Recently the distribution of two tortricid moths, Hendecaneura impar (Walsingham, 1900) and Rhopobota orbiculata (Zhang, Li, et Wang, 2005) was reported from Korea (Kim et al. 2014; Kim et al 2015). Here, we discuss the external morphology including the male and female genitalia, life history including host plants and mitochondrial DNA data (CO1) of these two species.

Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important pest for both stone and pomefruits. In a previous study, we selected four best plant extracts [Nicotiana tabacum L., Allium sativum L., Zanthoxylumpiperitum (L.) DC., and Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.] against first instar larva, and here we evaluated them against adultstage (<5 d old) in laboratory. N. tabacum applied at 2 mg/ml showed highest corrected mortality of 85 and 100% infemale and male, respectively, within 168 h of exposure. Combined spray of N. tabacum and A. sativum showed LT50of 103.5 and 63.9 h on female and male, respectively. We also evaluated the deterrent effect of the plant extracts onovipositioning, and found that female laid less egg (29) on N. tabacum treated twigs at the concentration of 4 mg/twig.Thus N. tabacum can be a potential botanical insecticide against G. molesta.

This study was conducted to present the preliminary list of the genus Archips in Korea. The genus Archips is a large group of the family Tortricidae, which includes 102 species in the world. In Korea, 18 species of the genus Archips have been reported up to date. The genus has difficulty in morphological classification with the species because of the sexual dimorphism between male and female. However, the study of the genus Archips with the morphological differences of both sexes has not been studied in Korea. In this study, the preliminary list including the synonymic list, host plants and distributional ranges was provided for the further study of the genus Archips in Korea.

Virulence of six entomopathogenic fungi was assessed against the 1st instar larva (<5 h old) of oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) in laboratory which is considered as an important pest for stone fruits. Three strains of Beauveria bassiana and each strain of Metarhizium robertsii, Metarhizium bruneum, and Isaria farinosa were evaluated with the concentration of 1×108 conidia/mL at 95.9% RH and 25.4°C by glass scintillation vial assay. Among all, two strains of B. bassiana, ARP14 (87.5%) and A (unpublished) (72.7%), showed highest virulence with 9.8 and 12.6 h of LT50 within 16 h of exposure. However, B. bassiana A showed highest infection rate of 90.0% compare to ARP14 (70.0%) after 14 days. From these results, the two strains of B. bassiana, ARP14 and A, can be used for the control of G. molesta.

The spring emergence of individual insect would be influenced by surface temperature during winter season. The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, overwinter as a full-grown larva within spherical and compactly woven cocoons in the clefts of tree bark. It consume new shoots early and fruits later in the growing season. To estimate the spring emergence of G. molesta, we used the lower developmental threshold (8.14°C) and thermal constant (279.3) for overwintering G. molesta. The climate data were obtained from the web site of the Korea Meterological Administration(KMA) from 1975 to 2015 at 61 locations, respectively. The spring emergence of G. molesta was changed depending on ambient temperature of each year.

This study was carried out to clarify the taxonomic status position between two species, Archips audax and A. asiaticus of the family Tortricidae, which have been confused due in their very similar character in appearance. For the reason, A. asiaticus has been treated as junior of A. audax in Korea until now (Park and Byun, 1989). Also, it has been known as synonym of A. audax too in Japan (Suzuki and Komai, 1984). However, in China A. asiaticus has been listed as a valid species (Park et al,. 2014). The aim of this study is to clarify the taxonomic differences between the two species with DNA barcoding. We conducted the tree with the result of DNA barcoding by using MAGA 6. A. audax and A. asiaticus build in different clade and distance was 0.02. In this study, we extracted COI gene for DNA barcode and analyzed the sequences using MEGA 6. Also, genitalic dissection and observation of morphology were conducted. As the result, we have to treated A. asiaticus is valid species.

Oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is an important pest for stone fruits like apple, peach, pear etc. Growers usually depend on chemical insecticides to control this pest, but it causes problems like resistance, pest resurgence, and health hazard. Although various plant extracts have been known to be potential against other lepidopterans, their effectiveness against oriental fruit moth has rarely been studied. So, we evaluated toxicity of 28 methanolic plant extracts known from previous literatures in the laboratory condition. Residual toxicity against 1st instar larvae (<5 h old) were examined using glass scintillation vial method at the concentration of 2 mg/ml. Among the tested botanicals Nicotiana tabacum L. was most effective and showed 92% mortality within 20 h and LT50 value was 12.9 h followed by Allium sativum L., Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.), and Sapindus mukorossi Gaerten. which showed 88, 70, and 65% mortality within 20 h, respectively. Rhododendron micranthum Turcz., Humulus japonicus Seibold & Zucc., Nerium indicum Mill., and other extracts showed least effectiveness on 1st instar larvae of oriental fruit moth. Hence, we suggest N. tabacum, A. sativum, Z. piperitum, and S, mukorossi as botanicals to be used against oriental fruit moth.

Four sympatric tortricid (Lepidoptera) species in New Zealand, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker), Planotortrix octo (Dugdale), Cydia pomonella (L.), and Cydia succedana (Denis and Schiffermüller), were studied for the morphology of antennal sensilla and the chemical communication systems using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electro-antennogram (EAG), gas chromatography-electroantenno-detection (GC-EAD), single sensillum recording (SSR) and field tests. Antennal flagella of adult have four main types of olfactory sensilla (s.); s. trichodea, s. basiconica, s. auricillica, and s. coeloconica in the four species. The s. trichodea subtype I was longest and male-specific in all the species. The antennae of males of the four species showed characteristic higher EAG, GC-EAD and SSR responses to 12, 14-carbon acetates or alcohol. Some of the selected chemicals selected from the electrophysiological experiments caused significant antagonistic or agonistic activities to the sex pheromone of each species in the field. In this study, the four species showed distinct chemical communication systems according to sub-family, which possibly serve as a factor in species isolation.

In the present study, Cydia kamijoi Oku is newly recognized in korean insect fauna. This tortricid moth was first found damaging the cones of Abies koreana in Jeju Island 2014. The moth can be a serious insect pest on A. koreana because of high damage rate on the cones, up to 71% average. The genus Cydia now was 11 korean species including C. kamijoi. Regarding this species, some basic information such as collection records, morphological characters, and ecology were provided

This study was conducted to clarify the faunistic data for the genus Olethreutes from North Korea, which is one of the biggest genus in the family Tortricidae. Eventhough there have been several investigations by previous researchers, no comprehensive study on the genus from North Korea has been conducted to date. In the present study, a total of 19 species of the genus Olethreutes were recognized from North Korea. All available information for the species, including the host plants, synonymies, and distributional ranges, is also provided.

팥나방 (Matsumuraeses phaseoli) (나비목: 잎말이나방과)은 한국에서 팥 (Vigna angularis)과 녹두 (Vigna radiata)의 꽃과 꼬투리를 가해하는 주요 해충의 하나인데, 수원지방에서 이 곤충의 발육 특성과 월동태를 추정할 목적으로 야외 (37°16′N 126°59′E 35ASL) 조건에서 인공사육을 통해 발육과정이 관찰되었다. 갓 부화한 유충 집단들은 약 14일 간격으로 인공사료를 이용하여 1년 이상 야외에서 사육되었는데, 봄에서 고온인 여름철로 감에 따라 발육기간이 짧아지고, 가을철로 감에 따라 다시 길어지는 경향이었다. 유충 혹은 번데기 발육에서 여름철 하면 현상은 발견되지 않았다. 2008년 10월 8일 사육이 시작된 집단은 번데기 상태로 월동하였는데, 6%의 생존율을 보이며 이듬해 4월말 우화하였다. 10월 23일에 사육이 시작된 집단은 노숙유충태로 월동하였는데, 이듬해 4월말 용화하여, 5월 초중순에 2%의 최종 생존율을 보이며 우화하였다. 한편 실내에서 사육되어 5령까지 발육된 유충들을 11월과 2월 사이에 야외로 옮겨 사육하였을 때, 생존하는 개체들은 발견하지 못하였다. 항온조건 (25℃, 15L:9D)에서 갓 산란된 알을 11월과 12월 중에 야외로 옮겨 유지하였을 때, 월동하여 부화하는 알은 발견되지 않았다. 또 항온조건에서 갓 우화한 성충들을 11월과 12월 중 야외로 옮겨 사육하였을 때, 모두 사망하였다. 이 결과로 팥나방은 한국의 수원지방에서 10월 중 부화한 유충들이 유충과 번데기로 월동할 수 있는 것으로 추정되었다.

본 연구는 베트남산 잎말이나방족에 대한 연구를 수행하여 5종 (Adoxophyes tetraphracta Meyrick, Meridemis bathymorpha Diakonoff, Pandemis corylana Fabricius, Terthreutis bulligera Meyrick, Ulodemis hyalura Diakonoff)이 베트남에서는 처음으로 기록되었다. 모든 종에 대한 기재, 성충의 모습, 그리고 생식기의 도해를 실었다.

팥나방(Matsumuraeses phaseoli, (Matsumura))은 팥의 꽃과 꼬투리를 가해하는 해충이다. 본 연구에서는 팥나방 성충 우화와 교미 시간대, 성충 나이 및 더듬이 제거가 교미에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 성충 우화는 16L:8D 광 조건에서 불이 켜지고 4시간 이내에 대부분 이뤄졌다. 대부분의 교미가 암 기간 동안 이뤄졌으나, 불이 켜진 직후에도 교미하는 개체들이 일부 관찰되었다. 우화 당일의 성충은 교미를 하지 않았으나 우화 후 4일된 성충의 교미율이 가장 높았다. 더듬이가 제거된 수컷 또는 암컷은 더듬이가 제거되지 않은 반대 성의 정상 성충과 교미를 하지 못하였다.

The study was conducted to investigate the phenology of G. molesta adult, and to develop and validate the degree-day model of G. molesta in apple orchards. It was known that G. molesta is a multi-voltine insect depending on temperature and geographic location. G. molesta damage to many economically important fruit trees such as apple and pear. Data collection was carried out in five apple-growing location (Chungju, Bonghwa, Andong, Uiseong, and Geochang) and at least three commercial orchards of each location was selected for collecting data in 2011 and 2012. The commercial pheromone monitoring trap (GreenAgroTech) was used to investigate the flight phenology of G. molesta. The relationships between degree-day accumulated above the low temperature threshold and cumulative proportion of accumulated G. molesta caught per generation were used to predict the phenology of G. molesta. The phenology of G. molesta per generation was analyzed by Weibull 2-parameter function. The generation of G. molesta was depending on local environmental conditions, specially temperature. The first flight of G. molesta adult in Chungju was later than other places. The average number of G. molesta caught in Uiseong was significanlty decreased from 2011 to 2012. The occurrence of G. molesta adult was explained well by degree-day model using Weibull 2 parameter function. The developed model system could be applied to manage G. molesta population in apple orchards.

Grapholita molesta is one of economically important pests in pear orchards and has four to five generations per year depending on food resources, geographic location, and temperature. The overwintering larvae of G. molesta pupate early in the spring and new adults start to flight for several reasons such as mating, seeking resources and oviposition. The study was conducted to develop the full seasonal phenology model of G. molesta and to investigate the phenology of G. molesta adult in pear orchards. Data collection was carried out in five pear-growing location (Anseong, Icheon, Sangju, Ulju and Naju). Three commercial orchards of each location was selected for collecting data in 2011 and 2012. The flight phenology of G. molesta was investigated by the commercial pheromone monitoring trap (GreenAgroTech) once per week. The phenology of G. molesta per generation was predicted by the relationships between degree-day accumulation above the low temperature threshold and cumulative proportion of accumulated moth caught per generation. The phenology of G. molesta per generation was calculated by Weibull 2-parameter function. Although the latitude of Sangju was higher than that of Naju, the first flight of G. molesta adult from two orchards was similar. The average number of G. molesta adult caught in every pear orchards was increased from 2011 to 2012. The occurrence of G. molesta adult was explained well by degree-day model using Weibull 2-parameter function.

The tribe Archipini occurring mainly in the Holarctic, Afrotropical and Oriental Regions; scarcely represented in the Neotropical with more than 500 described species of 150 genera (Razowski, 2003). The tribe Archipini in Vietnam was studied by several authors. Kuznetsov (1992) described two new species, Homona superbana and Neocalyptis sodaliana, besides 28 known species were recorded, and he (1997) also recorded four species, Homona encausta (Meyrick), Neocalypis tricensa (Meyrick), Meridemis furtiva Diakonoff and Lumaria probolias (Meyrick). In a study on Tortricidae fauna from Vietnam (2000), 43 of 208 Tortricidae species belong to the tribe Archipini were annotated. Based on the collection of the Berlin Museum, Razowski (2008a) reported seven known species and described 13 new species belong to four genera, Gnorismoneura Issiki & Stringer, 1932, Terthreutis Meyrick, 1912, Synochoneura Obraztsov, 1955, and Terricula Falkovitsh, 1965, he also reported ten known species and described five new species belong to three genera, Choristoneura Lederer, 1859, Homona Walker, 1863 and Meridemis Diakonoff, 1976 (2008b). In the year of 2009, he described one new genus, Chirapsina Razowski, 15 new species, besides 37 known species were recorded (2009a), he (2009b) also described five new species and four known species from Vietnam. In the present study, we focused on Archipini fauna in the northern part of Vietnam, a total of 19 species belong to 13 genera are recorded. Among them, five species Adoxophyes tetraphracta Meyrick, Meridemis bathymorpha Diakonoff, Pademis corylana Fabricius, Terthreutis bulligera Meyrick, and Ulodemis hyalura Diakonoff are recorded for the first time.

지난 1970년이래 헝가리자연사박물관의 북한지역 탐사를 통해 채집조사되어 보관된 표본을 대상으로 검경한 결과 북한산 잎말이나방과 12종이 추가로 분류 동정되어 보고한다. 이중 2종(Notocelia rosaecolana Doubleday, Rhopobota ustomaculana Curtis)은 북한지역에서는 처음으로 보고되는 북한미기록종이었다. 이외에 보고되는 10종은 주로 기존문헌에 목록에만 포함되어 있어 정확한 분포정보들이 없어왔던 종들로 금번연구를 통해 새로운 분포지가 기록되는 종들이다. 본 연구에서는 금번에 보고되는 2종의 북한미기록종과 새롭게 채집지가 확인된 10종의 목록을 정리하여 보고하며 각 종별로 채집지기록, 국내외 분포 및 기주식믈정보 등을 제시하였다.

Sorolopha Lower, 1901 is one of the largest genera belongs to the tribe Olethreutini in the subfamily Olethreutinae Obraztsov, 1946. This genus is distributed throughout the world, including 64 described species (Brown 2005; Horak 2006). Among them, 60 species are distributed mainly in the Oriental Region. Besides, the genus was also recorded from Australian Region (6 species) and Palaearctic Region (2 species). Characteristics of genus Sorolopha are very close to those of Eudemis (Diakonoff 1973). Sorolopha species in Vietnam have been reviewed by Kuznetzov (1988, 2000 & 2003) and Razowski (2009). In 1998, Kuznetzov recorded one new species, S. ghilarovi Kuznetzov in a study on Lepidoptera fauna from the Northern part of Vietnam, and he (2000) also recorded 9 species from the country based on the collection of Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg. Moreover, a new species S. asymmetrana Kuznetzov was described in 2003. Most recently, Razowski (2009) reported 4 known species such as, S. herbifera (Meyrick, 1909); S. sphaerocopa (Meyrick, 1930); S. satoi Kawabe, 1989; S. chiangmaiensis Kawabe, 1989. He also described two species as new to science, S. brunnorbis Razowski and S. dorsichlora Razowski from the collection of the Berlin museum. In this study, a total of 10 species have hitherto been recorded from the Northern part of Vietnam including one new species, S. cucphuongensis sp. nov.. The new species is very similar to S. phyllochlora Meyrick but it can be separated by different characters of wing pattern and socius of male genitalia. The materials for identification are based on the collection of University of Incheon.

The first record of the subfamily Tortricinae from North Korea was reported by Zhu (1969), comprising 17 species. Later Park and Byun (1991) added 11 species of the subfamily. And Park and Razowski (1991) added 16 species of the tribe Tortricini. Jaros et al. (1992) reported 11 species of Tortricinae from North Korea, based on the material Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic(CAS). Byun et al. (1998) enumerated 350 species of Korean Tortricidae, citing 63 species of Tortricinae and 40 species of Olethreutinae from North Korea. Later Razowski (1999) provided a list of Korean Tortricidae with 176 of North Korea. Despite these studies, much of the North Korean Tortricidae deposited in the HNHM remained unstudied. Recently the first author examined the totricid material in the HNHM and reported 7 newly recorded species from North Korea (Byun et al., 2007). In the present study, we provide the faunistic information for ten species of Tortricinae, including their localities. This study was carried out under the support of Korea National Arboretum and Korea Forestry Research Institute.

In North Korea, the Tortricidae has been poorly studied until Byun et al. (1998) reviewed 350 species from Korea, including 63 species of Tortricinae and 40 species of Olethreutinae. Then Razowski (1999) presented a checklist of 358 species of Tortricidae from Korea, including 176 species of the North Korean Tortricidae with mostly based on the avaialble materials in Poland and previous literatures. Later, a serial studies on the family Tortricdae of North Korea with the material deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum provided several additional data for the North Korean tortricid fauna (Byun 2009; Byun 2011a; Byun 2011b; Byun 2011c; Byun et al. 2007) During the course of the study on the Tortricidae of North Korea deposited in Hungarian Natural History Museum, the author found three species of Olethreutes for the first time from North Korea. Of them, Olethreutes aviana Falkovitsh is also newly reported to the Korean peninsula. The aim of the present study is to report the three species of Olethreutes as new to North Korean fauna. In the present study, three species of the genus Olethreutes: O. aviana Falkovitsh, O. obovata (Walsingham), and O. orthocosma (Meyrick), based on the material deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum, are reported for the first time from North Korea. Among them, O. aviana Falkovitsh is recorded as new to the Korean peninsula. Photographs of the adults and genitalia of the species are presented.