The Sphingidae are a family of moths (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidae), commonly known as hawk moths. The hawk moths form a family of over 1500 species of small to very large moths (40-150mm) occurring on all continents except Antarctica. The most conspicuous aspect of sphingid biology is the capacity of the moths for fast, long distance, and often migratory flight. Sphingidae adult are appropriately shaped with narrow wings and a fusiform abdomen. Sphingidae is very popular group with both amateur and professional naturalists, but the taxonomic study of the Sphingidae in Cambodia has been done by a few foreign entomologists. In the present study, we were collected 12 times from Cambodia in 10 area for 6 province. As the results of this study, about 455 species of 289 genera of 18 families belong to Lepidoptera (NIBR, 2009-2014). Of which, about 60 species of 30 genera of family Sphingidae were identified from Cambodia. Most of them are recorded for the first time in Cambodia.

본 연구는 오늘날 직장인에게 요구되는 다양한 역할에 있어 상사부하교환관계와 조직지원인식이 조직 의 행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보았다. 무엇보다 조직유효성을 높이는데 있어 중요하게 인식 되고 있는 구성원의 조직응집력이 어떠한 영향을 미치며 또한 이들 간의 관계에 있어 일과 가정 사이에서 양립할 수 없는 개인의 역할 요구에 있어 느끼게 되는 갈등이 어떠한 역할을 하는지 알아보았다. 이를 위해 조직지원인식과 상사부하교환관계를 선행변수로 선정하였으며, 조직응집력 변수를 종속변수, 그리 고 일-가정 갈등과 가정-일 갈등을 조절변수로 선정하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 조직지원인식과 상사부하교환관계 모두 조직응집력에 정의 유의한 영향을 미치는 것 으로 나타나 조직응집력을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 조절변수인 일과 가정 사이에서의 개인의 역할 갈등 중 일-가정 갈등은 조직응집력에 유의하지 않았으나, 가정-일 갈등은 유의한 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 가정-일 갈등이 조직응집력에 중요한 영향 요인임을 확인하였다. 마지막으로 일-가정 갈 등과 가정-일 갈등의 상호작용항을 투입한 조절효과의 경우 조직지원인식과 일-가정 갈등의 상호작용항 을 투입한 분석만 유의한 부(-)의 조절효과를 보이고 있다. 본 연구의 결과 조직지원인식과 상사부하교환관계가 구성원의 긍정적 태도를 강화하는 영향을 미친다 는 관계를 제시하고 있으며, 개인의 역할 갈등이 조직응집력에 부정적 영향 요인이라는 점에서 의의가 있음을 제시하였다. 하지만 일-가정 갈등과 가정-일 갈등의 조절효과 분석을 통해 오직 조직지원인식과 일-가정 갈등의 상호작용항만이 부(-)의 조절효과가 나타나 조직응집력에 있어 일에서 시작되는 역할 갈 등이 높을수록 조직응집력을 낮게 하는 효과가 있음을 제시하고 있다.

일-가정으로부터의 상충되는 요구로 인해 조직구성원은 갈등을 겪게 되고 이러한 갈등은 조직목표 달 성을 어렵게 하는 요인이 된다. 기존 연구는 일-가정 갈등(Work-Family Conflict: WFC) 양상에 주목하 는 반면 갈등초래의 원인에 대해서는 제한적인 관심을 보여 왔다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자원소모 모형 (Resource drain model)을 기반으로 갈등의 원인에 따라 일-가정 갈등(WFC)을 일-가정 방해 갈등(Work Interference with Family: WIF), 가정-일 방해 갈등(Family Interference with Work: FIW)으로 나누고 갈등의 원인을 시간, 긴장, 행동의 영역으로 세분화하여 구성원의 이직의도에 영향을 주는지 살펴보았다. 아울러 직무특성화 모델(Job characteristics model)을 활용하여 유연근무제에 대해 조직구성원이 느끼는 만족도가 높을수록 시간 통제감과 자율성을 가지게 되어 일-가정 방해 갈등(WIF)이 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 낮출 것이라 예측하였다. 대기업 직장인 143명으로부터 얻은 설문 테이타를 이용하여 상관분석과 위계적 회귀분석을 하였다. 분석결과 일-가정 방해 갈등(WIF)은 이직의도에 영향을 줌을 알 수 있었고, 일-가정 방해 갈등(WIF)의 부정적인 영향을 감소시키는데 유연근무제의 만족도가 높을수록 효과적인 사실도 확인하였다. 본 연구의 이론과 실증결과는 일-가정 갈등(WFC)이 원인에 따라 이직의도에 주는 영향이 다름을 밝혔고, 기업과 경영자들에게 유연근무제가 일-가정 방해 갈등(WIF)을 효과적으로 관리할 수 있는 전략적 제도가 될 수 있음을 보였다는데 의의가 있다.

본 연구는 전문대학생의 스마트폰 사용과 가족의사소통, 자기통제력에 대한 연구로 스마트폰 사용과 가족관계 및 스스로에 대한 통제력 및 스트레스를 살펴봄으로 이 연구를 통해서 스마트폰 사용으로 인한 가족과 대인관계 및 스스로에 대한 통제력과 스트레스를 살펴보고 이와 관련된 문제에 대해 나아가야할 방향에 대해 모색하고자한다. 연구결과 전문대학생의 스마트폰 중독에 미치는 영향은 일상생활에서 스마트폰이 차지하는 비중, 가치관 스트레스, 즉각적 만족추구, 부모님과의 대화시간순이었다. 부모님 과의 대화시간이 적을수록, 일상생활에서 스마트폰이 차지하는 비중이 높을수록, 경제적 문제와 가치관으로 인한 스트레스가 높을수록, 즉각적인 만족을 추구할수록 중독위험이 높다고 하겠다. 이러한 연구결과는 전문대학생의 가족과 학교관계 및 대인관계와 스스로에 따른 지원전략과 프로그램이 필요하다고 할 수 있겠다.

The research aimed to provide accurate and basic data comparing different perceptions of head family’s food and food for religious ceremonies depending on age with the goal of sustaining traditional Korean food in the future. The gender distribution of the participants was 274 Males (42.5%) and 370 Females (57.5%). Age distribution was 211 participants (32.7%) in their 20s, 215 participants (33.3%) in their 30 to 40s, and 220 participants (34%) in their 50 to 60s. The older generation appeared to beaware of the definition of head family or 'The eldest’s house of head family’ as well as the concept of one’s family five generations ago with more reductive and emphasis than imaginary concept of head family of the younger generation. The image of the head family was perceived as ‘head family’s food’ in younger generations and as ‘eldest son’ in older generations. Family role and meaning most often manifested as ‘succession of tradition’ and ‘cultural symbols’ in younger generations, respectively, whereas older generations responded ‘hallmark of the head family’. Family ancestral rites and head family’s food had positive effects on awareness of head family’s food. Moreover, those with experience in practicing family ancestral rites responded that head family’s food should be more popular. People who viewed family’s food more positively were more open with the idea thathead family’s food could go mainstream. In conclusion, positive perception of head family’s food and traditional pride are crucial environmental factors in public support of popularizing head family's food to the public.

The purpose of this study was to compare the degree nutrient intake, health status and other characteristics of females aged 65 years and over in a longevity area according to family arrangement. For analysis, 585 female elderly were recruited from the Kugoksoondam area (Kurye, Goksung, Soonchang and Damyang counties), known as the longevity-belt region in Jeonla province, Korea. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to family arrangement (living alone, living with spouse only and living with family). Demographic characteristics were collected, as well as information on physical measurements, blood tests for biochemical indicators, health status and health-related life style, dietary behavior, favorite food groups, consumption frequency of food groups, nutrient intake and mini nutrition assessment. In the group living with their spouse only, the highest education, physical activity, diverse food intake, frequency of eating meats and fish, energy and nutrients intake, and score on the mininutrient status assessment (MNA) were found to be significantly favorable factors. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the group living with their spouse only had relatively superior nutrient intake and the quality of diet. In contrast, the group living alone showed the lowest self-rated economic status, diversity of food intake, and physical activity, with the highest frequency of drinking, smoking and regular exercise for almost everyday compared with the other groups. On the other hand, those living with family demonstrated the lowest intake of supplements or functional foods, and levels of hemoglobin hematocrit MCH, but the highest HBA1c and blood sugar. Therefore, the group living with family was assumed to be at risk of anemia and diabetes. These results could be useful to plan effective strategies to increase the health-life expectancy of Korean elderly people living in rural areas, according to family arrangement.

In this study, the following four species are reported for the first time in Korea: Diplopseustis perieresalis (Walker, 1859), Dolicharthria bruguieralis (Duponchel, 1833), Herpetogramma ochrimaculale (South, 1901), and Omiodes diemenalis (Guenée, 1854). All of the known species were enumerated with their available information including the collecting localities, host plants, illustrations of adults, and genitalia.

일과 가정의 상호관계 관련 그동안의 연구들은 주로 일과 가정 강 부정적 관계에 주로 초점을 맞추었으며 이는 전통적으로 일-가정 갈등으로 개념화되었다. 그러나 최근들어 일과 가정 간 긍정적 상호작용인 일가정확충에 관한 연구자들의 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 일-가정 갈등 뿐 아니라 일-가정확충에도 주목하여, 가족친화문화인식이 사회복지사의 직무만족과 조직몰입에 미치는 영향이 어떠한지, 그리고 일-가정갈등과 일-가정확충이 매개효과를 갖는지 살펴보는 연구이다. 이를 통해 사회복지사의 긍정적 직무태도 형성을 위한 인적자원관리 측면의 시사점을 도출하고자 이루어졌다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 2011년 9월 15일부터 9월 30일까지 A광역시에 소재한 민간 사회복지시설ㆍ기관에 근무하는 사회복지사를 대상으로 우편설문조사를 실시하였다. 총 1,621부의 설문지가 배포되었고, 이 중 952부가 회수되었으며, 회수된 설문지 중 889부를 중심으로 최종 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 사회복지사의 가족친화 문화인식은 직무만족과 조직몰입에 직접적 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 일-가정갈등과 일-가정확충은 사회복지사의 가족친화문화인식과 직무태도(직무만족, 조직몰입)를 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 바탕으로, 일-가정갈등과 일-가정확충과 관련한 사회복지시설ㆍ기관 운영 및 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 하였다.

This study was to investigate the influence of parent attachment, perception and attitudes about family mealtime on the smart phone addiction in adolescents. Study variables were attachment to father, attachment to mother, and perception and attitudes about family mealtimes. Middle school student in Seoul and Kyounggi province participated and total 596 questionnaire were analysed. SPSS WIN 18.0 were used in data analysis. As study results, significant factors influence on smart phone addiction were attachment to father, perception and attitudes about family mealtimes, frequence of family mealtimes, gender, grade, and use of SNS. These variables explained adolescents' smart phone addiction for 28.9% and perception and attitudes about family mealtimes were the variable which show the highest explanation. Smart phone addiction was higher as lower an attachment to father, as lower perception and attitudes about family mealtimes, as lower the frequency of family mealtimes, female student, 3rd grade, and as more use of SNS. It is suggested to develop programs and strategies to increase attachment to father, frequency of family mealtime and perception and attitudes about family mealtimes.

본 연구는 정신장애인 주거시설의 효과성을 검증하고자 정신장애인 주거시설 서비스 이용여부에 따른 가족의 보호부담과 가족태도에 미치는 영향에 대한 조사하였다. 연구결과를 통한 논의와 제언은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정신장애인 주거시설에 대한 양적 확대에 대한 정부의 지원이 요구된다. 주거시설이 정신장애인 가족의 보호부담을 감소시키고 정신장애인가족의 삶의 질을 높일 수 있다면 가족과 정신장애인 모두에게 긍정적인 영향을 끼칠 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 둘째, 주거시설이 전국에 고르게 분포되어야 한다. 연구 결과에서 볼 수 있듯이 주거시설의 필요성은 주거시설 이용여부와 관계없이 정신장애인 가족에게 높게 인식되고 있으므로 모든 지역의 정신장애인 가족이 주거시설서비스를 받을 권리를 보장하여야 한다. 현재, 주거시설 분포 지역격차가 심한 편이므로 주거시설서비스 제공에 대한 지역적 편차를 줄일 수 있어야 한다. 셋째, 주거시설 서비스에 대한 보완이 필요하다. 주거시설 입소기간 최장 3년이라는 규정사항을 보완하여 정신장애인의 기능과 여건에 맞도록 퇴소기한을 차별화하여야 할 필요성이 있다. 또한, 정신장애인의 욕구와 목표를 개별화하여 생활훈련과 더불어 체계적인 독립준비를 할 수 있도록 단계적인 주거시설 인프라 구축 및 서비스를 제공 하여야 할 것이다. 또한 주거시설입소비용에 대한 개선과 함께 공공기관과 연계하여 정신장애인의 독립주택을 지원하여야 할 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 마지막으로 정신장애인 사회복귀시설의 가족을 위한 가족프로그램의 활성화가 필요하다. 주거시설을 회원의 월별 기록 등을 가족에게 보내거나 외박 시 가족과 긍정적인 경험을 할 수 있도록 프로그램을 개발하고 제공하여 가족이 회원의 재활과 독립가능성에 대해 긍정적인 태도를 보일 수 있도록 개입을 하여야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to look into how alliance discount cards affect customers using family restaurants by analyzing and identifying the difference in brand equity and satisfaction according to the propensity of using alliance discount cards. For this purpose, 407 customers who have used family restaurants completed a questionnaire survey. The study findings indicated that (1) there were significant differences in brand equity and satisfaction according to the propensity to use alliance discount cards. Moreover, it was found that groups with a strong propensity to use alliance discount cards had higher brand equity and satisfaction than groups that did not; also, (2) it was found that there were significant differences in brand equity and satisfaction according to the intensity of dependency on alliance discount cards. The group with strong loyalty to alliance discount cards went beyond the level of strong propensity to use alliance discount cards, of preference, and of use, which were previously proposed. This study implied that from mid-to long-term perspectives, it was necessary to operate a policy for more active alliance discounts as well as to ensure sufficient options for partnership benefits. Furthermore, it was essential to maintain the menu and service quality of restaurants, which were intrinsic factors for elevating brand equity and satisfaction in restaurants among dining customers.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the evolutionary process of Ddeulzip. The subject of this study is a clan family of Euisung Kim in Andong Area. Ddeulzip's evolutionary process in the construction and management is divided into largely three periods. The establishment and changing process of Ddeulzip for Euisung Kim's family are analyzed according to three periods called the early (15~16C), mid(17∼18C) and late(19∼20C). The characteristics of the early period are that they created their own ancestral building form of　Ddeulzip. Those of the mid period are in their strong will not only to preserve their on ancesteral housing but also to make additional construction of Ddeulzip. And during the late period, although the construction of new Ddeulzip was started in the early stage, no more formation of Ddeulzip was made as it approached toward the late stage. And most important point is smaller construction space (gan) dan first time. The residential Ddeulzip of Euisung Kim's family created at the start of Chosun Dynasty can be regarded as an representative example that shows a typical form of housing by noble residents at the time.

This study was conducted to review the Korean Psychidae. In the present study, a total of 10 species belonging to seven genera were recognized from Korea. Among them, three species, Eumeta tamraensis sp. nov., Proutia unhongae sp. nov., and Psyche yeongwolensis sp. nov. are described as new to sciences. All known species were described with illustrations of external and genital characters including ecological characteristics, distributional ranges, and host plants.

This study was carried out to provide accurate identification of Noctuidae, using the DNA barcode. In total, 2,040 adult specimens of 443 species were collected from 13 forest areas in Korea. In this study, we conducted the correct identification using external morphology and genitalic characters. In addition, we observed and compared the voucher specimens, preserved in the major entomological collections in Korea, including Hannam university Natural History Museum (102 species), Korea Forest Research Institute (8 species) and the National Science Museum (27 species) for correct identification. For extracting DNA sequences of the mitochondrial gene COI, the hind legs were detached and sampled with tweezers, providing about 25 mg of tissue sample. We amplified and sequenced the standard DNA barcode fragment of 648 basepairs. As a result, we have complete DNA barcodes for all 331 species. These results will be presented in Forest Pests Information Data Sheets for Noctuidae, containing DNA Barcode information, external morphology, ecological characteristics and phenology.

This study analyzed the problem of internet game addiction of adolescents, which have recently been considered as serious social problem associated with internet environment, in the developmental perspective and relation with family function by using the "research on the actual condition of children and adolescents online games and family leisure 2009." The object of the study is students and parents from grade 7 to 9 of middle school nationwide. For the data analysis methods, frequency analysis and structural equation analysis were conducted by using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 16.0. In the result of the study, parents' open type communication had negative effect on game addiction, and parents' problem type communication had positive effect; among the influences of parents' open type and problem type communications on game addictions, it was shown that family function (family cohesion and family adaptation) had negative mediated effect. These findings indicated that when family played its role properly, adolescents were able to escape from the game addiction, and such influence is very powerful. The result offers significant implications in the modern society where communication with parents is insufficient, emphasizing the need to better communication between family members.

The aim of this study was to review Byung-Kwa-Ryu recipes in old cookbooks of the head & noble family (Jong-Ga). As for details and classification, we examined the materials and recipes of Byung-Kwa-Ryu. To accomplish this, old cookbooks of the head & noble family (「Soowoonjabbang」,「Eumsikdimibang」,「Onjubub」, and「Jusiksiui」) were reviewed. The introduced Byung-Kwa-Ryu recipes numbered 47 total; four from「Soowoonjabbang」, 18 from「Eumsikdimibang」, nine from「Onjubub」, and 16 from「Jusiksiui」. We classified the foods (Byung-Kwa_Ryu) into two categories, Tteok-Ryu (Korean rice cake) and Kwa-Jung-Ryu (Korean traditional cookie), on the basis of previous studies. These were further classified into 11 categories: Tteok-Ryu (Jjin-tteok, Salmeun-tteok, Chin-tteok, Jijin-tteok), Kwa-Jung-Ryu (Yumilkwa, Yukwa, Jeongkwa, Dasik, Kwapyun, Dang (Yeot), and others. The most common Byung-Kwa-Ryu type was Jjin-tteok in Tteok-Ryu (14). The next most common Byung-Kwa-Ryu types were Yukwa in Kwa-Jung-Ryu (6) and Yumilkwa in Kwa-Jung-Ryu (5).

This study focuses on Portraits of the Wyatt Family of John Everett Millais (1829-1896) who was active in England during Victorian Age. Portraits of the Wyatt Family refers to both James Wyatt and his Granddaughter, Mary Wyatt (1849) and Eliza Wyatt and her Daughter, Sarah Wyatt (1850), and these paintings were done for his patron James Wyatt in the early stage of Pre-Raphaelites Brotherhood (P.R.B.). In the 19th century, the British Academy of painting did not move forward from just imitating the works of the past, paying the best tribute to Raphael and Michelangelo and pursuing Joshua Reynolds’s Discourses on Art of 18th century. In criticizing such a stream, P.R.B. came up to the surface in 1848 initiated by Millais, William Holman Hunt, and Dante Gabriel Rossetti with an emphasis on recovering sincerity in painting. In Portraits of the Wyatt Family, it contains various features. In this paper, these specific features are divided into two parts: detailed expression and expression of distorted perspective. It seems that P.R.B.’s belief that thorough observation on small details opens to a window to find the truth in them played as a source to enable detailed depiction. And Portraits of the Wyatt Family distorted the perspective of the high Renaissance traditional perspective. Distorted perspective makes viewers to look at the painting with the same perspective, which suggests a new approach of seeing the picture, not separating the center and periphery in the painting. This study shows that ‘images-within-images’ of the Portraits of the Wyatt Family function reversely from those in traditional art and they are directly reflecting the ideology attached to women in the mid-nineteenth century of Britain. In this paper, it analyzes that ‘images-within-images’ have two different characters at the same time. Thus, this study is significant in that this approach provides a chance to explore the implications in wider extent, instead of just seeing Portraits of the Wyatt Family as family pictures. This study interprets the Portraits of the Wyatt Family in line with the characteristics of P.R.B.. Therefore capturing various hidden meanings from the Portraits of the Wyatt Family and allowing better understanding of the work.

본 연구의 목적은 특수고용직의 가족건강성에 영향을 미치는 노동요인을 탐색적 실증연구를 통해 규명하는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 관련문헌 검토를 통한 개념적 연구를 토대로 특수고용직인 화물자동차운송노동자가 응답한 159부를 대상으로 한 설문조사를 통한 실증연구를 실시하였다. 실증분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 가족건강성에 소득적절성과 노동시간은 정(+)의 영향을 그리고 물량확보가능성과 신체부담은 부(-)의 영향을 5% 유의수준에서 미쳤으며 직무부담은 정(+)의 영향을 그리고 작업위험성과 수직적 갈등은 부(-)의 영향을 10% 유의수준에서 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 주관적 인식에서 노동조건이 낮게 나타났고 가족건강성도 높은 편은 아니었다. 이러한 점을 토대로 화물자동차운송노동자를 비롯한 특수고용노동자의 가족건강성을 높이기 위해서 첫째, 소득이 적절히 보장되어야 하며, 이를 위한 제도의 개선 특히 표준운임제도의 실시가 우선되어야 할 것임. 둘째, 신체부담 완화와 적절한 소득보장이 되는 환경을 제공하기 위하여 노동기본권을 보장해야 할 것임. 셋째, 관련사업자들도 노력해야 할 것임을 실무적 시사점으로 제시하였다. 학문적 시사점으로 첫째, 본 연구가 탐색적 성격의 실증연구라는 점에서 노동요인이 가족건강성에 미치는 영향에 관한 이론적 설명이 필요함. 둘째, 본 연구가 최초의 시도라는 점에서 다른 업종의 특수고용직을 대상으로 반복연구 나아가 매개효과와 조절효과(특히 업종)에 대한 연구가 요구됨을 제시하였다. 마지막으로 연구의 한계점과 향후연구의 방향을 제시하였다.