본 연구에서는 2016-2017년 봄철(3-5월) 동안 보성 지역에서의 해풍 발생 시 연직 기상 특성을 분석하기 위해, 해풍 발생에 대한 선정 기준을 마련하였다. 이를 위해 지상에서 측정된 강수량, 운량, 풍향과 지상과 해상 기온의 차이, 1km 고도에서의 윈드프로파일러 및 수치모델 자료를 이용한 풍속 값이 사용되었다. 선정 기준에 따라 보성지역에서의 해풍일을 분류하였고, 해풍 발생 시간 및 고도와 풍속의 크기 분석을 통해 해풍의 시공간적 특성을 파악하였다. 해풍의 발생일은 총 183일 중 23일(12%)로서, 보성지역의 경우 봄철 10일 중 최소 1.2일은 해풍이 나타났다. 해풍은 1200 LST부터 1800 LST로 낮 시간에 지상에서부터 700 m 고도까지 주로 발생하였다. 또한, 최대 풍속은 평균 4.9 m s−1로 1600 LST에 40 m 고도에서 나타나, 선행연구보다 비교적 낮은 값을 보였다. 이는 해안지형이 복잡하여 지형 효과에 따른 풍속 감소로 인한 것으로 보인다.

Observation data measured at Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) have been utilized in oceanographic and atmospheric studies since 2003. Sea level data observed at the IORS have not been paid attention as compared with many other variables such as aerosol, radiation, turbulent flux, wind, wave, fog, temperature, and salinity. Total sea level rises at the IORS (5.6 mm yr−1 ) from both satellite and tide-gauge observations were higher than those in the northeast Asian marginal seas (5.4 mm yr−1 ) and the world (4.6 mm yr−1 ) from satellite observation from 2009 to 2018. The rates of thermosteric, halosteric, and steric sea level rises were 2.7-4.8, −0.7-2.6, 2.3-7.4 mm yr−1 from four different calculating methods using observations. The rising rate of the steric sea level was higher than that of the total sea level in the case with additional data quality control. Calculating the non-steric sea level was not found to yield meaningful results, despite the ability to calculate non-steric sea level by simply subtracting the steric sea level from total sea level. This uncertainty did not arise from the data analysis but from a lack of good data, even though tide, temperature, and salinity data were quality controlled two times by Korea Hydrographic and Oceanography Agency. The status of the IORS data suggests that the maintenance management of observation systems, equipment, and data quality control should be improved to facilitate data use from the IORS.

Background: Stroke patients experience multiple dysfunctions that include motor and sensory impairments. Therefore, new intervention methods require a gradational approach depending on functional levels of a stroke patient’s activity and should include cognition treatment to allow for a patient’s active participation in rehabilitation. Objects: This study investigates the effect of integrated revision of electrical sensory stimulation, which stimulates somatosensory and action observation training, which is synchronized cognition intervention method on stroke patients’ functions. Methods: Twenty-one stroke patients were randomized into two groups. The two groups underwent twenty minutes of intervention five times a week for three weeks. This study used an electromyogram to evaluate symmetric muscle activation of lower extremities and muscle onset time when performing sit to stand before and after intervention. A weight-bearing ratio was used to evaluate the weight-bearing of the affected side in a sit to standing. To evaluate sit to stand performance ability, this study performed five timed sit to stand tests. Results: The two groups both showed statistically significant improvement in muscle onset time of lower extremity, static balance ability in a standing position, and sit to stand performance after the intervention (p < 0.05). In addition, the action observation and synchronized electrical sensory stimulation group showed significant improvement in symmetric muscle activation of lower extremities and weight–bearing ratio of the affected side (p < 0.05). Conclusion: action observation and synchronized electrical sensory stimulation (AOT with ESS) can have positive effects on a stroke patient’s sit to stand performance, and the intervention method that provides integrated AOT with ESS can be used as new nervous system intervention program.

One of the promising candidates for accident-tolerant fuel (ATF), a ceramic microcell fuel, which can be distinguished by an unusual cell-like microstructure (UO2 grain cell surrounded by a doped oxide cell wall), is being developed. This study deals with the microstructural observation of the constituent phases and the wetting behaviors of the cell wall materials in three kinds of ceramic microcell UO2 pellets: Si-Ti-O (STO), Si-Cr-O (SCO), and Al-Si-Ti-O (ASTO). The chemical and physical states of the cell wall materials are estimated by HSC Chemistry and confirmed by experiment to be mixtures of Si-O and Ti-O for the STO; Si-O and Cr-O for SCO; and Si-O, Ti-O, and Al-Si-O for the ASTO. From their morphology at triple junctions, UO2 grains appear to be wet by the Si-O or Al-Si-O rather than other oxides, providing a benefit on the capture-ability of the ceramic microcell cell wall. The wetting behavior can be explained by the relationships between the interface energy and the contact angle.

Background: Multifaceted approaches will be needed, such as global synkinesis (GS) achieve functional improvements in the arms of stroke patients from involuntary movements during exercise. Objective: To identify changes in arm GS and muscle activity, functional evaluation and the correlation with variables through action observation training, combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES), thereby verifying the effect on stroke patients. Design: A quasi-experimental study. Methods: The subjects of this study were 20 stroke patients who were divided into two groups: Control group (n=10) and experimental group (n=10). Before the intervention, arm GS and muscle activity were measured using surface electromyography (EMG), and arm function was evaluated using the Fugl– Meyer Assessment (FMA) scale. At the end of the intervention, which lasted 4-wk, arm GS and muscle activity were measured again using the same scale. Results: There was a decrease statistically significant difference in GS during the bending action in experimental group (P<.01). Both groups showed a significant difference increased only in the activity of the anterior deltoid (AD) and biceps brachii (BB) (P<.05). The results of the arm functional assessment revealed a significant difference increase in both groups (P<.05). In the between-group comparison, there was a significant difference decrease in GS during the bending action (P<.05). Only the muscle activity of the AD and BB were significantly increase different (P<.05). There was a significant betweengroup difference increase in the arm functional assessment (P<.05). There was a positive correlation between GS and muscle activity on the FMA in the control group (r=.678, P<.05). In experimental group, GS during the bending arm action exhibited a negative correlation (r=-.749, P<.05), and the muscle activity of the AD and BB showed a positive correlation (r=.701, P<.05). Furthermore, in experimental group, the activity of the extensor carpi radialis increased, and the activity of the flexor carpi radialis decreased, which exhibited a negative correlation (r=-.708, P<.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that brain plasticity could be more efficiently stimulated by combining surface stimulation in the affected arm of stroke patients.

Because some coat colors other than white and yellowish-brown are not accepted by the Jindo dog Standard, this study was conducted investigate population size for pertaining to the coat color of Jindo dogs except white and yellow-brown, the natural monument of korea during 2018. It was investigated, there were 130 black Jindo (four-eyed) dogs, 32 tiger-striped Jindo dogs, 24 black Jindo (all black) dogs , 19 grey (pepper-and-salt) Jindo dogs and 1 spotted Jindo dog in Jindo area. The coat colors Jindo dogs should not be limited to yellow and white in the breed standard, and Jindo dogs should be judged not by their coat color but by their noble characteristics. Such analyses of population size of coat colors Jindo dogs could be applied as important fundamental data for conservation and management of endangered coat colors in Jindo dogs.

K1A1 tank commander’s primary thermal sight is a device that enables tank commanders to detect, identify, aim and track the target by observing targets in all directions during day, night and in situations of smokescreen and fog through 360° rotation independent from the gunner’s primary thermal sight and stabilizing the line of sight even under the vibrations occurring when the tank is standstill and moving. The main function of this device is to detect and process visible and thermal images and deliver the final images to the tank commander. One of the core parts to that end is the observation window (daytime/ thermal image window). This core part is mounted at the entrance of the optical path for observing the target and plays the role of making visible light during the daytime and infrared light during the night pass through the target and transmitting the resultant images to the internal optical system of the tank commander’s primary thermal sight. Such core parts have been selected as depot maintenance items so that they are replaced by new parts instead of being recycled when they are subjected to maintenance in most cases. That is, the military budget is wasted because such parts are replaced by new parts despite that they can be recycled for maintenance. Therefore, this study proposed a mounting tool for polishing and coating observation windows (daytime and thermal image window) using planar polishing equipment and DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon) coating equipment. In addition, this study presented an amendment (proposal) of the Depot Maintenance Work Request (DMWR) already published to verify the performance of recycled products including the establishment of inspection standards for recycling processes.