저온기에 통기성 간이 피복재의 피복방법에 의한 보온환경이 잎상추의 생육촉진에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 농PO계 필름하우스내에서 '파스라이도' 피복재를 이용하여 직접피복, 터널피복 및 직접+터널피복 처리구 하에서 10월 13일부터 10월 31일가지 18일간 청상추와 적상추를 재배하여 그 효과를 검토하였다. 평균기온, 지온, 엽온과 상대습도는 피복의 효과가 현저하여, 직접+터널, 직접피복, 터널피복 및 대조구의 순으로 높았으며, 광합성유효광량자속은 역순위였다. CO2의 농도는 주간보다 야간에 현저히 증가하였는데, 직접피복에서 가장 높았으며, 다음은 직접+터널피복, 터널피복, 대조구의 순으로 높았으나 그 차이는 매우 낮았다. 청상추와 적상추의 초장, 엽수 및 엽면적 등은 직접+터널, 직접피복, 터널피복의 순으로 촉진되었으나 통계적인 유의차는 없었다.
Two way grid single-layer domes are of great advantage in fabrication and construction because of the simple fact that they have only four members at each junction. But, from a point of view of mechanics, the rectangular latticed pattern gives rise to a nonuniform rigidity-distribution in the circumferential direction. If the equivalent rigidity is considered in the axial direction of members, the in-plane equivalent shearing rigidity depends only on the in-plane bending rigidity of members and its value is very small in comparison to that of the in-plane equivalent stretching rigidity. It has a tendency to decrease buckling -strength of dome considerably by external force. But it is possible to increase buckling strength by the use of roofing covering materials connected to framework. In a case like this, shearing rigidity of roofing material increases buckling strength of the overall structure and can be designed economically from the viewpoint of practice. Therefore, the purpose of this paper, in Lamella dome and rectangular latticed dome that are a set of 2-way grid dome, is to clarify the effects of roofing covering materials for increasing of buckling strength of overall dome. Analysis method is based on FEM dealing with the geometrically nonlinear deflection problems. The conclusion were given as follows: 1. In case of Lamella domes which have nearly equal rigidity in the direction of circumference, the rigidity of roofing covering materials does not have a great influence on buckling-strength, but in rectangular latticed domes that has a clear periodicity of rigidity, the value of its buckling strength has a tendency to increase considerably with increasing rigidity of roofing covering materials 2. In case of rectangular latticed domes, as rise-span-ratio increases, models which is subjected to pressure -type-uniform loading than vertical-type-uniform loading are higher in the aspects of the increasing rate of buckling- strength according to the rate of shear reinforcement rigidity, but in case of Lamella dome, the condition of loading and rise-span-ratio do not have a great influence on the increasing rate of buckling strength according to the rate of shear reinforcement rigidity.
본 연구는 녹지 공간 확충과 입면녹화용으로 유용한 덩굴식물의 분포 특성을 알아보기 위하여 기존 식생자료를 토대로 덩굴식물의 수평 및 수직분포와 국내(남한) 자생 덩굴식물 종수 등에 관해 조사하였으며, 수직분포 조사지는 강원도의 설악산과 어답산, 겨익도의 광교산, 전라남북도와 경상남도에 걸쳐있는 지리산을 대상으로 식생자료를 검색하였다. 연구결과를 요약해보면 다음과 같다. 남한지역에 분포하는 덩굴식물 종류는 총 41과 95속 267종 이었고, 덩굴식물의 수평분포 특성은 위도가 낮아질수록 출현종수가 증가하였으며 고산지대와 북한지역의 북부지방을 제외한 우리나라의 거의 전지역이 덩굴식물 생육에 적당하다고 사료되었다. 또 덩굴식물의 수직분포 특성은 표고가 높아질수록 현저히 감소하였고 해발 1,500m이상에서는 거의 나타나지 않았는데 이러한 지역의 온량지수는 45이하에 해당되며, 동일한 고도라 하더라도 지지체가 되는 식물 군락의 종류에 따라 출현하는 덩굴식물의 종류는 상이하였다. 사면별로 덩굴식물의 출현종수에 차이가 있었으며, 남사면이 북사면에 비해 종다야성은 낮은 경향을 보였다.
본 연구는 동계 무가온 3중 및 4중피복 plastic house내에서 고추를 육묘하여 이들 육묘환경조건에서의 고추유묘의 생장반응을 파악하고 육묘환경의 차이에 따른 묘의 소질과 정식이후의 생장과의 관련성을 검토하고자 수행한 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 초장, 엽수, 엽면적 및 각 기관별 건물중은 3중피복구가 4중피복구에 비하여 50%의 감소를 보였다. 가장 큰 차이는 엽면적으로 육묘기간중 3중에 비해 4중에서는 2-5배의 증가를 보여 육묘 환경의 차이가 고추유묘 생장에 현저한 영향을 미쳤다. 2. 3중피복구에서는 4중피복구에 비하여 생장초기부터 엽면적의 확보가 지연되었고, 이에 따라 고체생장율도 현저히 감소했다. 비엽면적(SLA)은 4중에서 3중에 비하여 엽의 두께가 얇았으며, 순동화율은 4중에서 생장초기에 증가하였다가 생장이 진행됨에 따라 감소되는 경향이었으나 3중에서는 파종후 6주후에 급격히 증가했다. 3. 엽면적과 전체건물중, 엽건물중간에는 직선적인 관계가 인정되었다. 그러나 엽면적과 개체생장율간에는 4중에서만 인정되었으며, 엽면적과 순동화율간에는 3중과 4중에 관계없이 직선적인 관계가 인정되지 않았다. 4. 파종후 6주째까지는 3중에서 엽으로의 건물분배가 많았고, 줄기와 뿌리로의 분배는 적었으며, 4중에서는 그 반대의 경향을 보였다. 5. 고추의 분지수는 3중과 4중에 관계없이 지수함수적 증가를 보였고, 주당 과중은 직선적인 증가를 보였다. 4중에서 육묘한 고추의 분지수는 3중에서 육묘한 고추보다 현저히 많았고 시간이 경과함에 따라 더욱 뚜렷한 경향이었다. 6. 고추유묘의 형질중 정식후 고추수량에 기여하는 정도가 가장 큰 것은 유묘의 지상부 건물중으로서 고추육묘에 있어서 양묘의 기준은 유묘의 지상부 건물중으로 결정되었으며, 또한 묘의 소질과 수량과의 관련성이 크게 인정되어 동계 시설재배시 고추의 다수를 위한 고추육묘는 지상부 건물중 증가를 위한 환경관리의 중요성이 인정되었다.
고랭지 경사지밭에서 아로니아를 재배할 때, 토양에 피복식물을 심어 토양유실을 방지하고 아로니아의 생육 및 수량성도 좋은 피복식물을 선발하고자 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 피복식물별 발생한 잡초는 무처리구(자연종)에 17종, 왕포아풀 처리구 12종, 흰토끼풀 처리구 14종, 들묵새 처리구 15종, 긴병꽃풀 처리구 16종이 발생하였으며 잡초 종류는 총 24종이 발생하였다. 1년에 3회 예취하는 피복식물들의 예취전 초장은 무처리구(자연종)은 73.6 ㎝, 왕포아풀 처리구는 57.5 ㎝, 흰토끼풀 처리구는 36.8 ㎝, 들묵새 처리구는 48.3 ㎝, 긴병꽃풀 처리구는 40.9㎝ 이었다. 초장으로 볼 때는 흰토끼풀과 긴병꽃풀이 피복식물로 적당한 것으로 생각되었다. 피복식물들의 3년차 피복율은 무처리구는 95.0%, 왕포아풀 처리구 100%, 흰토끼풀 처리구 87%, 들묵새 처리구 85%, 긴병꽃풀 처리구는 100%로 왕포아풀과 긴병꽃풀이 가장 높았다. 아로니아의 3년차 주당 수량은 흰토끼풀 처리구에서 1,916 g 으로 가장 많았으며 그 다음이 들묵새 처리구 1,770 g, 긴병꽃풀 처리구 1,766 g, 무처리구 1,098 g, 왕포아풀 처리구 931 g 순이었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해로 볼 때, 고랭지 아로니아 재배시 피복식물은 초장이 작고 옆으로 기는 특성이 있어 빨리 피복이 되고 잡초발생도 적은 긴병꽃풀이 적당하였으며 아로니아 정식후 이랑사이에 긴병꽃풀 묘을 심어 피복 식물로 재배함으로서 수량을 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Background : The rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale) is widely used as a spice or a traditional medicine. It contains the phenolic compounds, such as gingerol, zingerone and shogaols as the major pungent compound. Ginger is commonly used for various types of "stomach problems," including motion sickness, colic, upset stomach, gas, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), nausea. The cultivation area of ginger is 1,046 ha, and it is cultivated as 5th of 55 medicinal crops in Korea (2016). When ginger is cultivated in a vinyl house, the growing periods can be prolonged by early sowing and the yield is improved compared to the conventional cultivation. This experiment was carried out to investigated on growth, rhizome shape and yield as affected by the soil covering in rain-shelter greenhouse.
Methods and Results : Seed ginger was planted on March 10 at 75 × 15 ㎝ planting density in greenhouse. The soil covering on furrow area was carried out on June 20, July 20 and August 20. The control, conventional cultivation was planted four rows on 120 ㎝ wide ridge. As a results of applying the soil covering, emergence was 2 - 3 days earlier than that of conventional cultivation. On November 5, samples were harvested for each treatment, and growth characteristics, tuber shape, and yield were investigated. As the number of soil-cover increased up to 3-times, the weight of the tuber increased to 44.4% and the length to 21.9% as compared with the control. However, as the number of soil-cover increased, workspace was needed, resulting in fewer seeding gingers and lower total yield. Therefore, it was advantageous to perform two times soil-cover to obtain the maximum yield. In the case of soil cultivation, the length of the foot was longer than that of conventional cultivation, and the quality was improved.
Conclusion : From the above results, it is recommended that the soil covering is carried out twice at greenhouse’s cultivation. The first covering is in mid-June, and the second is in mid-July.
Background : Zingiber officinale is known as the source of the pungent, aromatic spice called ginger. Ginger, especially dried rhizomes, has been widely used for many medicinal purposes. The pungent principles in ginger are the non-volatile phenolic compounds gingerol, gingeridione and shogaol. It is cultivated 1,046 ha as 5 th of 55 medicinal crops in Korea (2016). Ginger has been successfully propagated using internodal cuttings. Ginger emergences at 18℃ or higher, and it takes about 40 - 50 days to emerges after sowing. Therefore, it is required a cultivation method that promote the emergence.
Methods and Results : The internodal cuttings with 25 – 35 g was planted on 30 April at 30 × 30 ㎝ on 120 ㎝ broad bed. Five covering materials included the illite non-woven fabric (18 g/㎡), rice straw and vinyl were treated to promote emergence and early growth. Soil temperature covered by illite non-woven fabric was higher by 2.6 - 2.8℃ than that of rice straw covering, and lower by 2.2 - 2.4℃ than that of the transparent vinyl mulching. Emergence was faster in the illite non-woven fabric mulching by 5 - 6 days compared to vinyl mulching. It was presumed to be due to the small diurnal difference with increasing soil temperature. The covering with illite non-woven fabric had a large plant height and a large leaf number. So, the early growth in the covering of illite non-woven fabric was better than other treatments. There was a differences in rhizome’s yield among treatments. The content of gingerol was 2.29 – 2.37 ㎎/g and there was no significant difference.
Conclusion : From the above results, covering illite non-woven fabric until sprouting after planting promoted its emergence and early growth.
Background : This study was carried out to investigate the differences of growth characteristics, photosynthetic rate and ginsenoside content of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer according to the covering materials during house cultivation. Also the results of this study will be used as basic data for the standardization of ginseng house cultivation.
Methods and Results : This experiment site was conducted from March to October, 2017 in the house located in Jinan - gun, Jeollabuk-do. The ginseng cultivar used in the experiment was a violet stem variant of 4-years-old. There are three kinds of covering materials used in the experiments: polyethylene (PE) film, scattering film, and blue-white film. PE film and the scattering film were first coated with 85% of light shielding net after the first installation, and then secondly coated with 75% and 30% of the light shielding net respectively in the middle of May when the house temperature reached 25℃. The blue-white film was cultivated after the initial installation without further treatment. The light transmittance of each covering materials were in the order of scattering film (14.5 ± 1.5%), blue-white film (10.0 ± 1.0%) and PE film (6.7 ± 1.0%). The average photosynthetic rate of each treatment was in the order of scattering film (2.94 μmol CO2/㎡/s), blue film (2.71 μmol CO2/㎡/s) and PE film (2.34 μmol CO2/㎡/s). Aboveground growth characteristics of ginseng were good in a scattering film and blue-white film. Root weights were found in the order of scattering film (47.1 g/plant) > blue-green film (41.3 g/plant) > PE film (37.6 g/plant).
Conclusion : In order to select proper covering materials for ginseng house cultivation, the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of each treatment were compared with each other in order of scattering film, blue-white film and PE film. The photosynthetic rate of each treatment was measured according to the growing season. PE film was relatively low during the entire growth period. In the case of scattering film and blue-white film, the rate of photosynthesis was higher in the scattering film with high light transmittance until May, but showed a similar tendency after July. As a result, the difference in the growth characteristics of ginseng is thought to be due to differences in photosynthesis and assimilation according to the coating materials.
Background : Natural Mortality Vinyl much culture are increased crop yield and saved weeding workforce. But research is insufficient that of Liriope Pilatyphylla Wang et Tang. Black non-woven fabric mulch culture are increased crop yield and superior to occurrence of weeds, but to the removal and planting more labor needed, so, Farmers are avoidance using that. Methods and Results : So this study designed in order to selecting the best covering material. Using in this study, covering materials were Conventional practices (non covering), Natural mortality vinyl and black non-woven fabric. Soil temperature was continued highly after planting from in mid-may to in august a regular. among them natural mortality vinyl mulch was the highest. Natural mortality vinyl mulch was the fastest that humidity of soil change and Growth and development situation by maintaining proper temperature and humidity. Non mulching was little change in temperature and humidity and the slowest in the Growth and development situation. The main event of weeds were Cyperus serotinus Rottb and Portulaca oleracea L. Weeding labor was saved from 43 to 57 percent in the natural mortality vinyl and black non-woven fabric mulch. Plant length was the shortest in the conventional practices and Root length, Leaf number and number of plants were little changed. Yield was increased from 27 to 29 percent in the natural mortality vinyl and black non-woven fabric mulch than conventional practices. Result of comprehensive economic analysis including weeding labor and yield, the natural mortality vinyl mulch culture was income increased 92 percent than conventional practices. Conclusion : Natural mortality vinyl mulch culture were weeds shooting controled and increased yield 39, income 92 percent than conventional practices (non covering).
Background : The purpose of this study was to evaluate methods to high quality medicinal vegetables, thereby increasing farm income. This study investigated the effects of different covering material and weed eliminating on stable foliage production in Peucedanum japonicum Thunberg. Methods and Results : method of weed elimination with covering material were conducted under four condition compose to Non covering(4~6 times by manual weed control), Barley straw cutting covered with 700㎏․10 a−1, Rice straw cutting covered with 500㎏․10 a−1, Rice husks covered with 1,000㎏․10 a−1. Fermented mixed oil cake compost applied at 380㎏․10 a−1, 60% of basal fertilizer in March 14, 40% of top dressing were four times application in April 14 ~July 15. Sowing dates were March 25, 2015. Plants were spaced 15 ㎝ apart in rows 15 ㎝ apart with open cultivation. Conclusions : Rice husks covering < Barley straw covering < Barley straw covering cultivation this order, aerial part as a result were plenty amount of growth. Weed the rates was 12 to 29% lower incidence. Green leaf yields is uncovering control plot (915 kg․10 a−1) compared to 2% from covering rice husks, barley straw and rice straw covering increased to 18%, 20%, respectively.
This study was carried out to assess the covering of 11 Sedum species on an extensive green roof system under the urban climate of South Korea for 2 years. The eleven Sedum species which came up to the criteria were selected: S. acre, S. album, S. kamtschaticum, S. oryzifolium, S. polystichoides, S. reflexum, S. rupestre, S. sarmentosum, S. sexangulare, S. spurium, and S. telephium. The plants were planted in the extensive green roof system with the substrate of porous glass+bark+field soil (v:v:v, 3:2:5) and then evaluated. The covering area of the Sedum species were about 72㎠ at the start after the establishment. When a year had passed since the systems were established, S. acre, S. oryzifolium and S. sexangulare maintained 200-500㎠/plant of covering area and the others maintained 800-1200㎠/plant. Most covering area increased continuously for about two years and showed a large quantity of increment in summer season with the exception of S. kamtschaticum, S. polystichoides, S. sarmentosum, and S. telephium, whose above-parts were not alive in winter.
The objective of this research is to evaluate the fireproof covering thickness of concrete-filled tube
columns(CFT) by finite element results using ABAQUS package program. As a result of this study, there is a huge difference between the analytical results and Korean fire resistance criterion
The objective of this study was to analyze the determinant factors in the new agricultural technology acceptance targeted to the automatic switchgear for heat-retaining mulching used on the oriental melons farms. The probit and the logit models were estimated using survey data. The result indicated that the level of income, innovativeness, and reliability are important factors of the new agricultural technology acceptance. Therefore, it is considered the level of income, innovativeness, and reliability in advance to extend the new agricultural technology quickly.
We studies a model for management of pepper anthracnose based covering method and spraying system in field.
1. Among 82 organic fungicides, 42 materials showed most effective inhibition against mycelia growth of the Colletotrichum acutatum in vitro. 23 formulated biocontrol agents were chosen to control the disease from 42 biocontrol agents in greenhouse. In the end, five kinds (2 plant extracts, 2 biopesiticides, 1 Bordeaux mixture) were selected from 23 materials in the field.
2. The mulching materials of bed covering in fruit season were thin non-woven fabric sheet and black plastic. The use of a fabric sheet was reduced the spread of anthracnose as compared to the plastic covering.
3. The application with the chosen materials was reduced 34% of anthracnose for 7 times sprays to planting 70 days as compared to the untreated control. In yield, nonwoven fabric sheet with formulated biopesticides was increased 17% than black plastic.
4. This result indicated that the developed biocontrol strategy could be an effective and economic crop protection system in organic pepper cultivation field.
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of soil covering materials such as rice bran, rice hull and saw dust on garlic growth through a field experiment in wintertime. Rice bran was the smallest in term of particle size, but it recorded the highest level of bulk density. The missing plant rate after winter season was relatively high, 59.3%, and that of soil covering materials stood at the low level of 10%. Other growth factors recorded the highest level during application of rice bran. In terms of chemical properties of soil-covering materials, rice bran recorded the highest level of 1.84, 2.34 and 0.16% in the content of N, P, and K, respectively. The subsoil temperature was higher by application of rice bran as compared to that of other materials which stood at the lowest temperature (-90 C).