유채의 황 이용성에 대한 영향을 조사하기 위하여 유채 2 품종(cv. Akela, Colosse)을 2.0mM 와 0.2mM 에서 흡수, ATP sulfurylase의 활성과 염조직내의 glutathione(GSH) 함량을 측정하였다. 0.2mM 에서 두 품종 모두 2.0mM 에 비해 현저하게 낮은 흡수율을 나타냈다. 0.2mM 에서 APT sulfurylase의 활성은 어린잎에서 두 품종 모두 증가하였으나 성숙된 잎에서의 활성은 큰 변화가 얼었다. 0

This paper discusses what the basic principle of Korean consonantal assimilation and tensification is and how to teach the two processes to learners. Since some of the Korean phonological changes including these two processes are complicated and cannot easily be seen in other languages, students may face difficulty in learning such processes. It has been claimed that these processes are due to the "principle of economy" in pronunciation. That is, certain consonant clusters or consonantal sequences that are difficult to produce undergo changes in a way to make them easy to pronounce. In this paper I argue against such a claim by adopting the principle of English, which has two different types of consonant clusters, namely "word-initial and word-final clusters". The phonotactic constraints of the word-final clusters in this language, which are opposite to the case of word-initial clusters, have the ascending structure in the consonantal strength between the two consonants. We see that the two consonants in sequence in Korean have almost the same structure. Unlike English, these constraints must be obeyed whether words are simple or complex in Korean. The two consonants that are not kept up to these constraints by the morphological process undergo phonological process. This is the principle of consonantal assimilation and tensification in Korean, and thus, teachers (and also possibly learners) of Korean should recognize the principle to understand the processes correctly.

Inevitably, Korean-Americans have had to suffer an ethnic identity crisis in living between Korean culture and American culture. Sometimes they ask themselves “Who am I? Where do I belong in between Korean society and American society? Am I a Korean or an American?” This is the Korean-American’s trouble and wrestling for ego synthesis in the middle of the American culture. There are bigger gaps between assimilated children and parents who are not readily assimilated into American culture. The author is very concerned about the outlook for the future of the Korean-American family situation, especially in the generation gap problem. As a possible answer to this circumstance, the author researches the missiological importance of Korean-American’s identity education through the use of the Jewish model, who successfully maintains their own identity despite their long periods of Diaspora history. In section 1, the author deals with the nations which have survived and will survive in the future, especially concentrating on Arnold Toynbee’s theory about challenge and response, and the three essences of the collapse of civilization. Another main focus of this section is Jewish education as an important identity keeping tool. In section 2, the author discusses the Jewish and the Korean-American in the viewpoint of assimilation models, especially based on the Gordon, Won-mu Hurh, and Kitano’s analysis about assimilation. In comparison with Piaget’s external assimilation and internal accommodation, Gordon’s social structural assimilation theory is applied to the Jewish model as a good model of the Korean-American’s identity education method, and Gordon’s cultural assimilation theory is applied to the African-American model. Won-mu Hurh’s four models are mentioned in this section. Kitano’s four cells also are dealt with in this section. In section 3, the author deals with Yong-soo Hyun’s vertical culture and horizontal culture as a good answer to the Korean-American's identity question. In section 4, the author handles the role of parents as important teachers of their children. In section 5, the author deals with the role of the Korean immigrant church as an important place of the Korean-American’s identity education. In all sections, the author compares the Jewish model with the Korean-American situation.

한반도 남서해안에 위치한 흑산도 고층관측이 2003년 6월 1일부터 실시되고 있다. 이러한 흑산도 관측자료에 의한 수치예보개선효과를 보기 위하여 광주의 관측자료와 비교 분석하였다. 분석에는 MM5를 기본으로 제작한 호남지방 고밀도 예측시스템을 이용하였다. 먼저 지표면 마찰과 현열플러스의 차이에 의하여 광주와 흑산도의 바람장과 온도장은 다르게 나타났으며, 광주와 흑산도의 자료를 모두 동화시킨 수치예측 바람장과 기상장이 관측과 제일 잘 일치하였다. 강수면에서 비록 강수량은 과소평가를 하고 있으나, 강수시간과 강수구역은 흑산도자료를 포함하여 자료동화를 시킨 경우 관측과 유사하게 나타났다.

페레니얼 라이그라스에서 질소의 공급형태 ( or ) 및 수준 (0.2, 1.0 and 6.0mM)에 따른 질소동화와 탄수화물 대사산물에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 nitrate, nitrate reductase, sugar 농도와 Fructan 농도를 조사하였다. 공급구에서 잎의 생체량은 약간 증가하다가 같은 수준으로 유지되는 반면 공급구에서는 농도가 증가함에 따라 처음수준에 비해 약 25%에서 30% 증가하였다. 공급구에서 Nitrate 농도는 Ni

본 실험은 상추 수경재배시 지하부 환경요인이 상추의 생육에 미치는 영향을 바탕으로 식물공장에서 활용가능성이 큰 상추의 최적 근권환경을 알아보고자 수행하였다 근권부 환경조건으로는 배양액의 pH와 U를 각각 여러 가지 수준으로 실험하였다. pH 3.0을 제외한 pH 4.0~8.0에서 가시적인 생리장해 없이 양호한 생육을 나타냈으나 광합성, 증산량 및 무기이곤 흡수를 고려한 상추의 최적 배양액 pH는 pH 5.5~6.0였다. 배양액의 전기전도도는 0.8~3.6 mS.cm-1 /로 처리하였을 때, 고농도에서는 Ca결핍으로 인한 잎끝마름증이 나타나 품질이 저하되었고 생육과 광합성이 높은 EC 1.2~l.6mS.cm-1 /가 최적인 것으로 나타났다. 이런 결과는 상추 식물공장에서 상추의 주년생산, 공장적 대량생산 및 청정생산 등의 효율적인 재배를 하는데 기여 할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of shading degrees (0:full sunlight, 25, 50 and 75%) on the crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and photosynthetic activity of grasses for obtaining the basic data on the developmen

The effect of coupled data assimilation (DA) on the meteorological prediction in the west coastal region of Korea was evaluated using a coupled atmosphere-ocean model (e.g., COAWST) in the spring (March 17􎂡26) of 2019. We performed two sets of simulation experiments: (1) with the coupled DA (i.e., COAWST_DA) and (2) without the coupled DA (i.e., COAWST_BASE). Overall, compared with the COAWST_BASE simulation, the COAWST_DA simulation showed good agreement in the spatial and temporal variations of meteorological variables (sea surface temperature, air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) with those of the observations. In particular, the effect of the coupled DA on wind speed was greatly improved. This might be primarily due to the prediction improvement of the sea surface temperature resulting from the coupled DA in the study area. In addition, the improvement of meteorological prediction in COAWST_DA simulation was also confirmed by the comparative analysis between SST and other meteorological variables (sea surface wind speed and pressure variation).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of defoliation treatment on the growth and yield of strawberries. There was a remarkable growth in the above-ground part and root of untreated strawberry plants possibly due to higher amount of photosynthesis, while overall plant growth was suppressed as the level of defoliation treatment increased. In both the “Seolhyang” and “Maehyang” cultivars examined, defoliation treatment resulted in small fruits and a low number of fruits per plant. Notably, 50% defoliation significantly reduced the number of fruits per plant to 8.2, compared to 13.8 in untreated plants. Defoliation treatment also negatively influenced the fruit quality including color, sugar content, and solid-acid rate. However, no significant changes in fruit firmness was observed in either cultivar. Therefore, retaining enough leaves without defoliation treatment can be important to increasing fruit yield, producing high quality fruits and saving labor required for defoliation.

Numerical experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of data assimilation of observational data on weather and PM (particulate matter) prediction. Observational data applied to numerical experiment are aircraft observation, satellite observation, upper level observation, and AWS (automatic weather system) data. In the case of grid nudging, the prediction performance of the meteorological field is largely improved compared with the case without data assimilations because the overall pressure distribution can be changed. So grid nudging effect can be significant when synoptic weather pattern strongly affects Korean Peninsula. Predictability of meteorological factors can be expected to improve through a number of observational data assimilation, but data assimilation by single data often occurred to be less predictive than without data assimilation. Variation of air pressure due to observation nudging with high prediction efficiency can improve prediction accuracy of whole model domain. However, in areas with complex terrain such as the eastern part of the Korean peninsula, the improvement due to grid nudging were only limited. In such cases, it would be more effective to aggregate assimilated data.

In order to simulate a typhoon precisely, the satellite observation data has been assimilated using WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting model) three-Dimensional Variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system. The observation data used in 3DVAR was GPS Radio Occultation (GPS-RO) data which is loaded on Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite. The refractivity of Earth is deduced by temperature, pressure, and water vapor. GPS-RO data can be obtained with this refractivity when the satellite passes the limb position with respect to its original orbit. In this paper, two typhoon cases were simulated to examine the characteristics of data assimilation. One had been occurred in the Western Pacific from 16 to 25 October, 2015, and the other had affected Korean Peninsula from 22 to 29 August, 2012. In the simulation results, the typhoon track between background (BGR) and assimilation (3DV) run were significantly different when the track appeared to be rapidly change. The surface wind speed showed large difference for the long forecasting time because the GPS-RO data contained much information in the upper level, and it took a time to impact on the surface wind. Along with the modified typhoon track, the differences in the horizontal distribution of accumulated rain rate was remarkable with the range of 600~500 mm. During 7 days, we estimated the characteristics between daily assimilated simulation (3DV) and initial time assimilation (3DV_7). Because 3DV_7 demonstrated the accurate track of typhoon and its meteorological variables, the differences in two experiments have found to be insignificant. Using observed rain rate data at 79 surface observatories, the statistical analysis has been carried on for the evaluation of quantitative improvement. Although all experiments showed underestimated rain amount because of low model resolution (27 km), the reduced Mean Bias and Root-Mean-Square Error were found to be 2.92 mm and 4.53 mm, respectively.

Nitrogen in rice paddy soils and utilized as the major source for N-assimilation in rice crops. In roots, transcriptional activities of ammonium uptake and assimilation genes are highly sensitive to the availability of exogenous ammonium. However, little is known about the transcription factor genes that regulated by ammonium supply and its role to roots and plant developments. To study the transcription factor genes that involved in Ammonium response, two weeks old rice seedlings treated using Ammonium from 0 to 3 hours. Total RNA collected from each sample and samples were prepared for Agilent 8x60K microarray system. Based on the microarray data, we select transcription factor genes that highly affected by ammonium and selected knock out mutant candidates that used for phenotype screening.