본 연구에서는 갈대 뿌리 추출물을 첨가한 베이스 와인을 제조하고, 이에 효모를 첨가한 스파클링 와인을 제조하였다. 발효 과정 중 베이스 와인의 pH는 발효 기간이 늘어날수록 두 군 모두 감소하는 결과를 나타냈으며, 발효 14일차에는 각각 3.21과 3.23으로 유의적인 차이를 나타내지는 않았으며(p>0.05), 산도는 두 군 모두 증가하였다. 당도는 발효 14일차 각각 7.33 °Brix, 6.90 °Brix로 첨가군이 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 알 코올 함량은 발효 14일차 대조군과 첨가군이 13.83%, 14.20% 로 첨가군이 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 색도는 발효 1일차에는 두 군 모두 명도(lightness)가 높아졌는데, 효모의 첨가에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 발효 기간이 증가할수록 두 군 모두 낮아졌 다. 적색도(redness)와 황색도(yellowness)는 발효 14일차에는 첨가군이 높게 나타났다. 총 폴리페놀은 대조군과 첨가군이 각각 29.19 mg/100 mL, 34.97 mg/100 mL로 첨가군이 유의적 으로 높았으며(p<0.05), 발효가 진행되는 동안 큰 변화를 나 타내지는 않았다. 플라보노이드는 발효가 진행되는 동안 두 군 모두 감소하였다. ABTS 라디칼 소거활성 결과, 대조군과 첨가군은 각각 44.26%, 64.37%로 첨가군이 유의적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 알코올 도수 14%의 로제 베이스 와인에 효모의 생육이 억제되어 발효가 일어나지 않아 갈대 뿌리 추 출물을 첨가하여 알코올 도수 8%로 낮춘 후 효모 5종을 접종 하였다. 스파클링 와인의 발효 기간 중 pH는 A군을 제외한 실험군들은 모두 발효 1일차부터 감소하는 경향을 나타내었 으며, 산도는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 당도는 실험군들 모두 감소하였으며, 알코올 함량은 다소 증가하였다. 병내 기압은 발효 8일차 A군 4.30 kgf/cm2, C군 3.58 kgf/cm2, B군 3.35 kgf/cm2, D군 3.27 kgf/cm2로 최종 기압이 측정되었다. 관능검 사 결과 향미(flavor), 부드러운 정도(softness), 전체적인 기호 도(overall acceptability) 모두 대조군(시중 판매 제품)이 각각 6.90, 7.13, 7.33으로 가장 높았으며, 전체적인 기호도에서 실 험군들 모두 5.25~5.58로 평균 이상의 점수를 나타내었다. 이 상의 결과 갈대 뿌리 추출물을 첨가한 로제 스파클링 와인 제조 시 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Vitilevure Quartz가 가장 적 합한 것으로 사료되었다.

The purpose of this research is to study the evolution of the price of Burgundy wines and to try to identify the reasons for such an evolution. Land prices, rent prices and wine prices in Burgundy will be analysed over the last decades. In terms of results, the price of wine in Burgundy has been observed to rise drastically in recent years as well as the evolution of land and rent prices. A better comprehension of price variations could help wine companies manage their long term profitability, especially if land were considered as an investment (and therefore, part of the company). As a recommendation, marketing tools but also training should be used by craftsmen to build, promote and distribute strong brands in order to remain on the market but also to attract major agents and importers and be distributed worldwide.

Greece wine production has shown swinging trends: in 2013 it grew by 17,9% reaching 3.7 Million Hectoliters (USDA), but it 2014 it decreased by 15% (Greek Wine Federation), whilst grape prices went up. Greece has a huge potential, but it is still a small producer in Europe. The Greek wine industry got through several phases: before the 80s the product was quite “poor”, but with the entrance in the market of some educated winemakers who have introduced a new business philosophy and approach to wine, production has changed (GaiaWines.gr). The population of firms consist of a few larger producers, and most of the companies are relatively small. Although the quality has been improved, most of the production is addressed to the domestic market, since only few producers have established export networks (Vlachvei et al., 2012). Thus, the economic crisis that affected Greece has created difficulties also for domestic sales. Background research has outlines some of the limits of the Greek wine industry: according to Vlachvei et al. (2012),the new competitive challenges require owner and managers to achieve a better understanding of operational and marketing process that can contribute to the development of their brand in order to develop an integrated marketing communication approach. The Greek wine sector is extremely fragmented with a high predominance of small size firms; as size increases, the degree of professional organization grows, as well as the relative presence of foreign markets (Papalexiou, 2009). Thus, it has been recognized that Greek wine export is disorganized (Baiocchi, 2011; Papalexiou, 2009). The limits imposed by UE to plantings have affected Greece growth strategy: Greece is still a small producer and although it shows similarities with the south of Italy, it is impossible to think to follow the “Italian Style” (Baiocchi, 2011). Thus the urgency of undertaking a propter model for the development of the industry is seen as a priority for the Greek wine system. Wineries have seen in related businesses an effective tool for improving the competitiveness of the wine industry (Papalexiou, 2009); a lot has been done for achieving an integration between wine tourism and the wine business. Background research describes the experiments undertaken around wine routes, conceived as a useful tool for improving the wine sector (Hall & Mitchell, 2000) and for the development of rural areas (Karafolas, 2007). In 2014 the Joint Research Center (JRC) of the European Commission has undertaken a Smart Specialization pilot project that involves rural areas in Northern Greece, in order to foster local economic development by adopting an entrepreneurial discovery approach (EDP). JRC can be considered as a source of technology generation and a service that provides expert advice to the institutions of the European Union and more specifically to the European Commission and the European Parliament (Moncada-Paterno`-Castello, 2003). It can be guessed how JRC outcomes could impact citizens’ lives. From September 2014 for 15 months JRC has been involved in the European Parliament Preparatory Action; the aims of this project are: to facilitate the refinement and implementation of the RIS3 strategy in a region heavily hit by the crisis; and to serve as a model for other convergence regions in Greece and Europe (from JRC website). The project has seen the collaboration of JRC – IPTS (Institute for Prospective Technological Studies) with DG Regio and the Managing Authority of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. The wine sector has been selected, together with few others for the preparatory action. The approach that has been adopted was the Entrepreneurial Discovery Process (EDP), in order to allocate resources under the guide of entrepreneurial actors, from the public and private sector. EDP is “a process in which the entrepreneurial actors are discovering and producing information about new business and innovation activities and the government is collecting, assessing and transforming this knowledge into policy action” (http://s3platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/s3-governance).EDP plays a leading role in the Smart Specialization Strategy (S3): EDP suggests that the allocation of resources is the result of a process undertaken by entrepreneurial actors. It emerges how innovative this process is, if compared to past industrial policies. EDP contributed to minimise failures of market innovation. The Smart Specialisation perspective let entrepreneurs discovering the right domains of future specializations (Foray, 2012). A newer approach to regional competitiveness (Ketels, 2013) has been followed by European Commission, that, in order to promote an efficient and effective public funding policy in regional economic development (Mempel-Śnieżyk, 2013), has actively supported Smart Specialisation Initiatives. On the other side, S3 has a prior role in the EU Regional and Cohesion Policy 2014-2020 (Martínez-López & Palazuelos-Martínez, 2014). This paper examines the role that EDP and S3 have had in the definition of a strategy for the development of the local wine industry. The paper aims to answering to the following research questions: What are the elements seen as priorities from entrepreneurs for developing the local wine industry in Greece? Is there an overlapping between the findings emerging from JRC workshops and those that have been pointed out by relevant opinion makers and experts in the Greek wine industry? What about the effectiveness of EDP in wine? The paper is structured as follows: In the first part a description of the Greek wine industry will be carried out; in a second section authors will point out JRC’s EDP approach; thirdly an analysis of data collected from JRC sessions and from interviews with international experts in Greece will be performed. 9 experts that took part to the workshop will be interviewed. Data will be collected through telephone interviews and web based survey; once collected data will be analyzed through a text analysis. A literature review on EDP and theoretical issues that have inspired the organization of JRC sessions will be presented in order to support Research Questions. The papers ends up with a discussion and conclusions in order to provide inputs for professionals, and policy makers.

Tablets and the omnipresent mobile environment create opportunities and challenges for m-commerce (mobile commerce) vendors, seeking to increase their profits. Understanding factors that affect that consumer behavior, positively and negatively, in tablets is essential for vendors in order to provide a fruitful m-commerce customer experience. The objective of this paper is to facilitate the understanding of consumers’ perceptions and behavior in m-commerce and social media on tablets and explore the potential of tablets for m-commerce purposes. The paper reports the findings of two exploratory research studies on wine and luxury goods. The first study examines consumer perceptions of the use of tablets and social media, in the context of m-commerce of wine. The second study relates to selling of luxury goods through the Internet. The results of our qualitative analysis show that user experience and design aspects, such as ease-of-use, are important factors for tablet adoption and use for m-commerce and social media. Adapting web content to tablets is, therefore, critical to enable effective m-commerce on this popular device. Business opportunities enabled by tablets and social media in m-commerce and how these can be leveraged in the wine and the wider luxury goods context are discussed.

Our work analyses the theme of authenticity as a process of self-appropriation pursued by companies during their existence. The goal is to investigate this process by identifying the trade-off companies have faced. By doing this, we propose to recognize the sources of brand authenticity. The research methodology is based on the case analysis of Tuscan wine companies that are emblematic for the topic investigated.

국내 탁주 제조에 사용되는 시판 발효제 4종을 선정하여쌀을 원료로 탁주를 제조하고 이들 탁주의 이화학적 특성과휘발성 향기성분을 분석하였다. 제조한 탁주의 알코올 성분은 발효제의 종류에 따라 차이를 보였는데 조효소제를 사용한 경우 알코올 함량이 15.66%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 총산도의 경우 입국을 사용한 탁주에서 다른 시료에 비해 유의적으로 높은 수준을 나타내어 백국균을 사용한 입국이유기산 생성능이 강해 산도가 높아지는 특성을 확인하였다.탁주 4종에서 총 49개의 향기성분이 동정되었으며, esters27종, acids 3종, alcohols 10종, 기타성분 11종이 확인되었다. 전통누룩으로 담금한 발효주에서 가장 많은 종류의향기성분이 동정되었지만, 입국으로 담금한 발효주가 정량적으로 높은 농도의 향기성분을 포함하였다. 화학적 특성에따른 성분들의 상대적 함량은 ester류 46.85%, alcohol류49.05%, acid류 0.62%, miscellaneous 3.48%로 alcohol류가가장 높게 나타났다. 발효과정을 거친 탁주의 향기성분은극미량의 성분들이 상호 복합적으로 영향을 주고, 함량 및종류에 따라 발효과정을 거치면서 다양한 변화를 가져올수 있기에 복합적인 관계에 대한 규명이 필요하다. 향후발효과정 중의 향기 성분 모니터링을 통해 향기성분의 생성과 변화에 대한 체계적인 연구가 필요하리라 여겨진다.

흑마늘을 이용하여 와인을 제조해보고 숙성 칩의 종류에 따른 향기 성분의 변화를 조사하였다. 흑마늘 와인을 제조한 후, 저장 조건으로 미국산 칩과 프랑스산 칩을 이용하여 3개월간 10oC에서 숙성하여 흑마늘 와인을 완성하였다. 향기 성분을 분석을 위하여 GC/MS를 이용하였다. 미국산 칩을 사용한 경우 주요 향기성분으로 2-methyl-1- propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 1,1-diethoxyethane, allyl methyl sulfide가 검출되었다. 프랑스산 칩을 사용한 경우 에는 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2-heptanone, 1,1-diethoxyethane, N-amino32- hydroxypropanamidate, n-butylamine, chloroacetonitrile, allyl methyl sulfide가 주요성분으로 검출되었다. 미국산 칩을 사용한 와인에서 과일향성분인 n-propylacetate, butanoic acid, octanoic acid가 상대적으로 높게 검출되었고, 흑마늘에서 기인된 allyl methyl sulfide는 미국산 칩을 사용한 경우에서만 검출이 되었다. Acetic acid는 프랑스산 칩을이 용한 경우에만 검출되었다.

연구에서는 전분질 원료를 달리한 18종류의 입국을 제조하고 당화력을 측정, 각각의 입국과 동일한 원료를 첨가하여 제조한 막걸리의 품질 특성과 관능검사 및 저장성 실험 결과를 분석하였다. 각각의 입국으로 제조한 막걸리의 에탄올 함량은 9-13%까지 고루 분포되었으며 제조한 막걸리 No. 5(현미) 군에서 13%로 가장 높게 측정되어 막걸리의 에탄올 생성에 있어 현미군이 유리할 것으로 사료된다. 막걸리의 총 당량은 막걸리 No. 6(찹쌀) 군이 11.3%, 환원당 또한 마찬가지로 4.8의 가장 높은 수치를 보여 막걸리의 당 생성에 있어 찹쌀군이 유리할 것으로 사료된다. pH는 막걸리 No. 2(밀+보리) 군이 3.6으로 가장 낮게 측정되었으며 총산은 6.0-9.1 사이로 고루 분포하였으며, 막걸리를 5oC에 보관 하였을 때 산도의 증가는 크지 않았으며 28oC에서 보관 하였을 때 3일 동안 총산이 급격하게 증가 하였지만 전분질 원료간의 특징적인 차이는 보이지 않았다.

흑마늘의 일반성분을 분석한 결과 총당은 5.75±0.03, pH는 4.46±0.06으로 나타났다. 흑마늘와인의 제조 과정에서는 본 발효 과정 중 초기 pH, 초기당도 및 최적온도를 찾아 내었는데 흑마늘와인의 효율적인 발효를 위해 흑마늘액의 초기 pH를 pH 6, 초기당도를 25 brix로 조절한 후 효모를 접종하여 25℃에서 발효하는 것이 적합하였다. 흑마늘와인의 young wine을 제조한 후, 흑마늘 young wine의 최적의 저장조건으로 프랑스산 오크칩을 사용하여 10℃ 저장실에 서 3개월간 저장하여 흑마늘 와인을 완성하였다. 흑마늘 와인의 색도 측정결과 L값 24.78±0.14, a값 2.89±0.53, b값 3.29±0.72로 나타났다.

This paper examines relationships between experience and behavioral loyalty in the wine sector drawing on 618 Greek and French respondents. Being a member of a group provides a sense of belonging that increases behavioral loyalty. Implementing communities and advertising them via a social media communication program may build behavioral loyalty.

The present research analyzes the influence of positive and negative emotions towards consumer satisfaction and buying intentions of PDO Rioja wine. Results suggest that only positive emotions have a significant effect, in consumer satisfaction but also in future buying intentions because consumers search (positive) pleasure when taste foods and drinks.

Despite the sales increase of wine in Korea, still fewer Koreans consume wine with Korean food and many Koreans believe that Western food pairs well with wine (Goodman, 2009; Lee, Zhao, & Ko, 2005; Stephens, 2003). This could reduce the opportunities of wine consumption in Korea and critically influence the future growth of Korean wine market. Therefore, this study aimed to develop Korean food and wine pairing criteria. According to the literature review, there is no cultural difference in people’s taste perception, but from the daily diet, people develop different taste preference (Bertino, Beauchamp, & Jen, 1983; Druz & Baldwin, 1982; Laing et al., 1994; Prescott et al., 1993; Prescott et al., 1997, 1998; Yamaguchi, Kimura, & Ishii, 1988). The preference gap is more obvious for beverages than foods (Chung et al., 2012). Food and wine pairing have evolved throughout the Western culinary history. Therefore, the pairing criteria are deeply connected with Western cuisine. As Korean food has its own flavour profile and Koreans have had different dining culture, it is unclear if the criteria are applicable to Korean palates. However, there is scant previous research on Korean food and wine pairing. This is an exploratory study using sequential mixed methods. The qualitative study was done first by performing twelve one-on-one interviewees and one focus group interview. The features influencing Korean food and wine pairing were discovered from the qualitative study. Then, the quantitative study followed by a questionnaire survey of Korean wine consumers. 151 questionnaires were distributed and 138 valid responses were achieved. The qualitative results were tested and generalised from the quantitative study. Hot spiciness, strong flavours and hot food temperature were identified as three unique characteristics. They were all hindrances to wine pairing according to the Western criteria. Wine-friendly Korean dishes commonly did not include those features. However, Korean daily diet has developed Koreans’ different wine preference. There was a segment of Korean wine consumers who enjoy the burning sensation in the mouth and prefer to match tannic red wine to hot spicy dishes. As a result, nine criteria of Korean food and wine pairing were developed. Seven criteria were from the Western criteria that could be applicable to Korean food. Two criteria were newly identified from this research. This study demonstrates Korean food and wine pairing criteria focusing on Koreans’ five primary tastes (e.g. sweetness, sourness, saltiness, bitterness and hot spiciness). However, there are other elements such as textures and flavours generated from a variety of cooking methods, fermented seafood sauces and spices. Thus, further researches are required to complete the criteria. In addition, an experimental study could further confirm the result of this study.

The wine industry is an emerging market in Malaysia. This study focuses on identifying the factors influencing wine consumption among working professionals. 309 out of 350 questionnaires distributed in the Klang Valley, Malaysia were useful. The findings show that three factors (self-expression, health and emotion) are statistically significant in determining wine consumption behaviour among working professionals. Although marketers like to believe that their efforts drive the demand of particular wines, it was concluded that labelling and branding of wine was not correlated with wine consumption behaviour. Practical implications for wine producers and marketers are discussed.

This study investigated the quality characteristics of fermented wines using a selected strain to obtain basic data on sugarfree tomato wine production. Alcohol content of the tomato and commercial wine was 8.2~12.9%, whereas tomato wine showed a relatively low alcohol content of 8.2%. For total phenol content, Chile wine showed the highest value of 162.89 mg/100 g, followed by persimmon wine at 122.33 mg/100 g. Tomato wine showed a relatively high total phenol content of 96.57 mg/100 g. In all sections, xylose was not detected, although there were differences in free sugars depending on each product. Acetic and citric acid contents were highest in tomato wine, and the six kinds of commercial wine and tomato wine showed acetic acid content of 800.6 mg/100 g and citric acid content of 1,064.4 mg/100 g. The total free amino acid content was 100.63 mg/100 g in tomato wine, which was 2~3 times higher compared to that in commercial wine (26.33±52.15 mg/100 g).

Black fermented garlic includes many pharmacological components. Therefore, in this study, black fermented garlic wine was manufactured and its flavor compounds were investigated difference of aging chips from America and France. The fermented wine was stored at 10oC for 6 months. GC/MS was used for the flavor components analysis. Wine using American chip contained 2-methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1- butanol, acetaldehyde, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 1,1-diethoxyethane, and allyl methyl sulfide. 1-Propanol, 2- methyl-1-propanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, octanoic acid, 2- heptanone, 1,1-diethoxyethane, N-amino32-hydroxypropanamidate, n-butylamine, and chloroacetonitrile were detected as major flavor compounds using France chips. Especially, the wine contained allyl methyl sulfide that was resulted from black fermented garlic. There were more compounds that smell like fruit in the wine using American chips relatively. And allyl methyl sulfide was detected only in the wine using America chips. Whereas acetic acid was detected only in the wine using France chips

1. 막걸리 브랜드별 효모 농도 제조한 후 3일 경과된 막걸리 8종류의 제품(A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H)을 선택하여 각각의 막걸리에 대한 효모를 측정한 결 과는 Table 1과 같이 나타났다. 막걸리 8종류에 대한 효모 측 정 결과 대부분의 막걸리에 108 또는 107 CFU/㎖ 정도의 효모 를 함유하고 있었다. 그러나, 효모 농도는 최대 9.0×108 CFU/ ㎖이었으며, 최소 1.9×107 CFU/㎖를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 결과는 동일한 방법으로 우리나라 전통 막걸리를 제조하였 다고 하여도 발효 정도 및 발효에 영향을 미치는 효모 등의 미생물에 따라서 막걸리 품질이 변화될 수 있는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 효모 농도의 다양함에 따른 유통 및 저장안정성을 위한 살균공정에 대한 차별화 또한 반드시 고려해 야 할 것으로 판단되었다(Comitini 등 2011; Heard 등 1985). 2. 살균 온도에 따른 열 침투곡선 막걸리 살균 온도(65, 70, 75, 80℃)별 열 침투 정도를 확인 하기 위하여 제조한 7 ㎖의 막걸리를 시험관(길이: 12 ㎝, 직 경: 1.5 ㎝)에 가하여 막걸리가 담긴 시험관의 밑부분에서 1/3 지점의 cold point에 온도 sensor를 위치하여 각각의 살균 온 도별 열 침투 속도를 확인한 결과는 Fig. 1과 같다. 즉, heating block의 위치별 열 침투 속도의 차이를 알아보기 위해 각각의 살균온도에 대하여 시험관을 4군데 위치의 heating block에 장착하여 살균 온도에 대하여 도달되는 시간을 측정하였다. 65℃ 살균 온도에 대해서는 최소 7.9분, 최대 8.1분에 65℃에 도달하였으며, 70℃ 경우에는 최소 8.6분, 최대 9.7분에 도달 하였다. 또한 75℃ 및 80℃에서는 각각 최소 9.2분 및 9.4분, 최대 11.6분 및 11.4분을 나타내어 살균 온도가 증가함에 따라서 도달 시간 또한 증가되었으나, 75℃ 및 80℃에 도달되는 시간의 차이는 크게 다르지 않았다. 이와 같이 각각의 살균 온도별 도달 시간을 측정하므로 come-up time 및 heating time 을 확인하여 효모 농도별 막걸리의 살균 조건을 정하는 과정 에 이용할 수 있었다. 또한, heating block system의 위치별 온 도 도달 정도의 차이를 미리 확인하여 안정된 조건에서의 살 균 실험을 진행할 수 있었다. 3. 살균 온도에 따른 효모 농도별 막걸리의 열특성 막걸리의 살균 지표균으로 사용한 효모의 열에 대한 저항 성을 알기 위하여 heating block system의 살균 장치를 이용하 여 65, 70, 75℃ 및 80℃ 각각의 살균온도에서 각기 다른 시간 동안 가열한 후, 생잔균수의 변화를 반대수좌표에 표시한 결 과, 직선적 사멸곡선을 얻었다. 즉, 살균조건에 대하여 지수 적 감소 추세를 나타내었으며, 이로부터 구한 D값은 Table 2 와 같다. 살균 지표균으로 사용한 효모의 D값은 효모 농도 108 및 107인 경우 각각 65℃에서 1.87분, 0.96분 70℃에서는 0.66분, 0.51분 75℃에서는 0.26분, 0.08분 80℃에서는 0.13분, 0.14분으로 살균온도가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내 었으며, 효모 농도 106에 대해서는 살균온도가 증가할수록 감 소하는 경향은 나타내었으나, 살균온도에 따른 효모수의 변 화가 108 및 107에서와 같이 균일하게 나타나지는 않았다. 이 들 값을 log D값과 온도의 좌표에 그려본 결과, 대략적인 직 선관계를 나타내었다(Fig. 2). 이로부터 구한 살균 지표균인 효모의 Z값은 108 및 107인 경우 각각 11.4℃ 및 9.4℃를 나타 내었다. 또한, 효모 농도별로 제조한 모든 막걸리를 80℃에서 살균한 후, 살균 지표균인 효모의 생잔균수 변화에 대한 결과 를 측정해 본 결과, Z값을 구할 수 있는 범위의 효모 생잔균수 값을 나타내지는 않았다(Fig. 3). 이와 같은 결과를 살펴볼 때, 막걸리의 평균 효모 함유량이 108~107 CFU/㎖인 제품인 경우 65, 70, 75℃ 및 80℃ 살균온도 중 75℃ 살균온도가 안전할 것으로 예측할 수 있었으며, 본 실험에서 막걸리 살균조건에 따른 품질특성을 색깔, 맛 및 형상 등 관능적인 요소를 기준으로 간단하게 예비실험으로 살펴본 결과에서도 75℃에서 살균했을 경우의 막걸리에 대하여 가장 높은 선호도를 나타 내었다. 따라서, 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 향후 살균 막걸리에 대 한 최적 살균조건 확립을 위한 지속적인 연구를 진행함으로 써 막걸리 제조과정 및 저장․유통과정에서 발생할 수 있는 미생물 발효에 의한 문제점 해결에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 또한, 막걸리 살균 후, 구체적인 품질평가를 위한 규격화된 측정방법 확립이 필요할 것으로 판단되었다(Kim 등 2011; Lee 등 1991).

This study aimed to classify attendants of a wine training institute according to loyalty for wine training service program and to deduce the core managing points in a wine training program by IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis). Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 192 trainees and statistical data analysis completed using SPSS ver. 18.0. As a result of clustering analysis based on trainee loyalty from both attitude and behavioral perspectives, four classification groups were identified: a "genuine" loyalty group, a "latent" loyalty group, a "mendacious" loyalty group, and a "low" loyalty group. For the genuine loyalty group, the importance of total service quality was 4.32 on average whereas the performance was measured as 4.22; thus there was little difference between importance to quality and performance. However, for the other three groups, especially the low loyalty group, there were significant wide gaps between importance to quality and performance. According to IPA, different service quality items were posted on the 'Focus here' quadrant (a domain with high service quality importance but low performance) by group, while the other three quadrants had several common items regardless of the group. Finally, the core quality managing points were different depending on the level of trainee loyalty. Therefore, it is necessary to plan and conduct a wine training program that reflects the characteristics and needs of its students, which will lead to a differentiated management strategy according to the level of loyalty.

Studies have shown that the future of the wine market rests on the effective and efficient changes in technology to the supply chain used by most of the major global players. In today’s wine industry, companies are faced with the ever-shifting demand for their products, strict regulation and increasing price competition. Even at that, mature companies in the wine industry are succeeding by scaling up production, streamlining their supply chains, expanding into new geographic areas, implementing more efficient processes, cleverly marketing products, and focusing on ever closer relationships with suppliers, partners and customers. However, this paper looks at supply chain challenges in the wine industry from a global perspective presented in the inbound, manufacturing and outbound processes as well as offer effective solutions in order for companies to gain a competitive advantage and succeed on a global level.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of quality factors on value, satisfaction and loyalty in a wine training program. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: Structural verification of the wine training program loyalty model showed that the quality of the wine training program positively affected both value (p<0.001) and satisfaction (p<0.001). Further, the value of the wine training program positively affected satisfaction (p<0.01), which in turn positively influenced loyalty (p<0.001). The quality of the wine training program was presented as solicitude for students, textbook and curriculum, qualification and confidence of lecturer and staff, and training quality, whereas the value of the program was composed of sense of belonging, promotion of self-esteem, good impression on others, and improvement of social status. Therefore, the wine training institute's intensive management of the quality and value of the program could induce students' loyalty by enhancing satisfaction for the wine training program.

This study aimed to analyze the effect of demographic characteristics of consumers and quality recognition factors on purchase intention of organic wine, and to provide preliminary data necessary for the development of wine industry. By factor analysis of collected surveys, quality recognition factors of both the experienced and non-experienced group of organic wine environment/health, varieties of grapes, price, and four brand elements. First, among demographic characteristics, only income level hae a significant influence on the changes in quality recognition causes. Each of quality recognition causes of organic wine had a significant relation with purchase intent. The result of our analysis suggested that ‘environment/health’ was most influential for the experienced group, and ‘health’ was most influential for the non-experienced group. Therefore, this hypothesis is supported.