The performance of ground-based optical structures is highly sensitive to external environments, such as airflow in open space. In this paper, initial aerodynamic data due to ambient air flow were analyzed in optical models designed through knowledge-based design algorithm, and dynamic data acting on optical structures in turbulent flow with velocity of 50m/s were analyzed to present the initial shape design conditions of the structures. The simulation results showed that the maximum pressure, minimum pressure, and maximum differential pressure acting on the mirror are directly proportional to the sweep angle.

The purpose of this study is to suggest structural model and analyze design factors for the development of small greenhouse standardization model. The average dimensions of small greenhouse desired by urban farmers were 3.3m in width, 1.9m in eaves height, 2.7m in ridge height, 5.7m in length. The cladding materials for small greenhouse were preferred to glass, PC board and plastic film, framework to aluminum alloy and steel, and heating method in electrical energy. In addition, it was analyzed that small greenhouses need to develop structural model by dividing them into entry-level type and high-level type. The roof type that was used for entry-level type was arch shape, framework was steel pipe, cladding material was plastic film. On the other hand, high-level type was used in even span or dutch light type, framework with square hollow steel, cladding materials with glass or PC board. In consideration of these findings and practicality, this study developed four types of small greenhouses. The width, eaves height, ridges height, and length of the small greenhouses of even span type, which were covered with 5mm thick glass and 6mm thick PC board were 3m, 2.2m, 2.9m, and 6m, respectively. The small greenhouse of dutch light type covered with 5mm thick glass was designed with 3.8m in with, 2.2m in eaves height, 2.9m in ridges height, and 6m in length. The width, eaves height, ridges height, and length of the arch shape small greenhouse covered with a 0.15mm PO film were 3m, 1.5m, 2.8m, and 6m, respectively.

The manufacturing companies under Make-To-Order (MTO) production environment face highly variable requirements of the customers. It makes them difficult to establish preemptive production strategy through inventory management and demand forecasting. Therefore, the ability to establish an optimal production schedule that incorporates the various requirements of the customers is emphasized as the key success factor. In this study, we suggest a process of designing the simulation model for establishing production schedule and apply this model to the case of a flat glass processing company. The flat glass manufacturing industry is under MTO production environment. Academic research of flat glass industry is focused on minimizing the waste in the cutting process. In addition, in the practical view, the flat glass manufacturing companies tend to establish the production schedule based on the intuition of production manager and it results in failure of meeting the due date. Based on these findings, the case study aims to present the process of drawing up a production schedule through simulation modeling. The actual data of Korean flat glass processing company were used to make a monthly production schedule. To do this, five scenarios based on dispatching rules are considered and each scenario is evaluated by three key performance indicators for delivery compliance. We used B2MML (Business To Manufacturing Markup Language) schema for integrating manufacturing systems and simulations are carried out by using SIMIO simulation software. The results provide the basis for determining a suitable production schedule from the production manager's perspective.

This research has been conducted to design upright parts of hand-made vehicles with the purpose of reducing material and machining cost while ensuring structural safety. Aluminum knuckles were modelled with three parts in order to enhance design flexibility as well as to reduce CNC machining cost. A vehicle model was constructed in CAD program and simulated in ADAMS View in order to estimate joint forces developing during 20 degree step steering condition at 60km/h. The joint forces obtained in the vehicle dynamics simulation were used for the structural analysis in ANSYS and dimensions of knuckle parts were adjusted until the lowest safety factor reached 2.0. The weight of knuckle decreased by 50% compared to the previous version that was designed without the structural analysis. The overall manufacturing cost decreased by 33% due to the reduction in the material as well as the CNC machining effort.

The model predictive controller performance of the mobile robot is set to an arbitrary value because it is difficult to select an accurate value with respect to the controller parameter. The general model predictive control uses a quadratic cost function to minimize the difference between the reference tracking error and the predicted trajectory error of the actual robot. In this study, we construct a predictive controller by transforming it into a quadratic programming problem considering velocity and acceleration constraints. The control parameters of the predictive controller, which determines the control performance of the mobile robot, are used a simple weighting matrix Q, R without the reference model matrix Ar by applying a quadratic cost function from which the reference tracking error vector is removed. Therefore, we designed the predictive controller 1 and 2 of the mobile robot considering the constraints, and optimized the controller parameters of the predictive controller using a genetic algorithm with excellent optimization capability.

This study has suggested an image analysis system based on the Deep Learning for CCTV pedestrian detection and tracing improvement and did experiments for objective verification by designing study model and evaluation model. The study suggestion is that if someone’s face did not be recognized in crime scene CCTV footage, the same pedestrian would be traced and found in other image data from other CCTV by using Color Intensity Classification method for clothes colors as body features and body fragmentation technique into 7 parts (2 arms, 2 legs, 1 body, 1 head, and 1 total). If one of other CCTV footage has recorded its face, the identity of the person would be secured. It is not only detection but also search from stored bulk storage to prevent accidents or cope with them in advance by cost reduction of manpower and a fast response. Therefore, CIC7P(Color Intensity Classification 7 Part Base Model) had been suggested by learning device such as Machine Learning or Deep Learning to improve accuracy and speed for pedestrian detection and tracing. In addition, the study has proved that it is an advanced technique in the area of pedestrian detection through experimental proof.

The most of casual games are two-dimensional based graphic interface and the most of matching-tile game is still gains popularity on many video game devices and variety of smart phones. These game uses two-dimensional Euclidean coordinates and uses rectangle- or triangle-, hexagon-shaped tiles. But recently novel design of casual games are introduced and gains attention of casual gamers. Our research introduces new approach for tile-based game design. It uses hyperbolic model of Poincare model and Weierstrass model for displaying and generating tiles. Our method is general for any configuration of (p, q)-tiling and can be used for new tile based game design. And introduces new tile generation methods for (3,q)-tiling and (p,3)-tiling without redundant tiles. We also proposed interactive movement method of tiles for game navigation purposes.

Safety flight training can be done, through the platform proposed in this paper. This paper designed a flight dynamic model and identified essential functions in order to enable pilots to simulate a training environment similar to the actual. It also design activity diagram, concept as well as class diagram. This paper presents the main features and direction of aircraft to be equipped in the future standard platforms. By design main class of flight dynamic and description. it will help developer to setup the standard platform for aircraft simulation.

본 연구에서는 BES 기법을 활용하여 온실을 대상으로 실시간 에너지교환 시뮬레이션 모델 개발 및 검증을 수행하고 냉·난방부하 산정 및 경향성을 분석하였다. 우선 BES 기법과 현장실험을 기반으로 온실의 실시간 에너지 교환 모델을 개발하였다. 광흡수율, 엽면적지수, 잎 특성 길이 등 대상작물인 애플망고의 특성 값들과 온실 내부 이산화탄소 농도, 광량, 온도 등 실시간 입력 자료를 고려하여 작물 및 토양의 에너지교환을 구현하였다. 모델의 검증은 온실 내부 기온으로 수행하였으며 실측 내부 기온과 연산된 내부 기온 간의 결정계수, 일치도로 평가 하였다. 내부 기온 비교는 결정계수 0.89, 일치도 0.93으로 높은 유사성을 확인하였으며 모델의 유의성을 판단하였다. 개발한 모델과 2005년부터 2014년까지의 기상자료, 대상작물의 생육단계별 적정생육온도를 이용하여 대상온실의 냉·난방부하 산정하였다. 연도별 냉·난방부하산정 및 경향성을 파악하였으며 최대 냉·난방부하 산정을 통하여 대상온실의 냉·난방장치 용량설계의 기초자료를 확보하였다. 최근 10년 치 기상자료를 통하여 평균 최대 난방부하 525,473 kJ·hr-1, 평균 최대냉방부하 630,870 kJ·hr-1가 산정되었으며 대상 온실에 지열, 온배수, 태양열 등 신재생에너지를 활용할 경우 유용하게 활용될 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통하여 온실 내 각 구성요소 간의 실시간 에너지교환을 모의할 수 있었으며 추후 온배수 활용을 위한 저류조, 히트펌프, 축열조 등의 설비를 구현함에 따라 전반적인 냉·난방 시스템의 구현 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한 동적 해석방법을 통하여 재배작물, 생육단계 및 토양을 고려하였으며 온실 에너지교환 모델에 다양한 형태로 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

The up-to-date small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Korea have tried to respond flexibly and rapidly to dynamic business environment and to establish efficient production management system based on information technologies. However, most of SMEs have faced with low applicability of the production management system resulting from high costs of introduction and maintenance. In this paper, a production planning and control system, that is S-PMS (production management system for SMEs), is proposed to solve the problem of low applicability and limited human resources. S-PMS enables production managers to efficiently collect and manage master data with the actual target production systems and explores the bottleneck process by means of simulation techniques to improve productivity. Furthermore, it implements rescheduling mechanism in terms of a variety of process routes. In essence, intuitive dispatching rules and integrated data management of S-PMS improve field applicability of production management system. Consequently, S-PMS is expected to be used as an efficient production management system of SMEs in Korea.

복층터널은 터널을 상하부로 분리하는 중간슬래브를 설치하여 상하층 모두 차량이 통행하기 때문에 기 존의 터널과 지하차도에 비해 더 많은 교통량을 수용하여 도심지의 교통정체를 해소할 수 있다. 또한 지 하공간을 활용하여 건설되기 때문에 지상의 녹지공간을 확보하여 환경을 개선할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 하 지만 국내에서는 복층터널의 설계 및 시공기술이 부족하여 복층터널의 시공사례가 전무한 실정이다. 중간 슬래브는 그림 1과 같이 터널 라이닝에 설치된 브래킷에 지지되는 형식으로, 하부지반에 지지되는 도로포 장보다 그림 2와 같이 교각과 거더에 지지되는 교량 슬래브와 유사한 형식이다. 하지만 중간슬래브의 경 우 그림 3과 같이 지지점인 브래킷으로부터 멀어질수록 차량하중에 의한 처짐이 크게 발생하며, 교량 슬 래브의 경우 그림 4와 같이 교각으로부터 멀어질수록 처짐이 증가하는 차이가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 복층터널 중간슬래브와 교량슬래브의 거동을 비교 분석하였으며, 이를 토대로 복층터널 중간슬래브 설계 기준 정립 시 교량슬래브 설계 기준의 적용 가능성 검증과 복층터널 중간슬래 브 설계를 위한 해석모델 개발의 기반을 마련하고자 한다.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird versucht, das Berliner-Modell von Paul Heimann zu erläutern, um den Deutschunterricht von einem lernerzentrierten Gesichtpunkt aus aufzubauen und zu planen. Das Berliner-Modell möchte helfen, unter Berücksichtigung der je unterschiedlichen Bedingungen und Situationen zu sinnvollen Entscheidungen über das Warum, Wohin, Was und Wie in einer Gruppe zu kommen. Das Berliner Modell hebt sechs Struckturelemente hervor: Anthropogene und sozialkulturelle Voraussetzungen werden als reale Gegebenheiten bei der Unterrichtsplanung berücksichtigt. Sie beziehen sich auf vier Entscheidungsfaktoren Absicht, Gegenstände, Methode und Mittel. In diesem Artikel wird der Unterricht “Zimmer besuchen” mit den sechs Strukturelementen von dem Berliner-Modell je nach dem Lernprozess gelpant und analysiert. Bei der Unterrichtsvorbereitung muss der Stellwert entsprechendes Lernprozesses dem Lehrer klar werden

PURPOSES: The objective of this paper is to select the confidential intervals by utilizing the second moment reliability index(Hasofer and Lind; 1974) related to the number of load applications to failure which explains the fatigue failure and rut depth that it indicates the permanent deformation. By using Finite Element Method (FEM) Program, we can easily confirm the rut depth and number of load repetitions without Pavement Design Procedures for generally designing pavement depths. METHODS : In this study, the predictive models for the rut depth and the number of load repetitions to fatigue failure were used for determining the second moment reliability index ( ). From the case study results using KICTPAVE, the results of the rut depth and the number of load repetitions to fatigue failure were deducted by calculating the empirical predictive equations. Also, the confidential intervals for rut depth and number of load repetitions were selected from the results of the predictive models. To determine the second moment reliability index, the spreadsheet method using Excel’s Solver was used. RESULTS : From the case studies about pavement conditions, the results of stress, displacement and strain were different with depth conditions of layers and layer properties. In the clay soil conditions, the values of strain and stresses in the directly loaded sections are relatively greater than other conditions. It indicates that the second moment reliability index is small and confidential intervals for rut depth and the number of load applications are narrow when we apply the clay soil conditions comparing to the applications of other soil conditions. CONCLUSIONS : According to the results of the second moment reliability index and the confidential intervals, the minimum and maximum values of reliability index indicate approximately 1.79 at Case 9 and 2.19 at Case 22. The broadest widths of confidential intervals for rut depth and the number of load repetitions are respectively occurred in Case 9 and Case 7.

The recent trend in modern systems development can be characterized by the increasing complexity in terms of both the functionality and HW/SW scale that seems to be accelerated by the growing user requirements and the rapid advancement of technology. Among the issues of complexity, the one related to systems safety has attracted great deal of attention lately in the development of the products ranging from mass-transportation systems to defence weapon systems. As such, the incorporation of safety requirements in systems development is becoming more important. Note, however, that since such safety-critical systems are usually complex to develop, a lot of organizations and thus, engineers should participate in the development. In general, there seems to be a variety of differences in both the breadth and depth of the technical background they own. To address the problems, at first this paper presents an effective design process for safety-critical systems, which is intended to meet both the systems design and safety requirements. The result is then advanced to obtain the models utilizing the systems modeling language (SysML) that is a de facto industry standard. The use of SysML can facilitate the construction of the integrated process and also foster active communication among many participants of diverse technical backgrounds. As a case study, the model-based development of high-speed trains is discussed.

From the end of 2000, the era of full-fledged remote college education has opened and online education is evolving rapidly. However, the liberal literary education takes place in cyberspace university level, in most cases, is staying general education. In this paper, we designed EDGE (E-learning Design for Go through effectively a novel on literature class, EDGE) learning model to teach novel using the characteristics of literary education and online education. EDGE learning model proposed in this paper, students can hosts lecture spaces to get in-depth understanding of the literature, can have a variety of literary experience and can interact each other actively. Future research includes developing unique online teaching type which enables literature concept delivering and teaching creative writing simultaneously.