The live fire test has been playing a critical role in evaluating the goals-to-meet of the weapon systems which utilize the power of explosives. As such, the successful development of the test systems therein is quite important. The test systems development covers that of ranges and facilities including system-level key components such as mission control, instrumentation or observation, safety control, electric power, launch pad, and so on. In addition, proper operational guidelines are needed with well-trained test and operation personnel. The emerging weapon systems to be deployed in future battle field would thus have to be more precise and dynamic, smarter, thereby requiring more elaboration. Furthermore, the safety consideration is becoming more serious due to the ever-increasing power of explosives. In such a situation, development of live fire test systems seems to be challenging. The objective of the paper is on how to incorporate the safety and other requirements in the development. To achieve the goal, an architectural approach is adopted by utilizing both the system components relationship and safety requirement when advanced instrumentation technology needs to be developed and deteriorated components of the range are replaced. As an evaluation method, it is studied how the level of maturity of the test systems development can be assessed particularly with the safety requirement considered. Based on the concepts of both systems engineering and SoS (System-of-Systems) engineering process, an enhanced model for the system readiness level is proposed by incorporating safety. The maturity model proposed would be helpful in assessing the maturity of safety-critical systems development whereas the costing model would provide a guide on how the reasonable test resource allocation plan can be made, which is based on the live fire test scenario of future complex weapon systems such as SoS.
The 1/5 scale–down model of the Bycatch Reduction Device (BRD) from an Argentinean demersal trawl was tested in a circulating water channel. The BRD is designed to help small Hake (merluza, merluccius hubbsi) to escape from a trawl. It is settled in front of a trawl codend, and is equipped with selection grids that help small fish to escape from the gear and guiding panels that help fish to meet with the grids. Bars of the grids are wires covered by the PVC and other parts of the BRD are made of net. When the velocity was less than 0.65 m/sec (2.81 Kont when translated to real towing speed) which is slow speed compared with real towing speed, position between an upper guiding panel and an upper selection grid were good to help small fish to escape. When the velocity was more than 0.8 m/sec (3.41 Knot when translated to real towing speed) which is similar to and faster than real towing speed, it was considered that small fish may have difficulties in escaping because the gap was not enough between an upper guiding panel and an upper selection grid. The lower selection grid was sat on the bottom of the tank without an angle due to the weight that it carries. Improvements were proposed to position the panels and the grids better.
An experiment have been conducted to investigate the behavior of dredged fills on flexible containers (scale model geotextile tubes). The study was focused on the development of geotextile strain. The model geotextile tube is made of woven geotextile material. Results showed that during the dewatering stage, the tube height decreases and the tube width increases. This increases the density of the confined fill material and the tensile reaction of the tube. The compaction effect on top of the geotextile tube decreases as the tube height reduces. On the other hand, the confinement effect at the sides of the geotextile tube increases as the tensile reaction intensifies. As a result, The geotextile strain increases as the value of the coefficient of lateral pressure is increased.
A model net experiment of the gape net for anchovy in Jindo, Jeollanam-do was carried out to investigate the net shape and hydrodynamic resistance using circulating water channel. The model net was made 1/33 down scale by Tauti’s similarity method and the range of experimental current speed was from 0.5 knot to 3.5 knot (increasing 0.5 knot interval). The net mouth height in 0.5 knot of the minimum experiment current speed was shown 26.0 cm (full-scale conversion value 8.58 m). The net mouth height and mouth area in 1.5 knot of the same current speed with a gape net fishing ground were shown 20.0 cm (full-scale conversion value : 6.60 m) and about 507.9 cm2 (full-scale conversion value : 55.31 m2). The net mouth height and area were decreased with increase the experimental current speed. The hydrodynamic resistance of the model net in 1.5 knot current speed was shown 1.11 kgf and the value of full-scale conversion by Tauti’s method was shown 3.996 ton.
In weapon systems development, live fire tests have been frequently adopted to evaluate the performance of the systems under development. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure safety in the test ranges where the live fire tests can cause serious hazards. During the tests, a special care must be taken to protect the test and evaluation (T&E) personnel and also test assets from potential danger and hazards. Thus, the development and management of the range safety process is quite important in the tests of guided missiles and artillery considering the explosive power of the destruction. Note also that with a newly evolving era of weapon systems such as laser, EMP and non-lethal weapons, the test procedure for such systems is very complex. Therefore, keeping the safety level in the test ranges is getting more difficult due to the increased unpredictability for unknown hazards. The objective of this paper is to study on how to enhance the safety in the test ranges. To do so, an approach is proposed based on model-based systems engineering (MBSE). Specifically, a functional architecture is derived utilizing the MBSE method for the design of the range safety process under the condition that the derived architecture must satisfy both the complex test situation and the safety requirements. The architecture developed in the paper has also been investigated by simulation using a computer-aided systems engineering tool. The systematic application of this study in weapon live tests is expected to reduce unexpected hazards and test design time. Our approach is intended to be a trial to get closer to the recent theme in T&E community, "Testing at the speed of stakeholder's need and rapid requirement for rapid acquisition."
Nowadays, consumption of fisheries products is increasing. There are several factors, one of which is a quantitative development through aquaculture. Another factor is an increase qualitative consumption of fish which require that fish be supplied alive. This requires a lot of technical effort to transport the live fish that have low survival rate (c.f. tuna and mackerel) in coastal waters and in the open sea. To develop a towing cage for transporting the live fish, model test in a circulate water channel and simulation by computer tool were carried out. In order to spread vertically, floats were attached at the upper part of the cage, and iron chains attached at the lower part of the cage. For horizontal spreading, kites were attached on the cage. The tension and spreading performance of the cage were measured. The result shows that the tension and reduction ratio of inside volume of the cage were tended to increase with increased towing speeds. The suitable operation condition in towing cage was 1.0 m/s towing speeds with vertical spreading force 8.7 kN, horizontal spreading force 5.6 kN; in this case the reduction ratio of inside volume of the cage was estimated as 25%.
The OGS model is configured and used for simulation of the LASGIT project. The modeling conditions and the simulation results from the previous work by Walsh and Calder (2009) are analyzed to see if the simulation configuration is done correctly and to apply for the LASGIT project. Except for the unrealistic modeling conditions used previously, the simulation results successfully demonstrated helium propagation that is typical for the two-phase flow. The results indicated that the relations of capillary pressure and the relative permeability against water saturation used previously should be updated. An elaborated simulation with more realistic parameters should be used to improve the weak points of preliminary work.
바람에 의한 초고층 건축물의 거동은 매우 복잡하기 때문에 구조체에 대한 풍하중의 설계는 매우 어렵다. 현재 사용되고 있는 풍하중 산출방법은 풍동실험에 의존하고 있으며, 1차 탄성거동을 전제로 행해지고 있다. 가장 불리한 조건인 1차 모드로 가정하는 것은 다소 과대설계가 되어 안전하지만, 비경제적이다. 따라서 초고층 건축물에 작용하는 풍하중은 다차 모드 해석에 의해 산출하는 것이 안전성과 경제성을 동시에 확보할 수 있는 방법일 것이라 판단된다. 다차 모드를 고려한 풍하중의 산정은 풍압적분법(Pressure Integral Method)을 응용하면 가능하다. 본 연구는 풍압적분법(Pressure Integral Method)의 유효성을 검증하는 것이 목적이며, 공력진동실험에 의한 풍응답 해석결과와 비교하여 그 유효성을 검증하였다.
Hull forms for catamaran type small fishing boat powered by electric motor are newly developed by experimental approaches. Model tests for two hull forms having different length are made at circulating water channel. Resistance performance and wave patterns are compared to carry out an analysis of the effect of extension of main body. The results show that the extension of main body can give better resistance performance above a certain velocity.
콘크리트 구조물의 안전진단을 위해 충격반향기법(Impact Echo method, IE)과 충격응답기법(Impulse Response method, IR)을 이용하여, 콘크리트 모형 하부의 공동 유무에 따른 탐사 결과를 분석하였다. 콘크리트 모형은 순수 콘크리트 부분과 철근+콘크리트 부분으로 나누고, 공동의 유무에 따라 각 기법의 적용에 의한 반응 변화를 관찰하였다. 이 연구에 앞서 수행한 GPR과 IE 및 IR 기법의 복합 적용 결과, IE 및 IR 기법이 철근의 영향을 크게 받지 않고 공동존재 여부에 따른 반응이 비교적 잘 나타나는 것으로 파악되었다. 본 연구에서는 선행 연구 결과를 토대로 IE와 IR 기법의 활용도를 높여서 보다 정확한 콘크리트 구조물의 안전진단 기법을 개발하고자 하였다. GPR과 같은 비파괴 조사 기법과 달리, IE 및 IR 기법은 측정이 이루어지는 위치를 정확히 알 수 있어 각 측점의 콘크리트 두께와 하부 공동의 반응을 보다 정확히 파악할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 연구 결과, IE 기법에서는 공진주파수보다 낮은 저주파수에서 나타나는 작은 피크 구간이 공동에 의한 반응으로 보이며, IR 기법에서는 주파수에 따른 운동성(mobility)과 동적 강성도(dynamic stiffness)의 변화를 통해 공동의 유무를 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구에서 제안한 방법은 콘크리트 구조물의 보수 보강에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.
본 논문은 지진에 의한 구조물의 거동을 평가하기 위한 실험방법 중 최근 국내에 도입되어 연구되고 있는 하이브리드실험에 대한 시스템을 구축하고, 그에 따른 모델개발과 하이브리드실험을 실시하여 하이브리드실험기법의 타당성과 정확도를 평가하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 NEESgrid의 미니모스트 시스템을 벤치마킹하여 여건에 맞게 수정, 보완하였으며 2차원 평면뼈대모형을 개발하여 실험에 적용하였다. 그리고 하이브리드실험 결과의 평가를 위해 국내에서는 거의 시도되지 않았던 진동대실험과 비교를 함으로써 결과의 신뢰도를 높였다. 진동대실험에는 하이브리드실험과 동일한 크기의 실물모형을 제작, 실험하여 크기효과의 영향을 최소화하였다. 두 실험의 결과는 거의 비슷한 것으로 나타나 하이브리드실험이 진동대실험을 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
본 연구는 초․중․고 학생들의 도해력 수준을 측정 및 분석하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 도해력 및 지도학습의 문제점을 파악하고 도해력 향상 방안을 교수-학습 측면, 교육과정 측면, 지도 및 자료 제작 측면에서 모색해 보는데 목적이 있다. 먼저 초․중․고 교과서를 분석하여 도해력 검사 항목을 선정하였으며 이를 SOLO 분류 모형의 사고 수준에 따라 4개의 하위 문항으로 구성되는 세트 문항을 제작하였다. 도해력 검사는 청주시에 소재한 초․중․고 학교를 대상으로 9학년에 걸쳐 10개 반을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구 결과, 도해력 향상을 위해 교사는 학령 및 학생의 도해력 수준에 맞는 교수-학습 방법을 개발해야 하고 지도의 종류나 지도와 관련된 내용 또한 학생들의 수준에 맞게 선별 또는 재구성하여 교수해야 한다. 지도 및 자료 제작자는 학생들의 학령에 따른 도해력 수준을 고려하여 지도 및 학습 자료를 제작해야 한다. 교육과정에서는 도해력 및 지도 관련 단원을 확대하고, 학년 수준에 맞는 꼭 알아야 할 내용을 중심으로 연결성 있는 학습과 학령이 올라감에 따라 지도교육 내용도 심화 발전될 수 있도록 구성해야 한다.
To fulfill the design requirement from the Algeria owner, Hull form development of a trawl fishing boat was performed. Model test at CWC in INHA Technical collage was carried out to investigate the resistance characteristics and CFD analysis using FLUENT was performed to examine flow patterns and pressure distribution around hull etc. The designed hull form satisfies speed-power requirement of 10.5 knots at installed power. This paper describes the design feature of trawl fishing boat and evaluates the model test results and CFD results. The design constraints for Algeria trawl fishing boat were explained and the speed of the ship was compared with sea trial results.
This paper presents the log likelihood function for integrated models for ALT such as exponential-general Eyring, Weibull-temperature and specific heat, lognormal-temperature and specific heat. Additionally this paper estimates the system reliability and mean time to failure(MTTF) for series, parallel, k of n, and standby system using ALT linkage parameter. Lastly this study designs three variable reliability acceptance sampling(RAS) plans such as type I, II censored test, sequential test by the use of integrated models for ALT.