In this paper, a dynamic centrifuge model test was conducted on a 24.8-meter-deep excavation consisting of a 20 m sand layer and 4.8 m bedrock, classified as S3 by Korean seismic design code KDS 17 10 00. A braced excavation wall supports the hole. From the results, the mechanism of seismically induced earth pressure was investigated, and their distribution and loading points were analyzed. During earthquake loadings, active seismic earth pressure decreases from the at-rest earth pressure since the backfill laterally expands at the movement of the wall toward the active direction. Yet, the passive seismic earth pressure increases from the at-rest earth pressure since the backfill pushes to the wall and laterally compresses at it, moving toward a passive direction and returning to the initial position. The seismic earth pressure distribution shows a half-diamond distribution in the dense sand and a uniform distribution in loose sand. The loading point of dynamic thrust corresponding with seismic earth pressure is at the center of the soil backfill. The dynamic thrust increased differently depending on the backfill's relative density and input motion type. Still, in general, the dynamic thrust increased rapidly when the maximum horizontal displacement of the wall exceeded 0.05 H%.

본 연구의 목적은 정신분석적 관점에서 미술작품이 자신의 내면을 이해할 수 있는지와 자기탐색을 통해 치유적 효과가 있는지 프리다 칼로의 작품을 통해 살 펴보는 것이다. 연구의 접근은 정신분석 미술치료관점 즉, 그림이 무의식의 표현 이며 전이된 무의식의 내용을 해석하고 통찰하면서 치료가 된다는 미술심리치료 의 이론적 입장이 예술가의 작품을 통해 지지되는지에 대한 검증 필요성에 기반 한다. 연구방법은 연구문제를 검증하기 위해 프리다 칼로 인생의 주요 전환기에 그려진 작품을 시대순으로 정리하여 다양한 연구문헌을 참고하여 작품 속에 투사 된 무의식의 상징을 분석하였다. 연구결과는 프리다 칼로의 작품은 자신의 불안, 억압, 갈등의 적극적인 탐색 과정이었으며 미술의 치료적 속성인 심상, 승화, 표 현, 카타르시스의 치료기제가 모두 작용된 것으로 보인다. 이러한 연구결과를 바 탕으로 미술의 창작행위는 표현자체로 치료적 의미를 가져다준다는 것을 알 수있다.

Social marketing is a discipline promoting voluntary behaviour change in target audience to effect societal and individual benefits by applying commercial marketing strategies. Considering the UNFCCC mechanisms are established to foster voluntary cooperation of parties of the Paris Agreement (2015) in achieving their emission reduction targets and adaptation goals, potential for social marketing playing a critical role in contributing to the context seems endless. The Climate Technology Center and Network (CTCN), established in 2013, is an operational arm of the Technology Mechanism (TM) introduced by the Conference of the Parties (COP) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. With the purpose of pursuing impactful mitigation and adaptation technology transfer based on global cooperation ontology, the CTCN supports technical assistance (TA) to developing countries on climate technology issues. Nevertheless, the participation rate of the domestic members in the CTCN TA project is low at 7 per cent. With this regard, little has known about what government support would benefit the Network members most, therefore, contributing to the global climate change issue. This research aims to respond to these calls. Three sequential studies outlining 4P strategy development were conducted. Study 1 conducted an online survey to identify pricing factors influencing participation of climate technology transfer business (RQ1). Study 2 tested four different types of government support program that will is most likely to encourage the Network member’s CTCN TA participation (RQ2). Study 3 pilot tested the most appropriate government support program, including a new communication strategy (RQ3). This research has taken climate technology experts’ perspectives in order to enhance the participation of 81 Korean Network members in climate technology projects. This paper contributes to applying the social marketing approach in expanding climate technology assistants globally, thereby purposefully bringing new theoretical and practical insights affecting the mitigation of carbon emissions and increasing the adaptation to climate-related disasters in developing countries.

This study examines the impact of influencer-audience and audience-audience interactions in Livestream e-commerce by extending halo of the influencer to the brand and snowballing the opinions that empower other watchers. It finds that halo effect generates from influencer physical attraction and bandwagon effect from audience live comments significantly influenced product preference and purchase intentions.

In recent years, with its amazing online interactive promotion ability, e-commerce live streaming has attracted the attention of theoretical scholars and practical experts. This study takes “co-presence (CP) ” and “social presence (SP) ”, which are the prominent features of e-commerce live streaming, as the breakthrough point to explore the mechanism of the influence of co-presence and social presence on purchase intention. In this study, consumers with e-commerce live streaming watching experience are taken as participants, and the method of structural equation modeling is used. It is found that: presence significantly impacts flow experience and consumer purchase intention, while the impact of the two kinds of presence (SP, CP) is variable. the promotion effect of the two kinds of presence (SP, CP) on consumer purchase intention is completely mediated by flow experience. The mediating effect of co-presence on consumer purchase intention through flow experience is regulated by e-commerce live streaming topicality, but social presence doesn’t.

The hotel industry is facing a complex business environment due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing competition. The ability to build resilience in adverse conditions is key to the survival and sustained growth of hotel enterprises. Against this backdrop, as a Chinese domestic hotel group, Huazhu Group actively embraces digital technology and takes the lead in developing and adopting digital measures such as hotel smart robots and digital platforms to effectively improve work efficiency, reduce employee burden, manage supplier and owner relationships, and achieve digital transformation.However, the issue of how digitalization enables hotels to form resilience, the process and mechanism of empowerment, and the dimensions of hotel enterprise resilience have not been explored in detail from a theoretical perspective. Therefore, this study adopts an inductive qualitative research method and a single-case study approach, selecting Huazhu Group's subsidiary hotels as the research objects. The aim is to explore the practical aspects of digital empowerment and construct a framework for achieving hotel enterprise resilience through digital empowerment.

Titanium, which has excellent strength and toughness characteristics, is increasingly used in the aerospace field. Among the titanium alloys used for body parts, more than 80 % are Ti-6Al-4V alloys with a tensile strength of 931 MPa. The spark plasma sintering (SPS) method is used for solidification molding of powder manufactured by the mechanical milling (MM) method, by sintering at low temperature for a short time. This sintering method avoids coarsening of the fine crystal grains or dispersed particles of the MM powder. To improve the mechanical properties of pure titanium without adding alloying elements, stearic acid was added to pure titanium powder as a process control agent (PCA), and MM treatment was performed. The properties of the MM powder and SPS material produced by solidifying the powder were investigated by hardness measurement, X-ray diffraction, density measurement and structure observation. The processing deformation of the pure titanium powder depends on the amount of stearic acid added and the MM treatment time. TiN was also generated in powder treated by MM 8 h with 0.50 g of added stearic acid, and the hardness of the powder was higher than that of Ti-6Al-4V alloy when treated with MM for 8 h. When the MM-treated powder was solidified in the SPS equipment, TiC was formed by the solid phase reaction. The SPS material prepared as a powder treated with MM 8 h by adding 0.50 g of stearic acid also formed TiN and exhibited the highest hardness of Hv1253.

북동중국해 대륙붕 표층 퇴적물에서 산출하는 저서성 유공충의 군집 분포와 형성 기작을 파악 하기 위하여 32개 정점에서 표층 퇴적물을 채취하고, 입도조성, 저서성 유공충 군집분석, 14C 연대측정을 실시하였다. 표층 퇴적물은 사질(평균: 52.04%)의 잔류 퇴적물과 니질(평균: 47.92%) 의 현생 퇴적물과의 혼합 퇴적상이다. 저서성 유공충은 총 48속 104종(사질 유공충, 석회질 유리상 및 석회질 자기상 유공충)이 분류되었다. 사질 유공충은 양쯔강 앞 해역으로 산출빈 도(30%)가 증가하며, 부유성 유공충은 제주 남서해역에서 높은 산출빈도를 보인다. 우점종은 Ammonia ketienziensis, Bolivina robusta, Eggella advena, Eilohedra nipponica, Pseudorotalia gaimardii, Pseudoparrella naraensis 총 6종이다. 이들 중 가장 높은 산출빈도를 보이는 Bolivina robusta와 Pseudorotalia gaimardii의 14C 연대측정 결과 각각 2,360±40 B.P., 2,450±40 B.P.로 나 타났다. 군집분석 결과, P. gaimardii 군집, B. robusta 군집 및 A. ketienziensis-P. naraensis 군집 으로 대별된다. 양쯔강 담수 유입 영향을 받는 양쯔강 앞 해역에는 P. gaimardii 군집, 쿠로시오 해류의 영향을 받는 제주도 남서해역에서 B. robusta 군집 그리고 북서측 황해 중앙부 니질대 해역에 A. ketienziensis-P. naraensis 군집이 분포한다. 이러한 저서성 유공충 군집 조성 및 분 포는 약 2.5 ka BP 부터 형성되기 시작하였으며, 홀로세 후기 해수면 상승에 의한 저서 생태계 서식지 환경 변화를 반영하고 있는 것으로 생각된다.

In this study, superior carbon nanotubes (CNT) were chemically modified with itaconic acid (IA) and a polyaniline (PANI) composite was formed and used to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. The capacity of CNTs modified with IA (IA/CNT) and composited with PANI (PANI/CNT) to remove MB dye from an aqueous solution was compared and investigated. The effects of parameters such as pH (3–10), adsorbent dose (0.8–8 g/L), initial dye concentration (10–100 mg/L), and temperature (25–55 °C) on MB adsorption were investigated. IA/CNT and PANI/CNT adsorbents were characterized by analyzes such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET). It was determined that the isotherm data fit the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of PANI/CNT and IA/CNT calculated according to this model (at 25 °C) was 12.78 and 32.78 mg g− 1, respectively. Thermodynamic analysis results showed that the adsorption was exothermic, feasible, and spontaneous. It can be said that the possible mechanism of MB on PANI/CNT and IA/CNT adsorbents occurs with the participation of π–π interaction, electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bonding.

This paper presents a 1-DOF robot for hand rehabilitation exercises for hemiplegic patients. The robot provides the cylindrical grasp movement, which is one of the dominant Activities of Daily Living. Linkage Sliding Mechanism allows the proposed robot to be a simple and lightweight structure. Motion test for the healthy subjects are carried out to verify the performance of the robot. Consequently, it was confirmed that the proposed robot was suitable for performing hand rehabilitation treatment.

Idamsokchan (耳談續纂, Additions to an Earful of Conversation) is an early collection of Korean proverbs capturing 418 proverbs from China and Korea with Chinese translation, most of which are social proverbs. Through a contrastive analysis of the formation mechanism of social proverbs in Idamsokchan, this study explores the influence of Chinese and Korean mindsets on language. Specifically, the study analyzes the structure, semantics, and topic of social proverbs from both Chinese and Korean sources in Idamsokchan. The results indicate that the influence of concrete-versus-abstract and practical-versus-theoretical thinking on proverbs varies. Generally, Korean proverbs exhibit a tendency towards abstract thinking, whereas Chinese proverbs are characterized by an emphasis on concrete thinking. The structural characteristics of Korean and Chinese proverbs are distinct. Korean proverbs are typically formed as a single sentence, whereas Chinese proverbs often employ fixed sentence patterns and connectives. In addition, the syntax of Chinese translations of Korean proverbs in Idamsokchan tends to be morphological. Regarding semantics, a greater proportion of Korean proverbs are of a philosophical nature when compared to Chinese proverbs. While Korean proverbs employ a simplex network and extend metaphors through contrast, Chinese proverbs are adept at using the creative double-scope network. In terms of topic selection, both Korean and Chinese proverbs, cover eight types of topics, using interrogative pronouns as subjects. Nonetheless, the contrastive-topic structure is more commonly observed in Chinese proverbs. Moreover, while the first-person singular pronoun is commonly utilized as a topic in Korean proverbs, the equivalent in Chinese proverbs is the third-person pronoun 其 (qi).