthine content was not significantly different between beef parts. Moreover, during aging, IMP content significantly (p<0.05) decreased while inosine and hypoxanthine contents significantly (p<0.05) increased. It is concluded that aging highly affected the nucleotide-related compounds among water-soluble flavor precursors in loin and top round from Hanwoo.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of enzyme and yeast extract supplement on growth performance, carcass characteristics and blood parameters in Hanwoo steers. A total of forty-eight 23-month-old Hanwoo steers, with average initial body weight of 545.25±12.60 kg, were assigned to four treatments with three replicates in a completely randomized design. Hanwoo steers housed in four heads group per pen. The treatments comprised of four groups of control (no feed additives), treatment 1 (xylanase, cellulase, and gluco-amylase; 0.1%/concentrate), treatment 2 (β-glucan and mannan-oligosaccharide; 0.1%/concentrate), and treatment 3 (treatment 1+2; 0.1%/concentrate). During the fourth and eighth month, average daily gain and feed conversion rates improved in treatment 1, but in the control this was lower than the other treatments (p<0.05). Real-time ultrasound was used for measuring the live carcass traits (longissimus muscle area, back fat thickness, and marbling score) and the better results were in the following order: treatment 1 > treatment 3 > treatment 2 > control, and extended to carcass grade. White blood cell indices were lower in treatments 2 and 3 and the IgG indices were relatively higher than in other treatments. As a result, levels of xylanase, cellulase, and gluco-amylase were increased from the fourth month to improve growth performance, live carcass traits. Durin

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of L-cysteine on sperm characteristics and oocyte cleavage in vitro in Korean native cattle. For this study, the freezing of diluted semen were added with Triladyl containing 20% eggyolk and/or 0, 5, 10 and 20 mM L-cysteine before cryopreservation. The viability in frozen-thawed sperm were estimated by SYBR14/PI double stain, acrosome damage with FITC-PNA, mitochondria intact with Rhodamin123 and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) level with carboxy-DCFDA by flow-cytometry. The developmental capacity was also assessed with cleavage rates in oocytes fertilized in vitro by frozen-thawed sperm. In results, the sperm viability was significantly increased in 10 mM and 20 mM concentrations of L-cysteine than other groups (p<0.05). In addition, acrosome damage was significantly decreased in 10 mM and 20 mM concentrations of L-cysteine than other groups (p<0.05). The mitochondria intact was also significantly increased in 10 mM and 20 mM concentrations of L-cysteine than other groups (p<0.05). On the other hand, the cleavage rates were significantly increased in 0 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM groups than 20 mM concentration of L-cysteine (p<0.05). The oocyte degeneration of oocytes were significantly decreased in 0 mM, 5 mM and 10 mM groups than in 20 mM L-cysteine group (P<0.05). However, there are no significantly differences among the L-cysteine treatment groups. We suggest that concentration of 10 mM L-cysteine have beneficial impact for sperm cryopreserved in Korean native cattle. This result also could be recommended for artificial insemination program if supported by an improvement in the fertility results and required further study.

본 연구는 국내에서 생산된 주요 동계 사료작물인 청보리 및 청호밀 사일리지를 이용하여 거세 한우의 비육후기(25~30개월 령) 용으로 조제된 TMR의 소 체내 이용성을배합사료 및 볏짚으로 구성된 관행 사료와 비교하고자 반추위 누관이 장착된 소 3두를 이용하여 3 × 3 Latin squaredesign 방법으로 실시되었다. 시험동물에는 비육 후기용 배합사료 및 볏짚을 분리 급여하였거나 (대조구) 청보리 사일리지 TMR (BS-TMR) 또는 청호밀 사일리지 TMR (RSTMR)을 급여하였다. 전체 채취시간에 걸쳐 반추위액의pH, 암모니아 농도 및 총 휘발성지방산 농도는 시험사료간 차이가 없었다. Acetate (C2)의 조성 비율은 사료 급여후 1시간에서 청보리 사일리지를 섭취한 처리구 (BS-TMR)에서 낮은 (p<0.033) 값을 제외하고는 대부분의 채취시간에서 시험사료 간 차이가 없었다. Propionate (C3) 및 butyrate조성비율과 C2/C3 비율 역시 모든 채취시간에서 시험사료간 차이가 없었다. 사료 내 주요 성분의 반추위 유효분해율과 전장소화율은 전체 시험사료 간은 물론 BS-TMR과RS-TMR 간에도 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 대사시험 결과로 미루어보아 청보리 및 청호밀로 제조된 TMR의급여 가치가 배합사료 및 볏짚의 분리급여와 차이가 없는것으로 여겨진다.

Jeongseon-gun had 892 Korean beef cattle farmers, and had 9,180 Korean beef cattle in September, 2010. Average fed cattle by farm was less than 20 heads. The small scale breeding ratio was higher than the case of Gangwon-do and the average country level. Jeongseon-gun tries to increase the beef cattle to 20,000 in oder to increase farm income. The purpose of the study is to analysis the farmer's intention to the increasing feed scale. Data were collected by questionnaire. Frequency analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze. In the results of frequency analysis, about 92% respondents were agreed to expand the increasing scale to 20,000 heads. In order to accomplish the goal, about 63% respondents wanted complex for Korean native cattle breeding. About 62% respondents had intention to increase the feeding cattle heads. In the results of factor analysis, four factors were derived as "Government support", "Infrastructure construction", "Brand development" and "Construction logistics system". In the results of cluster analysis, three clusters were derived as "group that does not need support from the government", "group that needs construction of logistics system" and "group that needs support system".

This study was conducted to determine the growth performance and carcass characteristics of fattening Hanwoo heifers slaughtered at different ages. Twenty one Hanwoo heifers were randomly allocated to three groups (32, 36 and 40 months age), with 7 steers each, respectively. In the result, initial and final body weights were 125.6 and 651.0 kg, respectively. Average daily gain was significantly low at final stage compared with other growth stages (p<0.05). Dry matter intake was the peak at the intermediate fattening stage (p<0.05). The feed conversion ratio was significantly lower at growing stage compared to other stages (p<0.05). In yield traits, carcass weight was greater in 40 months age group compared to other groups (p<0.05). Yield index was greater in 32 months group compared to 40 months of age (p<0.05). Marbling score, meat color, fat color, texture, and maturity were not different among groups (p>0.05). However, marbling score tended to be increased in 40 months age group (5.9) compared to other groups. The appearance rate (%) of meat quality grade more than 1+ was greater at 40 months old group than other groups.

The study was conducted to investigate the comparison of pregnancy rate and transferable embryos produced by genetically superior Korean cows (Hanwoo) of livestock farms. Eighteen Hanwoo donors were superovulated with gonadotropin for 4 days combined with Progesterone Releasing Intravaginal. Embryos were recovered 7 days after the second insemination by flushing the uterus with embryo collection medium. No differences were observed in the efficiency of rate of superovulation in groups A (low nutrition) and B (highnutrition) it was observed to be 100.0% and 87.5%, respectively. The mean numbers of total embryos were 10.8±3.4 and 8.9±2.5, and transferable embryos were 7.5±3.3 and 4.0±1.5 in groups A and B, respectively. The pregnancy rates after embryo transfer were 23.5%, 20.0%, C 80.0% and 55.6% in farm A, B, C, and D, respectively. In conclusion, results suggest that superovulation could be used quite effectively to raise superior Hanwooembryos. However, physical and biological condition of recipients greatly affects the rate of pregnancy.

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of artificial insemination (AI) failure in 1,619 Korean native cows at Gangwon East area, Korea. The average AI failure rate was 37.02% in the cows and the highest rate was 40.85% in Yangyang-city. Based on the parity in the cows, the AI failure rate was 49.14% and 29.91% in the first and fifth parity cows, respectively. Whereas cows until fifth parity were decreased in AI failure, cows with sixth or more parity showed an upturning AI failure trends with the increasing of parity number. AI failure rate incidence according to the rump fat thickness measured by ultrasound was 28.9% and 33.4% at 5 mm to 10 mm and over than 15 mm, respectively. There was a positive correlation (0.2186) between AI failure rate of mother and that of their offspring cows. That is, offspring of dams with high AI failure rate showed also higher AI failure than those of dams having lower AI failure rate. In conclusion, these results indicate that the AI failure rate was closely related to the rump fat thickness, parity number, and conception rate of mother cows. In addition, these results might strengthen the basis to improve the reproductive performance in Korean native cows.

근내지방도(IMF)가 한우육의 품질 및 기능성분에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여, 250두의 한우를 근내지방 함량 에 따라 Low(<14%, n=96), Medium(14～17%, n=83), High(>17%; n=71) 세 그룹으로 분류하고, 7일간 숙성 후 등심육의 품질 및 기능성분을 분석하였다. 한우 등심육의 수분 함량은 IMF와 반비례하였으며, High IMF 그룹은 Low IMP 그룹 에 비하여 낮은 드립 감량을 나타내었다. 기능성 didpeptide 함량은 IMF에 따라 유의적 차이가 없었으나, High IMF 그룹은 다른 그룹보다 낮은 inosine monophosphate, 높은 hypoxanthine, 낮은 histidine 함량은 나타내었다. 불포화지방산 의 비율은 IMF에 따라 유의적 차이가 없었다. 저지방육의 건강지향적 가치를 고려할 때 지나친 IMF를 목표로 하는 육종 및 사양은 지양되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

겨울철에 한우의 추위 스트레스를 경감하기 위하여 개방한우사의 북측 면에 윈치커튼 을 설치하여 차가운 북서풍 또는 북풍을 막아주고 있으나 윈치커튼의 최소 개방 면적 기 준이 마련되지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 한우의 추위 스트레스를 경감하기 위한 북측 윈치커튼의 최소 개방 면적 기준을 마련하기 위하여 수행되었다. 우리나라의 겨울 철 평균 풍속이 2 m/s 정도 되기 때문에 표준 개방한우사를 대상으로 1, 2 및 3 m/s의 풍속을 기준으로 북측 윈치커튼의 최소 개방 면적을 결정하고자 computational fluid dynamics(CFD) 시뮬레이션을 실시하였다. CFD 시뮬레이션 결과에 의하면, 폭이 30 m 인 표준 개방한우사의 경우 북측 윈치커튼의 최소 개방 면적은 10∼15 cm로 나타났다.

이 논문은 한육우 사육두수 주기를 분석하고 이 주기를 기초로 한육우 사육두수를 예측하였다. 이를 위해 일정한 주기를 가지고 정점과 저점을 반복하는 싸인함수를 활용하였다. 과거 한육우 사육두수의 주기는 짧게는 5년부터 길게는 12년까지의 패턴을 보여주었고, 이러한 주기는 시간이 흐름에 따라 점차 길어지는 양상을 보여주고 있다. 싸인함수를 활용하여 한육우 사육두수를 추정한 결과, 모형의 적합도가 0.95로 매우 높게 나타났다. 이 모형을 이용하여 한육우 사육두수를 예측한 결과, 사육주기에 따라 약간의 차이가 나지만 저점의 사육두수는 160∼180만두 정도이고 정점의 사육두수는 320만두∼370만두 수준으로 예측되었다. 이러한 예측결과는 사육두수 불안정성에 따른 농가 소득 불안정성을 내포하고 있어 그에 따르는 적절한 정책이 필요함을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study is to suggest developing plans for 6 beef brands in Kangwon-do. Data were collected by consumer survey on 12th August, 2010 at Daemyung Resort in Hongcheongun. A total of 658 questionnaires were distributed and collected. SAS 9.1 and Excel 2007 were used as statistical packages and ordered logit model was used as a model to analyze the data. From the results of the study the following improvement plans were suggested for the 6 beef brands in Kangwon-do. First, the 6 beef brand agents should use public relation to give information for consumers. Clean image of Kangewon-do and clear distribution process should be stressed for the public relation. Second, promotion is an important tool to discriminate the 6 beef brands with other beef brands. The discrimination by the 6 beef brands should be focused on taste of the 6 beef brands. Third, market segmentation strategies are needed. The market segmentation may be achieved by segmentation of sales places.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of age on the oxidative stability of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) cow beef. The samples of M. longissimus dorsi from 65 and 133 months-old-Hanwoo cows (4 and 3 heads, respectively) were stored at 4±0.2℃ for 9 days. The proximate composition, total myoglobin content, pH value, water-holding capacity and drip loss were not significantly affected by age. At day 9 of storage, the lipid oxidation (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in beef from 133 months-old-cows than 65 months-old-cows. Lower (p<0.05) oxymyoglobin concentration and R630-R580 value and higher (p<0.05) metmyoglobin concentration were observed in beef from 133 months-old-cows at day 9 of storage than 65 months-old-cows. The CIE a*, b* and C* values were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in beef from 133 months-old-cows at day 9 of storage than 65 months-old-cows. It could be concluded that old age decreased the lipid oxidation stability and myoglobin oxidation stability in Hanwoo cow beef.

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of parity on chemical composition and meat quality of Hanwoo cows (n=74, 2-15 years old). The beef loin and top round muscle samples were obtained and divided by 3 groups of parity numbers (G1, 0; G2, 1-3; G3, 4-9 times). Loin and top round from G1 had significantly higher intramuscular fat contents and lower protein contents than those from G3 (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in collagen contents among 3 parity groups (p>0.05). In meat color, G1 was higher in a* values for loin and higher in L* and a* values for top round muscle (p<0.05). The loin from G1 had significantly lower cooking loss (%) than G3, however, there was no significant difference in water holding capacity among 3 parity groups. For top round muscle, G3 had significantly higher Warner-Bratzler shear force values and lower water holding capacity values than G1 (p<0.05). In fatty acid composition, G1 had significantly higher C18:1n7 and C18:1n9 contents for loin, and it had significantly higher C16:1n7 and C18:1n7 contents for top round than those of the other groups (p<0.05). In free amino acid composition, alanine was highest and followed by glutamine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, proline, glycine, methionine. In conclusion, the parity conditions influenced on chemical composition and meat quality depending on different cut of Hanwoo cows, and the parity numbers were related with the age of cows.