The purpose of the present study was to examine the seminiferous epithelium cycle of Bombina orientalis using a light microscope. The cycle was divided into a total of 10 stages, according to the morphological characteristics of the cells. The spermatogenetic cells included primary spermatogonia, secondary spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatid and sperm. At stageⅠ, the primary spermatogonia was located closer to basal lamina of the seminiferous tubule without spermatocyst formations. Especially at the stage Ⅱ, the secondary spermatogonia were located in the spermatocyst. The primary and secondary spermatocytes were found from stages Ⅲ to Ⅵ. The secondary spermatocytes were smaller in size than the primary spermatocytes, but they had thicker nucleoplasm and smaller nuclei. The round-shaped, early sperm cells were formed in stage Ⅶ, and further divided at stage Ⅷ to have more concentrated nucleoplasm before division to matured sperm cells. At stage Ⅹ, the matured sperm cells emerged from the spermatocyst. Considering the above results, this study presented the special characteristics in the generation and type of sperm formation. The germ cell formation occurred in various stages, like the perspectives of Franca et al (1999), ultimately, providing taxonomically useful information.

We determined intravitreal levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) in patients with early phase rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). Twenty five eyes of 25 RRD patients with symptom onset from one day to 21 days prior to vitrectomy were selected. Concentrations of VEGF and PEDF in vitreous were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and relationships between these concentrations and durations and involved quadrants were analyzed. Duration of RRD was found to show significant correlation with PEDF concentration. However, number of involved quadrants did not show correlation with PEDF concentration in vitreous.

Aquaporin5 (AQP5), a water channel plays an important role in the fluid homeostasis and cell volume control in epithelial cells. In an effort to understand fluid homeostasis in the oviduct, tissue specific expression of AQP 5 was examined together with hormonal regulation of AQP5 in the mouse oviduct. To understand the oviductal fluid homeostasis and its regulation by sex steroids, We examined AQP5 expression in mouse oviduct during developmental stage and estrous cycle, and in estrogen receptor α (ERα) knockout mice oviduct. In immature mouse oviduct, expression of AQP5 expression was examined after stimulation with gonadotropins. The effect of ERα agonist (PPT) and ERβ agonist (DPN) on the oviductal expression of AQP5 was examined in ovariectomized mouse. All samples were subjected to realtime-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. In oviduct epithelium, AQP5 was largely found in the apicolateral membrane and cytoplasm of ERα-positive non-ciliated cells but weakly expressed in the ciliated cells. Interstitial cells, muscle cells and blood vessels were also weakly positive for AQP5 immunoreactivity. In cyclic female mice oviductal AQP5 mRNA levels were the highest at estrous. In immature mouse oviduct AQP5 mRNA and epithelial immunoreactivity were increased by PMSG, and followed by a decrease after hCG. In ERα KO mice oviduct, AQP5 mRNA levels were significantly lower than those of WT females at diestrous stage. In immature and OVX mouse oviducts, AQP5 mRNA and epithelial immunoreactivity were significantly increased by E2 and PPT. Together, our results suggest the pivotal role of AQP5 in fluid secretion and absorption of water in non-ciliated cells in oviduct. AQP5 gene is tightly activated by estrogen – ERα signaling in non-ciliated cells in oviductal epithelium, mediating the effect of estrogen on gamete transport, fertilization and early embryo development via regulating the fluid homeostasis in oviduct.

The seminiferous epithelium cycle and developmental stages of spermatids in Clethrionomys rufocanus were observed under a light microscope. The seminiferous epithelium cycle was divided into 8 stages. Type Ad spermatogonia appeared through all stages. Type Ap, In, and B spermatogonia appeared in stages Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ. In the first meiosis prophase, the leptotene spermatocytes appeared from stage Ⅴ, the zygotene spermatocytes in stages Ⅰ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ, the pachytene spermatocytes from stages Ⅱ to Ⅵ, the diplotene spermatocytes in stage Ⅶ. The meiotic figures and interkinesis spermatocytes were observed in stage Ⅷ. Developing spermatids were subdivided into 10 steps, based on the morphological characteristics such as the acrosome formation changes in spermatozoa, nucleus, cytoplasm, and spermiation changes. The C. rufocanus spermatocytogenesis and spermiogenesis results displayed similar results with Apodemus agrarius coreae and A. speciosus peninsulae. Considering all the results, the spermatogenesis may be useful information to analyze the differentiation of spermatogenic cells and the breeding season.

본 연구는 흰넓적다리 붉은쥐(Apodemus speciosus peninsulae)의 세정관 상피주기와 정자세포의 발달 단계를 광학 현미경을 사용하여 조사하였다. 세정관 상피주기는 정모세포의 분화단계와 정자세포의 발달단계를 기초로 하여 9 stages로 나누었다. Ad형 정원세포의 경우 모든 단계에서 관찰되었다. Ap형의 정원세포는 I 단계, In형의 정원세포는 II와 III 단계, B형의 정원세포는 IV 단계에서 관찰되었다. 제 1 감수분열의 전기에

제주땃쥐(Crocidura dsinezumi)의 세정관 상피 주기와 정자세포의 형태적인 특징을 알아보기 위하여 조사하였다. 제주땃쥐의 세정관 상피 주기는 12 stages로 구분되어졌다. Ad형 정원세포는 모든 단계에서 관찰되어졌으며, In형 정원세포는 IV단계에서, B형 정원세포는 V단계와 VI단계에서 관찰되었다. 정자세포의 첨체 발달과 핵의 형태적 변화는 14 steps로 구분되어졌다. 골지, 두모, 첨체, 성숙 및 이탈단계는 각각 및 14 step