Measurements were made on morphology of each developmental stages of the chestnut weevil, Curculio sikkimensis, reared in the laboratory and field from 2003 to 2006. The size of egg was 0.8±0.03 ㎜. The escaping larvae were measured, in average, as 98 ㎎ in body weight, 10.65 and 3.99 ㎜ in body length and width, and 1.70 ㎜ in head width. Pupal size of female and male was 7.01 and 6.53 ㎜, respectively. The fresh weight (0.343 g), body length (7.76 ㎜) and width (3.38 ㎜), and head width (1.60 ㎜) of female adults were significantly bigger than those (0.268 g, 7.14 ㎜, 3.01 ㎜ and 1.37 ㎜, respectively) of male adults. Proboscis length (6.53 ㎜) and antennal length (5.47 ㎜) of female was also significantly longer than those (3.56 and 4.63 ㎜, respectively) of male. The larvae of C. sikkimensis overwintered for 1~3 years and their body weight, body length, and body width were decreased. The ratio between proboscis length and body length, the basipodite position attached to the proboscis, and shape of the sex organ on the abdominal end could be used to discriminate sexes.

지구온난화 조건 하에 한국특산식물 섬자리공과 귀화식물 미국자리공의 발아, 식물계절 그리고 잎의 형태학적 변화 를 알아보기 위해 CO2농도(+380~420ppm)와 온도(+3.0℃)를 증가시킨 CO2+온도상승구(EC-ET)와 대조구(AC-AT)에서 실험하였다. 두 종의 발아율은 CO2+온도상승구에서 높았으며 발아개시일 역시 빨랐다. 그리고 섬자리공은 미국자리공에 비해 낮은 발아율 보였다. 섬자리공은 2년 통안 영양생장만 일어난 반면 미국자리공은 2008년과 2009년 한 해에 영양생장과 생식생장을 모두 하였다. 두 종의 식물계절은 CO2농도와 온도가 증가할수록 개업, 꽃대형성, 개화, 열매발달과 성숙시기가 빨라졌으며 잎의 노화 시기는 늦춰졌다. 섬자리공의 잎몸 길이는 CO2농도와 온도에 대한 영향을 받지 않았다. 반면 미국자리공은 CO2+온도상승구에서 높았다. 잎몸 폭 길이는 두 종 모두 CO2+온도상승구에서 높았다. 두 종의 총 잎 수는 구배별 차이가 없었다. 그리고 비엽면적은 섬자리공이 대조구에서 높은 반면 미국자리 CO2+온도상승구에서 높았다. 이상으로 볼 때, 지구온난화가 되면 미국자리공이 섬자리꽁보다 CO2농도와 증가에 대하여 더 민감하게 반응을 할 것으로 판단된다.

CuInSe2 (CIS) thin films were electrodeposited on Mo-coated glass substrates in acidic solutionscontaining Cu2+, In3+, and Se4+ ions, depending on deposition parameters such as deposition potential (-0.4 to-0.8V[SCE]) and pH (1.7 to 1.9). The influences of PH and deposition potential on the atomic composition ofCu, In, and Se in the deposited films were observed. The best chemical composition, approaching 1:1:2 atomicratio for the elements, was achieved at -0.5V (SCE) and pH 1.8. The as-deposited films showed low crystallinityand were annealed at 300 to 500oC for 30 min to improve crystallization. The surface morphologies,microstructures, and crystallographic structures of the annealed films as well as the as-deposited films wereanalyzed with AFM, SEM, and XRD. The defects of spherical particles appeared on the surfaces of CIS thinfilms in the as-deposited state and decreased in size and number with increasing annealing temperatures.Additionally, the crystallization to chalcopyrite structure and surface roughness (Ra) of the as-deposited thinfilms were improved with the annealing process.

Reflection properties, such as specular reflection and diffuse reflection, are very important optical properties for the reflector, which has high reflectance in the display and architecture industry. Calcite is lowcost, nontoxic, and stable over a wide temperature range. Therefore, it is one of the most widely using fillers in many industries and has some advantages over titania as a filler to improve reflectance. However, optical properties, especially those of ceramic-filled composites, have not been analyzed. We studied the reflectance of calcite composites with their surface roughness. The reflectance of the composites was determined using a UV-visible spectrometer. The surface morphology and the micro-structure of the composites were investigated by atomic force microscope. The reflectance of the composites was improved by increasing the content of calcite in the calcite-frit composite. The reflectance is related with the surface roughness in the composites. However, the reflectance depends on the calcite contents in materials with similar surface roughness.

낙동강 물금 지역에서 채집된 동물플랑크톤 중 윤충류인 Keratella 속을 대상으로 10년 전후(1995, 1997, 2005 그리고 2007)의 종조성 변화를 분석하고, 피갑형태에 다양한 변화를 보이는 K. cochlearis의 피갑 크기, 후돌기의 발현 여부 및 길이 그리고 후두돌기 길이의 연도와 계절에 따른 변화를 측정하였다. Keratella 속의 밀도는 봄에 높고 겨울에 낮은 뚜렷한 계절성을 보였다. 군집 내에서 K. cochlearis가 우점종이었으며 상대풍부도는 1995년과 1997년보다 2005년과 2007년에서 높게 나타났다. 연도별 K. cochlearis의 피갑 폭은 유사하였으나, 피갑 길이의 경우 여름에 감소하고 겨울에 증가하는 특징을 보였다. 모든 연도에서 후돌기를 발현하는 개체의 비율이 낮았고 특히 여름과 가을에 출현빈도가 낮았다. 후돌기의 평균 길이는 여름에 짧고 겨울에 길었으며 후두돌기 평균 길이는 겨울에 가장 짧은 것으로 나타났다.

Changes in the surface morphology and light scattering of textured Al doped ZnO thin films on glasssubstrates prepared by rf magnetron sputtering were investigated. As-deposited ZnO:Al films show a hightransmittance of above 80% in the visible range and a low electrical resistivity of 4.5×10-4Ω·cm. The surfacemorphology of textured ZnO:Al films are closely dependent on the deposition parameters of heater temperature,working pressure, and etching time in the etching process. The optimized surface morphology with a cratershape is obtained at a heater temperature of 350oC, working pressure of 0.5 mtorr, and etching time of 45seconds. The optical properties of light transmittance, haze, and angular distribution function (ADF) aresignificantly affected by the resulting surface morphologies of textured films. The film surfaces, havinguniformly size-distributed craters, represent good light scattering properties of high haze and ADF values.Compared with commercial Asahi U (SnO2:F) substrates, the suitability of textured ZnO:Al films as frontelectrode material for amorphous silicon thin film solar cells is also estimated with respect to electrical andoptical properties.

The Black Soldier Fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) was widely distributed throughout Korea. This insect was mainly found in the vicinity of and in cattle sheds, manure sheds, living waste dump grounds, and food waste dump grounds. This fly is a kind of a beneficial fly because BSF adults do not go into houses, they do not regurgitate on human food, they do not bite, bother or pester humans in any way and they are not associated in any way with the transmission of disease. But their greatest attribute lies their ability to eat and digest raw waste. They can devour, for example, a large, raw, Irish potato and others in just a few hours. Unlike many other flies, since the BSF larvae have very powerful mouth parts and digestive enzymes, they can ingest raw waste far more efficiently than any other known species of fly. On this study, to investigate whether feeding strategy of the BSF larvae involves extra-oral digestion or not, and to better understand this process, the salivary glands and a few tissue from the BSF were dissected and subjected to morphological and preliminary enzyme characterization.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Taxol pre-treatment to in vitro matured bovine oocytes, and sucrose and trehalose added to vitrification solution on spindle morphology and embryonic development following cryopreservation. Bovine oocytes were collected from ovaries and matured in tissue culture medium 199 (TCM 199) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), 0.05ng/ml epidermal growth factor, 0.01 IU/ml luteinizing hormone and estradiol for 22h in , 5% , TCM 199-HEPES containing 20% FBS was used as basic medium (BM) to prepare vitrification solution. Oocytes were pre-treated with Taxol in maturation medium for 15 min prior to vitrification. Oocytes were exposed to 1.6 M ethylene glycol (EG) and 1.3M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in BM and then were exposed to 3.2 M EG, 2.6 M DMSO and 0.5 M sucrose in BM or 3.2 M EG, 2.6 M DMSO and 0.5 M trehalose in BM. Oocytes with cumulus cells and oocytes without cumulus cells were considered as control 1 and control 2, respectively and held in TCM 199-HEPES at . Oocytes were frozen using modified solid surface vitrification and were stored in cryotubes in liquid nitrogen for more than 1 week. Frozen oocytes were thawed in TCM 199-HEPES containing 0.5 M, 0.25 M and 0.1 M sucrose in BM for 2 min, respectively or 0.5 M, 0.25 M and 0.1 M trehalose in BM for 2 min, respectively. Immunoflurorescence staining of oocytes was performed to assess spindle morphology and chromosome configuration of oocytes. The rates of cleavage and blastocyst were examined following in vitro fertilization. Normal spindle morphology rate of oocytes pre-treated with Taxol prior to vitrification was not higher than that of other vitrified groups. Taxol pre-treatment did not increase cleavage and blastocyst formation rates, although control groups showed significantly higher rates (p<0.05). Percentages of normal spindle and embryonic development were not significantly different among vitrified groups regardless of type of sugar. In conclusion, Taxol pre-treatment of oocytes before cryopreservation did not reduce the damage induced by vitrification and subsequently did not improve embryonic development following vitrification. Trehalose may be used as an alternative non-permeating cryoprotectant in vitrification solution.

본 연구는 저광 조사 저온 저장 중 광합성유효방사(PAR)내의 각 파장이 토마토 묘의 형태와 엽색 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 10±0.5℃의 온도와 피크 파장이 각각 405, 450, 505, 545, 600, 645, 680, 700nm의 발광다이오드로부터 조사된 3μmol m-2s-1의 광합성유효광량 자속밀도 조건에서 토마토 접목묘를 28일간 저장하였다. 405, 450, 505nm의 파장에서 저장된 묘의 잎은 다른 파장에서 저장된 잎에 비해 직립하는 경향을 보였으며, 특히 450과 505nm 파장에서 저장된 묘의 경우 엽축 생장이 억제되면서 콤팩트한 형태를 보였다. 파장의 변화에 따른 엽색의 규칙적인 변화는 저장 전후를 비교하여 관찰되지 않았으나, 405와 700nm 파장에서 저장된 묘는 엷은 녹색을 나타내었다. 저광 조사 저온 저장 중, 450~545nm 영역의 광조사는 토마토 묘의 직립을 유도하여 외관상 건강한 묘로 인정 받는데 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

친전자성 치환반응으로 제조된 술폰화 단량체, 비(非)술폰화 단량체 및 탄산칼륨을 이용하는 직접 중합법을 통하여 높은 점도의 술폰화 폴리아릴에테르술폰 공중합체를 합성하고, 이들을 원료로 N-메틸-2-피롤리돈(NMP)과 디메틸아세트아미드(DMAc)의 혼합 용매 상에서 직접 메탄을 연료전지용 고분자 전해질 막을 제조하였다. 막 제조 시의 용매 효과에 주목하여 혼합 용매의 부피 비는 0~100%로 변화시키고 공중합체의 술폰화도는 50%로 고정하였다. 이온 전도도 및 메탄올 투과도 측정을 통하여 최종 전해질 막의 기본 특성을 파악하고, 주사전자현미경 및 원자간력현미경분석을 통한 표면 분석 결과와 비교함으로써 이들의 상관관계를 고찰하였다. 막 제조 시의 용매 혼합 비율을 적절히 조절함에 따라 최종 전해질 막의 이온 전도도를 크게 향상시킬 수 있음이 확인되었는데, 25℃의 100% 가습 환경에서 측정된 수소 이온 전도도는 NMP : DMAc 50:50 부피/부피-%에서 최대 1.38×10 -1 S/cm이었다.

Sagassum yezoense (Yamade) Yoshida et Konno is a large fucacean brown alga that occurs in Korea and Japan. The species is one of the most common and abundant marine algae on the east coast of Korea. Investigation on seasonal variation of growth and decline of thalli, reproduction, and morphological features of the species was carried out bimonthly for a target population in Homigot, Pohang, from April 2007 to February 2008. Ten quadrats (50 cm × 50 cm) per every visit were randomly put on S. yezoense beds and, after measuring its coverage, all thalli in the quadrats were collected, and examined for morphology. Surface seawater temperature was in a range of 9oC in February and 22.6oC in September. Coverage was high (74%) in April and low (15%) in October. The average length of thalli was large with 78.2 cm in June and was low 8.6 cm in September. Most of thalli were fertile in June, having male and female receptacles. S. yezoense beds gradually declined from August and small juveniles occurred from October. However, the length of leaves was shorter in June (1.7 cm) than (3.5 cm) in October, and the same was true for leaf width. S. yezoense had germination period from September, and growth period from December, and reproductive period from June. The Pearson correlation coefficient between length of thallus and surface seawater temperature was negative. As a low temperature species on the east coast, S. yezoense will be used as an indicator species for detecting warming of coastal waters in Korea.

제올라이트 분리막을 형성시키기 위하여 결정핵으로 작용할 수 있는 동일한 제올라이트 입자들을 다공성 지지체 위에 균일하게 도포하는 기술을 개발하고자 하였다. 제올라이트 입자들을 수용액에 분산시킨 다음 이 수용액을 튜브형 다공성 세라믹 지지체에 일정 유속으로 공급하고, 세라믹 지지체의 반대편에 진공을 유지하여 일부 수용액이 지지체를 통과하면서 동시에 제올라이트 입자들을 지지체 표면에 도포하였다. 수용액 상에 분산된 제올라이트의 농도, 도포시간 그리고 분산 수용액의 공급속도 등이 결정핵 도포량에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 공급유속이 100 mL/min, 도포시간이 4분인 경우 농도가 0.01 wt%에서 0.3 wt%로 증가할수록 도포량이 0.0019 g에서 0.0208 g으로 증가하였다. 농도가 0.01 wt%, 공급유속이 100 mL/min인 경우 도포시간이 1분에서 4분으로 증가하는 경우 도포량이 0.0004 g에서 0.0019 g으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 농도가 0.3 wt%이고, 도포시간이 1분일 때 유속이 100 mL/min에서 300 mL/min으로 빨라진 경우 도포량이 0.002 g에서 0.01 g으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 도포량이 증가할수록 제올라이트 분리막을 통한 물과 에탄올의 총투과속도는 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다.

The effects of the field emission property in relation to the surface morphology and adhesion force were investigated. The single-wall-nanotube-based cathode was obtained by use of an in-situ arc discharge synthesis method, a screen-printing method and a spray method. The morphologies of the formed emitter layers were very different. The emission stability and uniformity were dramatically improved by employing an in-situ arc discharge synthesis method. In this study, it was confirmed that the current stability and uniformity of the field emission of the cathode depend on the surface morphology and adhesion force of the emitters. The current stability of the field emission device was also studied through an electrical aging process by varying the current and electric field.

Only two species of Eurydema occur in Korea and Japan: E. dominulus (Scopoli, 1763) [= E. pulchra (Westwood, 1837), syn. n.] and E. gebleri Kolenati, 1846 [= E. rugosa Motschulsky, 1861, syn. n.]. In order to prove the above taxonomical change, we focused on three major works (1)morphology, (2)molecular identification and (3)biological experiment (inter-specific copulation, confirmation of fertilization and interbreeding). All the results of these three major works support to confirm new taxonomical change amongst these four species. The inter-specific copulation occurs (E. pulchra_male X E. gebleri_female) in nature, but the eggs from inter-specific copulation are confirmed not to be fertilized as a result of the biological experiment. A new identification key to species occurring in Korea and Japan is presented for the all stages (from eggs to adult).