최근 3차원 영상 데이터 활용 기술이 주목받으며 레이저 스캐너, 깊이 카메라와 같은 장비를 활용하여 작물의 생육을 측정하려는 연구가 시도되고 있다. 작물의 생육 특성을 측정할 때 3차원 영상 데이터를 활용한다면 평면 데이터에서 측정하지 못한 구조와 형태 정보를 이용할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 콩의 생육 특성을 3차원 영상 데이터를 활용하여 추정하였다. 깊이 카메라를 이용하여 콩의 개화시(R1), 착협기(R3), 종실비대기(R5) 에 촬영하고 3차원 데이터로 개체의 초장과 엽면적을 추정하고 실측 값과 비교하였다. 초장 추정을 위해 평면에 투영된 개체의 무게 중심을 이용하여 원줄기의 x, y 좌표 위치를 지정하였는데 눈으로 보고 지정한 원줄기의 위치와 무게 중심 점의 x, y 좌표 위치는 높은 결정 계수를 보였다. 초장 추정의 경우 콩의 구조와 형태가 발달함에 따라 3차원 영상에서 지면으로부터 개체 상단 지점 간 거리를 이용하는 방법은 실측과 추정 값간 오차가 컸다. 엽면적 추정을 위해서 3차원 위치 값을 갖는 개체 표면 점들을 높이에 따라 분할하고 각 높이 구간의 면적을 계산하였다. 3차원 데이터 병합 과정에서 늘어난 점 개수로 인해 각 높이 구간에서 계산된 면적이 증가하였기 때문에 추정 값은 과대평가되었다. 향후 3차원 영상을 이용한 보다 정밀한 생육 조사를 위해서는 작물 고유의 생육변수 특성을 고려한 데이터 전처리 과정과 분석 방법 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physicochemical properties by mixing ratio of soybean and peanut protein to secure basic data for developing alternative protein foods. As a result of analyzing the protein molecular weight pattern, it was confirmed that the specific molecular weight was affected by the soybean and peanut protein mixture. The content of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, glycine, serine, alanine, and tyrosine among nonessential amino acids was higher as the mixing ratio of peanut protein to soy protein was higher. However, the higher the peanut protein mixing ratio, the lower the water absorption capacity. Based on the results of this study, further studies, such as selecting soybean and peanut cultivars for determining the optimal mixing ratio of soybean and peanut protein and processing methods to improve physical properties, are necessary

본 시험은 콩 안정생산 재배법 확립을 위한 Methyl Sulfony Methane (MSM) 시용방법별 생육특성 및 수량을 알아보기 위하여 2020∼2021년에 경상국립대학교 내동 부속농장에서 ‘대원콩’을 국립종자원으로부터 분양받아 수행하였다. 본 시험의 MSM 처리는 2020년에 MSM 시용시기에 따라, 100% 농도로 하여, 기비(BF, basal fertilizaton)+추비1회, 기비+추비2회, 추비1회, 추비2회, 추비3회, 무시용구로 처리하였고, 2021년에는 2020년도에 선발된 시용시기에서의 MSM 시용량에 따라, 기비+추비 50%, 기비+추비 100%, 기비+추비 200%, 추비 50%, 추비 100%, 추비 200%, 무시용구로 설정하였다. 2020년 생육특성 조사에서는 추비시용 전 R1∼2기에 MSM을 기비한 처리구에서 초장, 경태 및 NDVI 값이 높게 나타났고, 2021년 초장에서도 가장 높게 나타났다. 추비시용 후 R6기의 2020년 초장은 무처리구 및 추비1회를 제외한 모든 처리구가, 경태는 추비3회 처리구 및 기비+추비2회 처리구가, Fv/Fm 은 기비+추비2회 처리구가 가장 높았고, 2021년 또한 기비+추비3 200% 처리구에서 초장 97.9cm, 경태 17.2 mm, 분지수 7.44 개, Fv/Fm 값 0.802 로 가장 높은 값이 나타났다. 또한, 수량구성요소는 2년간 MSM 시용의 증가에 따라 주당협수 및 협당립수에서 차이를 보여, 종실수량에서도 2020년에 추비3회 처리구 및 기비+추비2회 처리구가 각각 225, 228 kg·10a-1로 가장 많은 수량이 나타났고, 2021년에는 기비+추비3 200% 처리구에서 382 kg 10a-1로 수량이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 2년간의 시험에서 MSM 시용의 증가에 따라 수량도 증가하여, 기비+추비3 200% 처리구에서 최대 21.8%의 증수효과가 나타났다.

This study investigated the quality characteristics of madeleines prepared using varying amounts of roasted black soybean flour (RBF). The RBF was used to substitute 0% (control group), 20% (RBF-20 group), 40% (RBF-40 group) and 60% (RBF-60 group) of weak flour (WF) in the manufacture of madeleine. The substitution of WF with RBF showed decreased the pH but increased the sugar concentration of the batter (p<0.01). Low lightness (L) and low yellowness (b) were observed in the experimental groups at high ratios of RBF substitution (p<0.05). The experimental groups of madeleines showed higher hardness and chewiness than the control group (p<0.001). The principal component analysis of the RBF- 60 experimental group, which had the highest proportion of RBF, showed that it had relatively strong characteristics with respect to “darkness”, “soybean odor”, “sesame odor”, “grains odor”, “savory flavor”, “sweetness”, “black soybean taste”, and “moistness”. The acceptance test results, showed that the RBF-20 experimental group was similar to the control group with respect to “odor acceptance”, “taste acceptance”, and “texture acceptance”. Thus, this study confirmed the possibility of using RBF for the preparation of madeleines.

The Cheonggukjang used in this study was made with four soybean cultivars grown and harvested at the National Agrobiodiversity Center of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences: C1 (KLS87248), C2 (Nongrim 51), C3 (GNU- 2007-14613), and C4 (Daewon). The soybeans were inoculated with Bacillus subtilis AFY-2 and fermented for 0, 12, 21, 36, 45, and 60 h in a culture room at 35°C. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were significantly increased upon fermentation for 12 hours in all samples and maintained or decreased after 21 hour The inhibition of NO production was significantly increased compared to the LPS-treated group, and the C2 sample showed inhibition of NO production at 12 hours of fermentation, and the C3 sample showed inhibition at 21 hours of fermentation. PCA analysis revealed that the ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activity and NO production inhibitory activity reached peak levels around 12 h fermentation time for all samples. Our results indicate that the optimal fermentation time of the Cheonggukjang sample is 12 hours, confirming the high correlation of all experiments.

In vitro digestibility and protein digestibility corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) were investigated to verify the availability of protein in various Rhizopus oligosporus fermented products of domestic soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars. Danbaegkong (DBK), Daepung (DP), Daewonkong (DWK), Saedanbaek (SDB), Seonyu (SY), and Cheongja4ho (CJ4) were used as raw samples, which were fermented using commercially available Rhizopus oligosporus for 48 h. All cultivars showed increased crude protein content after fermentation. The crude protein content of DBK and SDB was significantly higher than that of the other samples (55.12% in DBK and 54.22% in SDB) (p<0.001). CJ4 had the highest alanine content of 28.88 mg/g (p<0.001), and no significant difference in cysteine content was detected among the cultivars. In most of the fermented samples, the in vitro digestibility was 0.9 or higher, indicating high protein in the fermented samples. However, it is considered that restrictions on digestion are low. In DWK, the amino acid content and PDCAAS, which together indicate protein quality, were 0.917 and 0.855, respectively, confirming that it was the best cultivar to provide the raw material for fermentation. In conclusion Rhizopus oligosporus fermented soybean products can be considered a prospective source of protein with high utility value.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ImmunoSEB as an immune-booster additive on the performance of broiler chicks. A total of 1150 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to three treatments on the basis of body weight (10 pens per treatment with 40 broilers in each pen): the control (CON), CON + ImmunoSEB 0.025% in feed (SEB25), and CON + ImmunoSEB 0.050% in feed (SEB50). The experiment was conducted for d 42 in three phases (phase 1, d 0–14; phase 2, d 15–28; and phase 3, d 29–42). There were significant differences in the average daily gain (ADG) and feed intake. The ADG at d 14 in the SEB50 treatment was greater than that in the CON treatment. The overall ADG in the SEB50 treatment was greater than that in the CON treatment. During d 0–14, the feed intake of chickens in the SEB50 treatment increased compared to that in the CON treatment. The crude protein and lysine digestibility improved in the SEB25 and SEB50 treatments compared to those in the CON treatment at d 28. Superoxide dismutase concentration significantly increased in the SEB50 treatment compared to that in the CON treatment. The interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were higher in the cecum of chickens in the CON treatment than in the SEB25 and SEB50 treatments. A lower population of E. coli was detected in the ileum and cecum of broilers fed the SEB50 diet compared to those of broilers fed the CON diet. The overall result showed the beneficial effects of using ImmunoSEB at a dose of 0.050% in broiler chickens.

미토콘드리아 시토크롬 c 산화효소 1 (COX1) 유전자 염기서열(658 bp)을 사용하여, 콩 포장에서 채집된 어리팥나방(Matsumuraeses falcana)과 팥나방(Matsumuraeses phaseoli)의 종을 실험실 집단의 종들과 비교하여 동정하였다. COX1 염기서열 분석에서, 어리팥나방 47개체 로부터 10개의 하플로타입이 발견되었고, 종내 유전적 거리는 0.15~0.46%이었다. 이중 하프로타입 A형이 약 70%로 우점형이었다. 팥나방의 30개체로부터는 모두 동일한 하나의 서열만이 확인되었고, 어리팥나방과의 종간 유전적 거리는 4.11~4.61%이었다. 두 종의 COX1 염기서열을 번역한 아미노산 서열은 모두 동일하여 동의적 염기서열 변이(동의치환, 同義置換, synonymous substitution)를 확인할 수 있었다. 포장 조사에 서 두 종의 유충이 콩의 잎과 꼬투리를 가해하였고, 한 포장에서 동시에 발생하였다. 전체 포장에서 어리팥나방의 평균 밀도는 팥나방보다 약 1.5 배 높았다. 이 결과는 콩이 두 종의 동일 기주임을 명백하게 제시하였다. 별도로 이 속의 유충 기생파리로서 Elodia flavipalpis (파리목: 기생파리 과)가 발견되었고, COX1 서열로 동정되었다.

This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of black soybean Sunsik product with functional food ingredients and functional labeling system. We prepared black soybean Sunsik (BS) containing black beans, cereals, and vegetables. Black soybean Sunsik with nondigestible maltodextrin and calcium lactate (BSN) was prepared by adding non-digestible maltodextrin and calcium lactate to the base recipe to apply a functional labeling system. The particle size in BS was 118.00 μm, whereas BSN was 127.00 μm. The respective L, a, and b color values of BS were 73.25, 2.36, and 14.21. The respective L, a, and b values of BSN were 73.21, 2.36, and 14.31. The respective water retention capacities of BS and BSN were 241.67% and 216.33%. No significant difference was observed between BS and BSN in the three physicochemical properties described above. However, the pH of BSN was 5.45, which was significantly lower than that of BS. The total respective phenolic contents of BS and BSN were 1.75 mg GAE/g and 1.61 mg GAE/g, and total respective flavonoid contents of BS and BSN were 6.36 mg RE/g and 5.95 mg RE/g. The antioxidant capacities of BS and BSN were compared via assays of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, FRAP, and reducing power. The antioxidant activities of BS and BSN increased in a dose-dependant manner. No significant difference between BS and BSN was observed in any measure of antioxidant capacity. These results suggested that the addition of functional food ingredients (non-digestible maltodextrin and calcium lactate) did not affect the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of black soybean Sunsik.

The purpose of this study was to select some superior soybean varieties adaptable to growth in the northern parts of the Korean peninsula, and to identify the suitable growing regions of soybean in North Korea. Soybean varieties from South Korea were evaluated with the Chinese locally cultivated varieties as check varieties at two locations, Donggang City of Lianing Province, and at Longjing City of Jilin Province, 2017-2019. A total of 100 soybean varieties from South Korea and three Chinese check varieties were evaluated based on ecological adaptability, and a total of 18 varieties including ‘Suwon 212’ from the Longjing test site as well as a total of 59 genotypes the Donggang test site, were selected for further evaluation in the first experiment year. A total of 12 promising soybean varieties at Longjing and 15 varieties at Donggang that were selected from the previous year, were evaluated at the same sites for ecological adaptability as well as productivity in the second experiment year. A total of nine promising soybean varieties were selected at the test sites, respectively. The nine varieties at each site that were selected from the previous year for the production capacity including flowering date, degree of lodging, yield potential, and disease resistance, were reviewed to evaluate at both sites in the last experiment year. Finally, a total of eight superior varieties, including four at the Longjing site (‘Seonnogkong’, ‘Dajinputkong’, ‘Danweonkong’ and ‘Sinpaldalkong 2’) and the other four at the Donggang site (‘Iksan 13’, ‘Seonnogkong’, ‘Gangil’ and ‘Yeonpung’) were selected. The yield potential of four outstanding soybean varieties selected at the Longjin site was 1.5-2.6t/ha, and that of the other four at the Donggang site was 2.1-2.7t/ha.