Grifola frondosa is a polypore mushroom that grows in clusters of oaks. The mushroom is commonly known among English speakers as Maitake, hen of the woods, ram's head and sheep's head. It is typically found in late summer to early autumn. Maitake mushroom is used to treat cancer and also to relieve some of the side effects of chemical treatment (chemotherapy) for cancer. It is also used for HIV/AIDS, chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS), hepatitis, hay fever, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, weight loss or control, and infertility due to a condition called polycystic ovary syndrome. We have developed log cultivation technique of Grifola frondosa to produce better quality mushrooms and have investigated annual yield characteristics. As a result of the cultivation of Maitake mushroom using oak log, ‘Yipsae1ho’ varieties showed a high yield of 16.0 kg/m2 in the first year, 15.4 kg/m2 in the second year, 9.5 kg/m2 in the third year and 4.6 kg/m2 in the fourth year. The yields were decreased annually. There was no significant difference during the first year to the third year in ‘Dabark’ varieties, but it decreased sharply to 6.2 kg/m2 in the fourth year. Between the varieties, the yield of ‘Yipsae1ho’ varieties was 45.4 kg/m2 totally, which was somewhat higher than that of ‘Darbak’ varieties, 42.6 kg/m2.

This study was conducted to clarify the effect of high temperature during winter period(autumn sowing) and spring sowing on yield, quality and growth and development in barley. The varieties used for the experiments were heenchalssalbori and keunalbori 1 having a strong spring habit characteristics. In spring sowing treatment, spikelet differentiation was proceeded rapidly and tillering was proceeded slowly compared to the development stage, because the barley sowed at spring is cultivated in high temperature and long day conditions from sowing to spikelet differentiation stage compared with autumn sowing(control). And in high temperature treatment during winter period, like spring sowing, tillering was inhibited compared to the development stage. The number of grain per panicle and the period required to heading stage from spikelet differentiation were reduced largely at spring sowing, because spring sowing treatment was conducted in high temperature and long day condition compared with autumn sowing and high temperature treatment during the period from spikelet differentiation to heading stage. Meanwhile in spring sowing treatment, average temperature during ripening stage was higher than the autumn sowing and high temperature during winter, because heading stage was so late. After all, starch, amylose content and grain weight were reduced while protein content was relatively increased in spring sowing treatment due to difference of average temperature of ripening stage. These changes affected the decrease of viscosity of peak, trough, breakdown and the increase of setback viscosity

본 연구는 딸기 ‘매향’의 양수분 흡수율을 고려하여 개발한 배양액을 검증하고자 이온 조성이 다른 5종 배양액으로 8개월 동안 수경재배하면서 생육과 수량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 2015년 9월 22일 코이어 고설베드에 딸기 묘를 정식하고 1개월 후 다섯 종류의 배양액 농촌진흥청 딸기 배양액(RDA), 야마자키 딸기 배양액(Yamazaki), PBG 딸기 배양액(PBG), 서울시립대 딸기 배양액(UOS) 및 새로 개발된 서울시립대 딸기 배양액(NewUOS)을 사용하여 EC 1.0dS·m-1, pH 6.0으로 1 일 주당 150~300mL 공급하였다. 정식 60일 후 엽폭, 엽병장은 배양액 종류에 차이를 보였으며, 광합성은 RDA와 NewUOS 배양액 처리에서 높았고, PBG 배양액 처리에서 낮았다. 영양생장기 배액의 EC는 공급수준보다 낮은 EC 0.7~0.8dS·m-1, 이후는 EC 1.0~1.2dS·m-1로 안정되었다. 배액 pH는 Yamazaki 배양액 처리에서 6.2~6.8로 높은 반면, UOS 배양액은 5.1~5.2로 낮았다. 영양생장기 배액의 무기이온은 질산태 질소의 흡수가 가장 활발하였으며, 화방전개 이후 칼륨 흡수가 NewUOS, UOS 및 Yamazaki 배양액 처리에서 높았다. 정식 6개월 후 지상부와 지하부 생체중과 건물중은 UOS와 NewUOS 배양액에서 높았으며, 지상부 건물율은 Yamazaki 배양액에서 43.5%로 낮았으며, 지하부 건물율은 NewUOS배양액에서 30.6%로 낮았다. 12월부터 2월까지 수확된 딸기의 과장, 과폭, 과중, 당도는 배양액 차이에 의한 유의성은 없으나, NewUOS 배양액에서는 주당 과수와 평균과 중이 높아 수량이 높았다. 3월부터 5월까지 Yamazaki 배양액에서 수확된 딸기는 주당 과수와 수량이 높았다. 따라서 이온 조성 차이에 따른 배양액 5종으로 수경재 배하였을 때 ‘매향’의 생육은 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 시기별 상품성 향상을 위해 정식 후 ~ 2월까지는 NewUOS 배양액을, 고온과 화방당 착과량이 많아지는 3 월 이후에는 Yamazaki 배양액으로 재배하는 것이 적합하리라 본다.

본 연구는 히터팬 처리에 의한 시설환경 개선 및 참외의 품질 및 수량성을 검정코자 수행하였다. 히터팬 처리에 따른 2017년 1월 1일부터 31일간 터널내부의 일평균 온도는 무처리구의 17.8oC에 비하여 히터팬 처리구에서는 18.7oC로 히터팬 처리구에서 0.9oC 더 높았다. 작물이 자라고 있는 지상 20cm 부위의 풍속은 무처리구의 0.05m·s-1에 비해 히터팬 처리구에서 0.24m·s-1로 4.8배 높았고 온도는 무처리구의 35.3oC에 비해 히터팬 처리구에서는 40.9oC로 히터팬 처리구에서 5.6oC 더 높았으나 습도는 무처리구의 39.1%에 비해 8.1%P 더 낮았다. 정식 51일후 개화율 조사에서 무처리구의 91%에 비하여 히터팬 처리구에서는 96%로 5%P 더 높았고, 첫 수확 소요일수도 무처리구의 86일에 비해 4일 단축되었다. 과 중은 무처리구의 339.7g에 비하여 히터팬 처리구에서 15.1g 더 무거웠고 상품과율도 90.4%에 비하여 3.4%P 더 많았으며 10a당 상품수량도 142.9kg에 비하여 38% 더 증가하여 95% 수준에서 통계적 유의성이 인정되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합 하면 히터팬 처리로 시설내 온도 상승은 물론 공기의 유동이 활발하여 작물생육에 유리하고 수확시기가 단축되고 품질이 향상되고 수량이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

This study was carried out to explore possibilities of cultivating horticultural crops in the air-dome greenhouse in comparison to the common iron-frame greenhouse as the standard. The levels of carbon dioxide and atmospheric pressure measured inside the air-dome greenhouse turned out to be higher than those measured inside the iron-frame greenhouse. Contrastingly, light intensity was relatively weaker inside the air-dome greenhouse due to the air-inflated double layers. Plants of melon and cherry tomato were cultivated from May 2 to August 12, 2016, respectively in the two greenhouses. For melon plants, growth in the air-dome greenhouse effectively increased fruit weight as well as trunk circumference compared to iron-frame greenhouse. Moreover, soluble sugar content of melon fruit was significantly higher when cultivated in the air-dome greenhouse. For cherry tomato plants, fruit yield of cherry tomato was significantly increased inside the air-dome greenhouse. Furthermore, it has been found that the air-dome greenhouse was considerably effective in shortening the growing period of melon and cherry tomato plants in comparison to the iron-frame greenhouse.

The aim of this study was to evaluate different herbicides in corn-soybean intercropping for optimum growth, yield and nutritive value of forage under Korean environment conditions. Herbicidal treatments were randomly applied over five plots, viz. (1) Control treatment: no herbicide; (2) Alachlor; (3) Simazine; (4) Pendimethalin and (5) Mixture of alachlor and simazine herbicides in RCBD have three replications. Results depicted that treated herbicides exhibited significant effect over control of weeds. Simazine herbicide alone or mixed with alachlor had adverse effects on soybean but enhanced (p<0.05) corn production in terms of survivability, dry matter and digestible nutrients yield. Corn-soybean coupling and total dry matter yield were greater (p<0.05) in pendimethalin. Simazine-alachlor mixture reduced (p<0.05) soybean height. Conclusively, simazine could not be suitable for corn soybean intercropping because of having an adverse effect on soybean component. Pendimethalin could maintain growth and yield of corn and soybean both components. Effect of alachlor was comparable to that of pendimethalin.

Corn is basal forage for livestock species in Republic of Korea but it lacks protein and needs nitrogenous fertilizer. This study was designed with main objective to achieve optimum growth, yield & nutritive value of forage for livestock through implementing corn-soybean intercropping strategy at 17 different places under Korean condition. Two treatments; corn as monocrop (control treatment) and corn-soybean intercrop were compared under Randomized Block Design from 28th May to 8th October, 2015. Each treatment had three replicates in each block, whereas seventeen different places were considered as blocks. Data were analyzed through SAS-9.1.3 software. Difference between two treatment means was tested through T-test. Findings depicted that intercropping pattern could not influence (P>0.05) corn plant & ear height, corn lodged stalk No. and corn stalks number. However, corn-soybean intercropping enhanced (P<0.05) forage productivity in terms of total fresh yield (16.4±0.7b vs. 19.9±0.7a tons ha-1), total dry matter yield (5.38±0.25b vs. 6.41±0.31a tons ha-1) and total digestible nutrients yield (3.94±0.17b vs. 4.59±0.21a tons ha-1). Dry matter percentage in corn stalks and corn ears was not different (P>0.05) between two treatments. It was concluded that corn-soybean intercropping strategy was promising technique in enhancing forage productivity though positive symbiotic relation between two crops.

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of feed withdrawal on gastrointestinal weight, digestive condition, and carcass yield. The effects were studied in 36 HANWOO and 245 pigs. The weight of the gastrointestinal tract decreased with fasting time in both HANWOO and pigs. No significant differences in weight of HANWOO stomachs, intestinal tracts, and carcass yields were observed throughout the experimentals. Among pigs, significant differences in gastrointestinal tract weight were observed when comparing short fasting time (4 h) with long fasting time (above 12 h) (p<0.05). HANWOO and pigs showed no significant differences in carcass yield during fasting times. These results suggested that feed withdrawal for 16 and 12 hours is appropriate for HANWOO and pigs.

To select the forage millet variety suitable for cultivation in the reclaimed tideland, forage and feed value compared for 16 millet cultivars grown at the Saemangyem reclaimed tideland, Korea, from April to August in 2014-2015. In order to select barnyard millet for forage that substitute rice, a total of 16 germplasm were collected, including germplasm in retained by the Rudal Development Administration’s Agricultural Genetic Resources Center, and domestic and foreign germplasm which other researches were retaining in Korea. Out of the 16 germplasm, including Jeju barnyard grass (JBG), were initially selected which are late-heading, long plant height, wide leaves, seed shatter-resistant, and with high dry forage yield in Saemangyem reclaimed tideland. The highest fresh weight and dry weight of barnyard millet were 78.4 ton ha-1, and 21.1ton ha-1 in transplanting May 10. The content of proline was the highest in JBG and IT153610 variety. Total phenol contents were the highest in JBG and the lowest in PI183332 variety, but very high in yield ability were selected; JBG was selected.

This study was aimed to find yield prediction model of Italian ryegrass using climate big data and geographic information. After that, mapping the predicted yield results using Geographic Information System (GIS) as follows; First, forage data were collected; second, the climate information, which was matched with forage data according to year and location, was gathered from the Korean Metrology Administration (KMA) as big data; third, the climate layers used for GIS were constructed; fourth, the yield prediction equation was estimated for the climate layers. Finally, the prediction model was evaluated in aspect of fitness and accuracy. As a result, the fitness of the model (R2) was between 27% to 95% in relation to cultivated locations. In Suwon (n=321), the model was; DMY = 158.63AGD –8.82AAT +169.09SGD - 8.03SAT +184.59SRD -13,352.24 (DMY: Dry Matter Yield, AGD: Autumnal Growing Days, SGD: Spring Growing Days, SAT: Spring Accumulated Temperature, SRD: Spring Rainfall Days). Furthermore, DMY was predicted as 9,790±120 (kg/ha) for the mean DMY(9,790 kg/ha). During mapping, the yield of inland areas were relatively greater than that of coastal areas except of Jeju Island, furthermore, northeastern areas, which was mountainous, had lain no cultivations due to weak cold tolerance. In this study, even though the yield prediction modeling and mapping were only performed in several particular locations limited to the data situation as a startup research in the Republic of Korea.

본 실험은 순환식 수경재배에서 배지 재사용이 여름 파프리카의 생육 및 착과에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 시험구는 30% 배액 재사용을 기준으로 새배지, 1년 재사용 배지, 2년 재사용 배지로 구분하여 4월 18일부터 2016년 11월 31일까지 30주간 시행하였다. 실험결과 생육초기 초장은 2년 재사용 배지가 신규배지 보다 길었지만 이후 역전되어 최종 생육초장은 56.58cm 짧았다. 1그룹 개화위치는 재사용 배지가 새배지에 비해 2.92cm 짧았고, 2그룹 개화위치는 0.31cm 길었다. 생육 초기의 상대적 절간장은 재사용 배지를 사용할 경우 새 배지를 사용하는 것에 비해 생육 후기의 불균형이 심화되었다. 1, 2년 재사용 배지의 생육마디수는 27.4마디로 가장 적었다. 하지만 수확마디수는 시험구간 차이를 보이지 않았기 때문에 2년 재사용 배지의 수확율이 26.8% 로 가장 높았다. 비상품과의 비율은 생육이 진전될수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 생체중은 새배지가 227.7g, 2 년 재사용 배지가 219.2g으로 재사용 배지가 21.2g 적었다. 건물중은 전 생육기간중 4그룹에서 가장 높았는데, 이 시기의 새배지의 건물중은 17.13g, 1년 재사용 배지 18.26g, 2년 재사용 배지 19.28g으로 배지를 재사용 할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 전 생육기간의 평균 수분 함량은 배지를 재사용 할수록 적었는데, 1년 재사용 배지가 2년 재사용배지보다 약 20g 더 적었으며, 이러한 경향은 전 생육 기간 동안 꾸준히 나타났다. 특히 1년 재사용배지는 3그룹 이후부터 다른 시험구에 비해 약 60g 이상 적었다. 결론적으로 코이어 배지를 재사용한 파프리카 순환식 수경재배시 중기생육 이후의 세력약화로 인한 비상품과의 발생을 유의하여 관리한다면 배지의 물리·화학성의 변화 및 병원균 감염에 의한 수량감소와 품질저하 등은 우려하지 않아도 될 것으로 판단된다.

본 실험은 ‘설향’ 딸기에서 정식날짜와 정식전 단근처리 및 정식후 굴취처리가 생육, 출뢰율 및 수확량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 60~70일 묘령의 모종을 9월 7 일, 9월 14일, 9월 21일 정식하였고 단근처리는 전체 뿌리의 25%, 50%를 각각 잘라내어 무처리와 비교하였다. 굴취처리는 9월 7일 정식한 묘를 10일후 굴취한 다음 재정식한 것과 20일후 굴취하여 재정식한 것을 비교하였다. 정식일이 늦을수록 지상부 생육이 억제되고 수량이 감소하였다. 정화방과 액화방 출뢰는 다소 앞당겨지는 경향이었다. 단근처리와 굴취처리는 지상부 생육이 억제되고 수확량이 감소하는 경향이었고 25% 보다 50% 처리구에서 더욱 확연하게 보였다. 단근처리시 정화방과 액화방 출뢰일은 무처리에 비해 늦추는 경향을 보인 반면 정식 20일후 굴취처리에서 액화방 분화를 약 7일 정도 앞당길 수 있었으나 수확량은 무처리에 비해 낮은 결과를 보였다. 따라서 액화방의 분화를 앞당기기 위해서는 강한 근권부 스트레스가 필요할 것으로 판단되나 수량과 생육을 낮추는 요인으로 작용하므로 재배시 신중한 판단이 요구된다.

본 연구는 고온 등숙으로 인해 미질 저하가 큰 벼 조기재배 실시에 적합한 재배법 개선을 위하여 품 질향상을 위한 재식방법을 설정하기 위하여 수행하였다. 재식거리 30×14cm 이앙구에서는 포기당 재식 본수가 3, 5, 7로 증가할수록 초장은 감소하고, 경수는 증가하였으나, 재식거리 30×18cm 이앙구에서 는 재식본수가 증가함에 따라 초장 및 경수가 증가하였다. 재식거리 및 재식본수에 따라 간장 및 수장 의 차이는 적었으나, 재식본수가 적을수록 수수는 적었고 입수가 증가하였으며, 재식거리가 증가함에 따라 수수 및 입수는 증가하는 경향이었다. 이앙구 간 쌀 수량에 따른 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 완전미 수량에서는 재식거리 30×18cm 이앙구에서 싸라기 및 분상질립 비율이 낮아 완전미의 비율이 높은 경 향이었고, 3본 이앙시 403kg/10a로 완전미 수량이 가장 높았다. 재식거리 30×18cm 이앙구에서는 단 백질 함량이 감소하고, 취반미윤기치 값이 증가하여 식미 개선의 효과가 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 종 합해보면, 벼 조기재배에서는 재식밀도가 낮은 넓은 재식거리(30×18cm)에 개체수가 적은 3본으로 이 앙하는 방법이 조기재배에서 발생하는 문제점들을 개선시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In attempt to avoid crop damage through wild bird’s picking, this study was designed with aim to evaluate several pre-sowing soybean seed coatings for optimum yield in corn-soybean mixed forage. It was investigated under four cropping treatments, viz. 1) corn sole, 2) corn mixed with soybean without any coating, 3) corn with iron coated soybean and 4) corn with thiram coated soybean. Each treatment had three replicates and corn sole was control treatment. Pioneer (P1184) and crossbred (PI483463 × Hutcheson) seeds were used for corn and soybean, respectively. The trial was conducted under randomized block design from 5th June to 23rd September, 2015. Data were an alyzed through ANOVA technique using SAS9.1.3 software. Results depicted that survivability of soybean against wild birds damage was found better (p<0.05) in thiram coating which was higher than iron coating and control treatment but later on thiram coating had adverse effects on subsequent growth of soybean plants. Corn stalk height was decreased (p<0.05) in thiram coating, whereas corn ear height was reduced in iron coating treatment. Iron coating enhanced (p<0.05) height of soybean plant (p<0.05) better than that of thiram coating. Soybean seed coatings didn’t influence dry matter yield and nutritive value in terms of total digestible nutrients yield in corn soybean mixed forage. Conclusively, although presowing thiram coating enhanced survivability of soybean plants against wild bird damage but had adverse effects on its subsequent growth. However, soybean seed coatings didn’t influence yield and nutritive value of corn soybean intercropping forage

The objective of this study was to select a model showing high-levels of interpretability which is high in R-squared value in terms of predicting the yield in the mixed pasture using the factors of fertilization, seeding rate and years after pasture establishment in steps, as well as the climate as a basic factor. The processes of constructing the yield prediction model for the mixed pasture were performed in the sequence of data collection (forage and climatic data), preparation, analysis, and model construction. Through this process, six models were constructed after considering climatic variables, fertilization management, seeding rates, and periods after pasture establishment years in steps, thereafter the optimum model was selected through considering the coincidence of the models to the forage production theories. As a result, Model VI (R squared = 53.8%) including climatic variables, fertilization amount, seeding rates, and periods after pasture establishment was considered as the optimum yield prediction model for mixed pastures in South Korea. The interpretability of independent variables in the model were decreased in the sequence of climatic variables(24.5%), fertilization amount(17.8%), seeding rates(10.7%), and periods after pasture establishment(0.8%). However, it is necessary to investigate the reasons of positive correlation between dry matter yield and days of summer depression (DSD) by considering cultivated locations and using other cumulative temperature related variables instead of DSD. Meanwhile the another research about the optimum levels of fertilization amounts and seeding rates is required using the quadratic term due to the certain value-centered distribution of these two variables

본 실험은 순환식 수경재배에서 배액 재사용율이 여름 파프리카의 생육 및 착과에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 시험구는 비순환식 수경재배를 대조구로 하여 폐양액의 혼합비율을 0, 20, 30, 50%로 처리하여 2015년 3월부터 9월까지 25주간 실시되었다. 실험결과 경경은 생육 초기인 1, 2그룹시에는 시험구간 차이를 보였지만 3그룹이상 진전될수록 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 엽면적은 배액 혼합율이 많을수록 작아지는 경향을 보였다. 생육 마디수는 50% 재사용 시험구가 대조구에 비해 1.4마디 적었지만 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 수확 마디수는 대조구가 11.1마디, 50% 재사용 시험구가 8.7 마디로 유의적인 차이를 보이며 배액을 재사용 할수록 수확마디가 적어지는 경향을 나타내었다. 수확율 역시 수확마디와 동일한 경향을 보이며 대조구가 33.2%로 가장 높았고 50% 재사용 시험구가 27.6%로 가장 낮았다. 상대적 생산량은 1그룹에서 대조구를 기준으로 30%, 35%, 45%의 생산량이 감소하였고 이러한 경향은 2그룹과 4그룹에서도 나타났다. 하지만 3, 5그룹에서는 50% 시험구의 생산량이 13%, 5% 증가하였다. 비상품과의 비 율은 0%, 20%, 30%, 50% 재사용 시험구에서 각각 2%, 4%, 4%, 7%로 재사용율이 높을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 초기 생육의 저하로 인한 생산량 감소를 유의하여 관리한다면 중기생육 이후부터는 무기이온의 불균형이 발생하여도 작물생육이 안정기에 접어들어 재사용으로 인한 생육 및 수량 감소를 우려하지 않아도 될 것으로 판단된다.