가용성 폴리이마드 주쇄에 Disperse-Red 1 크로모포를 공유결합 시킨 옆사술계 비선형 전기광학 고분자를 합성하였다. 합성된 고분자의 유리전이온도 빛 열분해온도 는 각각 225˚C, 310˚C이었으며 광통신 파장에서 광학적으로 투명하였다. 100 V/μm의 전기장으로 폴링했을 때, 유전상수는 10 kHz에서 3.37이며, 파장 1300 nm에서, 굴절률은 nTE 및 nTM 모두 1.631로같았으며, 전기광학계수는 4.6 ~ 9.2 pm/V이였다. 폴링한 후 180˚C에서 1시간 동안 유지시킨 시편의 전기광학계수의 값은 감소되지 않 았으며, 장기적인 관점에서 90˚C에서 500 시간 동안 유지시킨 시편의 전기광학계수도 변함이 없었다.

파장분할다중 광소자용으로 새로운 치환된 고분자인 폴리아릴렌에테르를 합성하였다. 이 물질은 열적으로 500˚C까지 안정하며, 1.5μm의 파장 근처에서 넓은 투과 영역을 가진다. 굴절률도 1.495-1.530의범위에서 불소 함유량으로 조절되었다. 단일 모드 광도파로를 제작하여 광도파손실을 측정하였다. 측정된 광도파손실은 1.55μm의 파장에서 0.2 dB/cm 이하였다.

실리콘이 주입된 CaAs 기판위에 플라즈마 화학 증착법으로 자기정렬 gate구조의 Schottky contact을 형성하였다. 갈륨비소 소자 제조를 위하여 두께 1600Å의 턴스텐질화막을 350˚C에서 증착하여 750˚C에서 900˚C까지 급속 열처리 하였다. 텅스텐 질화막과 GaAs계면의 열적 안정성을 XRD(X-ray diffraction), PL(photoluminescence),ODLTS(optical deep livel transient spectroscopy)측정으로 조사하였으며, W보다 W67N33 gate를 형성시킬 경우에 GaAs에 미치는 열적손상이 적음을 알 수 있으며 이온 주입한 Si이온이 활성화 되는 것으로 생각된다. W67N33 GaAs 다이오드가 약 800-900˚C의 고온열처리 온도에서 W/GaAs 다이오드의 경우보다 열적 안정성이 우수하였다.

Si3N4와 BN의 선택적 산화반응과 질소분위기 소결에 의하여 Si2N2O로 결합된Si3N4-BN복합재료를 개발하였으며, 이때 산화반응 온도와 CaO의 첨가가 Si2N2O의 생성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. Si2N2O상이 도입된 Si3N4-BN복합재료는 내열충격성 및 용강에 대한 내침식성이 우수하여 연속제강새안의 부품인 break ring등의 소재로 사용될 수 있다.

Oxidative degradation of phenol, three monochlorophenols (2-chlorophenol, 2-CP; 3-chlorophenol, 3-CP; 4-chlorophenol, 4-CP), four dichlorophenols (2,3-dichlorophenol, 2,3-DCP; 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4-DCP; 2,5-dichlorophenol, 2,5-DCP; 2,6-dichlorophenol, 2,6-DCP), and two trichlorophenols (2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,4,5-TCP; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-TCP) was conducted with heat activated persulfate. As the number of chlorinations increased, the reaction rate also increased. The reaction rate was relatively well fitted to the zero-order kinetic model, rather than the pseudo-first order kinetic model for the reactions at 60℃, which can be explained by insufficient activation of the persulfate at 60℃, and the oxidation reaction of 2,4,6-TCP at 70℃ was relatively well fitted to the pseudo-first order kinetic model. The oxidation reaction rate generally increased with increase of persulfate concentration in the solution. 2,6-dichloro-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione was found as a degradation product in a GC/MS analysis. This compound is a non-aromatic compound, and one chlorine was removed. This result is similar to the result of previous studies. The current study proved that heat activated persulfate activation could be an alternative remediation technology for phenol and chlorophenols in soil and groundwater.

The Stockholm Convention, which was adopted in Sweden in 2001 to protect human health and the environment, includes regulations for Persistent Organic Pollutant Rotors such as toxic and bioaccumulatives. Currently, there are 28 types of materials. This prohibits and limits the production, use, and manufacture of products. Korea is a member of the Convention, and it is necessary to prepare management and treatment plans to address the POP trends. Thus, we experimentally investigate whether the environmentally stable incineration is achieved when the sample is thermally treated using the Lab-scale (1 kg/hr). The target samples is pesticides in liquid phase and solid phase. In this study, organic chlorinated pesticides and their thermal characteristics were analyzed. We calculated the theoretical air volume based on the element analysis results. Because the interior of the reactor is small, more than 10 times of the air ratio was injected. The retention time was set to at least 4 seconds using a margin. The incineration temperature was 850℃ and 1100℃. Thus, we experimentally investigated whether the environmentally stable incineration was achieved when the sample was thermally treated using the Lab-scale (1 kg/hr). We analyzed five types of exhaust gas; the 02 concentration was high, but the CO amount decreased. Complete combustion is difficult because of the small size of the furnace due to the nature of Lab-scale. The organic chlorine-containing pesticide had an average decomposition rate of 99.9935%. Considering the decomposition rates of organic chlorine-containing pesticide in this study, the incineration treatment at over 2 ton/hour, which is typical for a conventional incinerator, is possible. Considering the occurrence of dioxins and unintentional persistent organic pollutants, it can operate at more than 1,100℃.

다양한 산업 활동에 따라 배출되는 폐기물 중 낮은 경제성 때문에 재활용되지 못하고 매립되는 폐기물이 증가하고 있다. 폐자원의 재활용 방향성을 확대하고 미처리폐기물의 매립 제로화를 추진하여 2035년 까지 폐기물 매립처분 비율을 1.0%까지 감소시키고자 목표를 설정하였다. 국내 전체 폐기물의 매립처분 비율은 2015년도 기준 9.2%(38,308 ton/day)이다. 이중 사업장배출시설계폐기물이 약 62%(23,577 ton/day)로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하고 있다. 무기성폐기물 중 열적처리 잔재물류의 매립량은 10,637 ton/day로 사업장배출시설계폐기물 매립량의 45.1%을 차지하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구에서는 강열감량, 총유기탄소, XRF 등의 분석을 통하여 무기성폐기물의 물질 특성을 나타내었다. 사업장 제품 특성 및 배출 폐기물의 성상에 따라 성분 함량이 상이함을 확인할 수 있었다. XRF분석결과, 광재는 Fe 성분 비율이 2.3~69.9%로 나타났으며 대부분 Fe로 형성되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 분진의 경우 Mg, Al, Si, Ca 등 다양한 형태의 원소들이 함유되어 있었으며 Ca 성분이 0.5~57.5%로 높게 나타났고 Si 성분이 1.3~55.6%로 나타났다. 연소재의 경우 대부분 Si, Ca 성분으로 이루어져 있었으며, Si는 3.6~57.1%, Ca는 4.1~55.9% 함유되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

2014년 슬러지 발생량은 10,187ton/day로 2008년 기준 약 7,446ton/day에 비해 발생량이 약 37% 증가하였다. 하수슬러지의 발생량은 매년 증가할 것으로 예상되기 때문에 하수슬러지 발생량을 최소화 시키고 자원화하기 위한 여러 가지 대안 중 혐기성 소화방법과 슬러지 감량화 기술이 대안으로 제시되고 있다. 소화조는 장시간의 체류시간, 설계 값보다 낮은 소화효율 등의 고질적인 문제가 있으므로 슬러지를 효과적으로 처리 하기위해 이용 효율을 극대화하는 방안이 필요하다. 따라서 소화조 투입 전 단계에서 하수슬러지를 가용화하는 전처리를 실시하여 가수분해를 촉진시키고, 소화 효율을 높이는 방법을 이용하고 있다. 전처리 공정은 열적처리, 물리·화학적 처리, 생물학적 처리 등으로 구분되며, 이중 열적전처리 공정은 고온조건이나 저온조건에서 고분자 형태로 존재하는 슬러지를 저분자 형태로 전환시켜 바이오가스의 생산량과 소화효율을 증대시키는데 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 열적전처리 중에서도 저온 열적전처리는 고온 열적전처리에 비해 공정 운전에 들어가는 에너지 소모량이 적고, 바이오가스 생산면에서도 효과적으로 알려져있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 생슬러지 및 잉여슬러지를 대상으로 60~120 ℃, 30~120분 조건에서 실시한 저온 열적전처리 공정에 의한 물리·화학적 특성 변화를 분석하고, BMP test를 통하여 바이오 가스 생산율을 평가하였다. 용존성 물질로 존재하는 SCODCr, NH4+, PO43-, VFAs 분석결과, 생슬러지 및 잉여슬러지 모두 열적전처리 온도가 상승함에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 가용화율은 120 ℃ 120분조건에서 SCODCr의 경우 가용화 전 각각 453mg/L, 1,698mg/L에서 열적전처리 후 최대 5,337mg/L, 8,769mg/L로 증가하였으며, TCODCr 중 SCODCr가 각각 약 12%, 18.6%차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 저온열적가용화 또한 슬러지의 세포 floc 파괴에 의한 내부 물질의 용출에 기인하여 가수분해 단계를 촉진시켜 소화효율을 향상시킬 수 있다고 판단된다.

최근 국제수은협약(Minamata Convention on Mercury)의 채택에 합의함에 따라 회원국들은 수은사용 및 배출 저감에 대한 관리방안을 준비하고 있다. 국내 산업시설에서 발생되는 지정폐기물은 시료특성에 따라 적정처리하며, 일부는 매립하여 최종 처분한다. 용출시험기준을 만족하더라도 매립된 폐기물에 불안정한 형태로 함유된 수은화합물은 최종 매립 후 환경으로 유출될 수 있다. 따라서, 폐기물 및 처리 후 발생하는 부산물을 대상으로 수은에 대한 안정도평가가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 UV램프 폐형광체를 대상으로 500℃ 및 600℃에서 열적처리를 진행하였다. 발생하는 잔류물을 대상으로 총 5단계로 구성된 단계별 용출법(Sequential Extraction Procedure, SEP)을 적용하여 시료에 함유된 수은 화합물의 안정도를 평가하고자 하였다. 각 단계별 용매로써 증류수(1단계), 0.1M CH3COOH+0.01M HCl(2단계), 1M KOH(3단계), 2M HNO3(4단계) 및 Aqua regia(5단계)를 사용하였다. 1~3단계에서 용출되는 수은화합물은 안정도가 약해 환경으로 쉽게 유출되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 4~5단계의 것은 강한 화학적 결합을 이루고 있으므로 이동성이 낮아 안정한 물질로 알려져 있다. 1~3단계를 S1, 4~5단계를 S2로 분류하여 수은 화합물의 안정도를 평가하였다. 처리 전 시료의 수은 함량은 108.7 mg-Hg/kg이며, S1단계에서 62%, S2단계에서 37.5%가 용출되었다. 500℃, 600℃ 열적처리 후 발생된 잔류물의 수은 함유 농도는 각각 17.3 mg-Hg/kg, 11.6 mg-Hg/kg으로 분석되었다. S1단계에서 각각 25%, 20%가 용출되었으며, S2단계에는 각각 75%, 80% 용출되었다. 열적처리 과정에서 안정도가 약한 수은화합물이 제거되었다. 처리 후 잔류물에 함유된 안정한 형태의 수은화합물의 처분 방안에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

This study investigates leaching and thermal treatment characteristics of mercury in waste phosphor powder from UV lamp for industrial use. Waste phosphor powder contaminated with mercury compounds requires proper treatment for final disposal. A sequential extraction procedure was conducted in order to estimate the stability of mercury compounds in waste phosphor powder. The fraction of mercury compounds leached in initial steps by ion-exchangeable and low acidic solutions was 62%, which would be unstable. Finally 36% of mercury compounds was left as a strongly stable form before last step of acid digestion by aqua regia. Mercury was decomposed rapidly during initial period in thermal treatment. However, the decomposition rate reached in steady later. Correlation of mercury content in residues with concentration of leaching extract was attempted in order to set a thermal treatment condition. When mercury content in residue of phosphor powder could be lowed up to about 13 mg-Hg/kg by thermally with satisfying the Korean leaching standard limit of 0.005 mg-Hg/L.

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified with epoxy and aminosilane diethanolamine (DEA), and nanocomposites of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and the modified MWCNTs were prepared with the aim of improving the physical properties of biodegradable PBAT. The physical and the thermal properties of the PBAT/MWCNT nanocomposites were investigated using various techniques. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements revealed that the MWCNTs were efficiently modified with DEA. Scanning electron micrographs of the nanocomposites indicated that the modified MWCNTs were dispersed homogeneously in PBAT. The thermal stability of the nanocomposite decreased with increase in the content of epoxy-MWCNT-DEA due to the poor thermal stabilities of epoxy and amino silane DEA. However, the surface hydrophobicity of the nanocomposite increased. The highest stress (170% of PBAT) was observed when the content of epoxy-MWCNT-DEA in the nanocomposite was 2 wt%.

The thermal and mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced cement-based composite for solar thermal energy storage were investigated in this paper. The effect of the addition of different cement-based materials to Ordinary Portland cement on the thermal and mechanical characteristics of fiber-reinforced composite was investigated. Experiments were performed to measure mechanical properties including compressive strength before and after thermal cycling and split tensile strength, and to measure thermal properties including thermal conductivity and specific heat. Test results showed that the residual compressive strength of mixtures with OPC and slag was greatest among cement-based composite. Thermal conductivity of mixtures including graphite was greater than that of any other mixtures, indicating favor of graphite for improving thermal transfer in terms of charging and discharging in thermal energy storage system. The addition of CSA or zirconium increased specific heat of fiber-reinforced cement-based composite. Test results of this study could be actually used for the design of thermal energy storage system in concentrating solar power plants.

In present study, the coffee residue was analyzed to finding out physicochemical characteristics and TG analysis that can simulate a pyrolytic kinetic, while comparing with that of chicken residue and food waste. The higher heating value (HHV) of coffee residue was 5,250 kcal/kg that is higher than that of wood pellet (4,300 kcal/kg), Additionally, it showed a good activation energy 72 kJ/mol which is similar with that of other biomass, such as saw dust, wood-chip and so on. It means that the coffee residue is meeting to standard for highest quality of wood pellet, and it would be used as a biomass in the future. However, it never become a fuel without main fuel, such as coal and wood, because its discharge amount is too little. Thus, it has to be applied to existing process, such as power plant which must to meet a RPS regulation. For this, physicochemical characteristics of various biomass have to be analyzed, while considering a discharge amount of them. Therefore, the research result would be provided to reclassification coffee residue to biomass from food wastes in the future.

This study provides an experimental result of thermal mercury reduction and condensation characteristics for inventing a mercury recovery technology from the waste sludge which contains high concentration of mercury. Thermal treatment was conducted in the temperature range of up to 900oC from 600oC with different residence time using a waste sludge from domestic industrial facility. Properties of powder material condensed after thermal treatment were analyzed to assess the effectiveness of thermal processing. Leaching characteristics of bottom ash and condensed powder material were analyzed by Korean Standard Leaching Test method (KSLT). Cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CVAAS) Hg analyzer was used for the analysis of mercury content in solid and liquid samples. We found that mercury contents was concentrated compared with waste sludge. However, the mercury concentration of leached solution from the condensed powder material was very low. The chemical characteristics of condensed powder material was estimated using experimental analysis and literature survey. In order to recover purified elemental mercury, the further researches of refining experiments would be required.

Differential scanning calorimetry of the aggregated impregnated with PCM indicates 4～10 J/g of the amount of heat storage capacity. The results show that it is considered that lightweight aggregate concrete impregnated with PCM may have thermal energy storage capacity.

Recently, Introduced the study of fire resistance design. This paper has been written about the cross-sectional temperature distribution in the square CFT columns are painted in Intumescent paint. Study on the thermal properties Intumescent paint is not yet clear. Thus, the finite element analysis was performed by reference to the properties of other materials. FEM results Were compared with the experimental results. It offer a range of thermal properties considering the thermal mechanism of the fire-resistant paint as a result.

Since the volume based tipping system was adopted for municipal solid wastes in Korea, the system has been well implied with the positive participation of households. Therefor local governments have started to apply the system to food wastes as well in recent years and each household has put an effort to reduce the generation of food wastes consequently. Another big movement on the management of municipal solid waste has been made, which was intending to utilize wastes to energy resources by converting to solid refuse fuel (SRF). In the meantime the conversion of biomass to energy became an issue to argument national renewable energy. Such motivation made an attempt to utilize fruit husks as SRFs since they has been used to dispose of as food wastes with the payment of tipping fee by households. Thus, in this study, five fruits (mandarine, apple, pear, sweet persimmon and grape) of 6 main consuming fruits in Korea were chosen as tested materials to check out any potentials of biomass SRFs. The basic characteristics of 5 fruit husks after drying naturally were analyzed. Heating values, proximate analysis results were reported and thermo-gravimetric tests were made for suggesting them to combustible wastes or bio-SRFs. The higher heating values of all fruit husks with natural drying showed above 3,000 kcal/kg which is the criterium of SRF and the lower heating values were less than SRF standard due to higher content of moisture. Proximate analysis and thermo-gravimetric data were similar to other biomass fuels like wood and municipal solid waste. It is concluded that such fruit husks could be used as SRFs by adopting an effective drying method in advance.

This study provides a result of thermal mercury reduction for inventing a mercury recovery technology from the sludgewhich contains high concentration of mercury. Physical, chemical and thermal properties of the sludge were analyzed andmercury degradation at elevated temperatures was investigated to find out the optimum temperature range for thermalrecovery of mercury from the sludge generated from an industrial facility, which contained high concentration of mercury.The study was carried out in the temperature range of up to 650oC from 200oC, and 500~710µm particle size of wastesludge samples were selected from such industries. As primary thermal tests the sludge was heated up to observe weightdegradation at a continuous weight measurable thermogravimetric analyzer and a muffle furnace and the degradationcurves from both devices were found to be well matched. Mercury conversion to gaseous form was investigated fromthe analyzed data of mercury concentrations sampled every 25oC from a muffle furnace. Cold vapor atomic absorptionspectroscopy (CVAAS) Hg analyzer was used for the analysis of mercury content in solid and liquid samples. Most ofmercury was degraded and released as gas phase at the temperature range from 300oC to 550oC, which could be theoptimum temperature of mercury recovery by thermal method for the sludge containing high concentration of mercury.Based on these thermal mercury reduction studies, degradation kinetics study of mercury was conducted to provide thereaction kinetics data for further reactor design to recover mercury using a thermal method.