This study is to conduct the optimal design of the fluid mixing blades in the test fluid tank for sewage treatment process. The design was made with various shapes and angles of mixing blades. Fluid mixing blades in the tank are numerically analyzed with FLUENT V.13.0. Blade1 and Blade4 had the biggest fluid pressure difference of 8.1% around the blades. And, Blade1 and Blade3 had the least fluid pressure difference of 2.55%. The biggest turbulence kinetic energy of 12.5% existed around Blade1 and Blade4. Blade1 and Blade3 had the least turbulent kinetic energy difference of 4.8%. Blade4 is the optimal design shape due to the highest turbulent kinetic energy around the blades in comparison to the other cases.

CCS is not a recent issue. Efforts to reduce carbon dioxide since the 1990s have been around the world, and the carbon dioxide emitted from post-combustion flue-gases is still enormous. Membrane technology also has been widely considered as a good candidate to enrichment of CO2, but it has not been verified about the remarkable advantages compare to the other technologies; such as amine scrubbing or physical adsorption. Numerous membranes for CO2 separation with high selectivity and permeance have been developed, but the membrane process for those applications are much less. The industrial technology to concentrate and store the carbon source has not been proved enough for its massive emission and engineering issue. Moreover, membrane technology lacks database for large scale processes. In this talk, the membrane process for CCS industry will be introduced. The considerable factors for industrial application of membrane technology will be also announced.

In this study, a model was developed to predict for Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) generated in water supply networks and consumer premises, before and after the introduction of advanced water purification facilities. Based on two-way ANOVA, which was carried out to statistically verify the water quality difference in the water supply network according to introduce the advanced water treatment process. The water quality before and after advanced water purification was shown to have a statistically significant difference. A multiple regression model was developed to predict the concentration of DBPs in consumer premises before and after the introduction of advanced water purification facilities. The prediction model developed for the concentration of DBPs accurately simulated the actual measurements, as its coefficients of correlation with the actual measurements were all 0.88 or higher. In addition, the prediction for the period not used in the model development to verify the developed model also showed coefficients of correlation with the actual measurements of 0.96 or higher. As the prediction model developed in this study has an advantage in that the variables that compose the model are relatively simple when compared with those of models developed in previous studies, it is considered highly usable for further study and field application. The methodology proposed in this study and the study findings can be used to meet the level of consumer requirement related to DBPs and to analyze and set the service level when establishing a master plan for development of water supply, and a water supply facility asset management plan.

Acetate, propionate, butyrate are the major soluble volatile fatty acids metabolites of fermented food waste leachates. This work investigate the effects of volatile fatty acid on the growth rate and NH4-N, PO4-P removal efficiency of mixotrophic microalgae Chlorella vulgaris to treat digested food waste leachates. The results showed that acetate, propionate and butyrate were efficiently utilized by Chlorella vulgaris and microalgae growth was higher than control condition. Similar trends were observed upon NH4-N and PO4-P consumption. Volatile fatty acids promoted Chlorella vulgaris growth, and nutrient removal efficiencies were highest when acetate was used, and butyrate and propionate showed second and third. From this work it could be said that using mixotrophic microalgae, in this work Chlorella vulgaris, fermented food waste leachates can be treated with high efficiencies.

셰일가스전 폐수는 총용존고형물이 10에서 200g/L로 높아 기존의 역삼투 공정으로 처리하기에 기술적 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 정삼투막을 이용한 고염폐수(TDS 70g/L) 농축을 다루고 있다. NH3-CO2 기반의 유도용액을 사용하여, 8인치 나권형 정삼투 모듈의 배열에 따른 농축 효율을 연구하였다. 유도용액 공급이 원활하면서 공급수 농축율을 높이기 위한 조건을 파악하기 위해 공급수 및 유도용액의 흐름을 직렬 및 병렬 연결을 적용하였다. 정삼투 모듈 개수 증가에 따른 성능 영향을 실험함으로써 정삼투 시스템 디자인에 활용 가능한 결과를 도출하고자 하였다. 정삼투 모듈에서 NH3-CO2 유도용액 염 역확산과 공급수염 제거율을 측정함으로써 정삼투 시스템 운영상 문제점 및 해결방안을 제시하고자 한다.

현재의 역삼투막 담수화는 전체 담수화 시장의 60%정도를 점유하고 있으며, 향후 2020년에는 70%까지 증가할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 역삼투막 공정의 Cost는 전처리 공정, 멤브레인 배치, 원수 및 최종 생산수의 요구수질 조건 등에 따라 다르므로, 설계에서 운영에 소요되는 모든 비용 구성을 이해하는 것이 중요하다. 대부분 전력비와 시설투자 비용에 80% 이상이며, 운영/유지보수에 20% 정도 차지한다. 당사에서는 역삼투막 전력비저감 및 고효율 전처리 개발과 운영/유지비용을 줄이기 위한 기술개발을 하고 있다. 또한 탈황 폐수처리를 위한 증발 무방류(Zero Liquid Discharge) 공정에 역삼투막(RO) 또는 정삼투막(FO) 공정을 결합하여 증발기의 용량을 줄여 열/전기에너지를 저감하는 공정 연구와 저염분 처리를 위한 전기화학 탈염 공정(CDI) 연구 개발을 수행하고 있다.

고강도, 내약품성, 무독성, 내연소성의 장점을 가지고 있는 PVdF (polyvinylidene fluoride) 나노섬유로 기공이 0.4 μm 평막을 제조한 후, 부직포와 평막으로 나권형 모듈을 제작하였다. 용존유기물의 흡착 제거를 위한 입상 활성탄(GAC, granular activated carbon) 흡착 컬럼과 자체 제작한 나권형 모듈로 혼성 수처리 공정을 구성하였다. 카올린과 휴믹산으로 조 제한 모사 용액을 대상으로, 처리수를 재순환하는 경우와 배출하는 경우 각각 GAC 충진량의 영향을 알아보았다. 여과실험 후 물 역세를 하여 회복률과 여과저항을 계산하였다. 또한, 탁도와 UV254 흡광도를 측정하여 GAC의 흡착 효과를 고찰하였 다. 그 결과, 처리수를 재순환하는 경우와 배출하는 경우 모두 탁도 처리율에는 GAC 충진량의 영향이 없었다, 하지만 GAC 의 UV254 흡광도 처리율이 처리수를 순환하는 경우 0.7~3.6%이었는데, 처리수를 배출하는 경우 3.2-5.7%로 증가하였다. 처리 수를 순환하는 경우 GAC의 충진량이 증가함에 따라, 가역적 여과저항(Rr)과 비가역적 여과저항(Rir)은 감소하는 경향을 보였 다. 그러나 총여과저항(Rt)은 거의 일정하였고, 물 역세 회복률(Rb)은 다소 증가하는 경향을 보였다.

Fecralloy coating layer with large surface area is suitable for use as a filter media for efficient removal of hot gaseous pollutants exhausted from combustion processes. For uniform preparation of a Fecralloy coating layer with large surface area and strong adhesion to substrate, electrospray coating and thermal treatment processes are experimentally optimized in this study. A nano-colloidal solution with 0.05 wt% Fecralloy nanoparticles is successfully prepared. Optimized electrospraying conditions are experimentally discovered to prepare a uniform coating layer of Fecralloy nanocolloidal solution on a substrate. Drying the electrospray coated Fecralloy nano-colloidal solution layer at 120oC and subsequent heating at 600oC are the best post-treatment for enhancing the adhesion force and surface roughness of the Fecralloy coating layer on a substrate. An electrospray coating system, consisting of several multi-groove nozzles, is also experimentally confirmed as a reasonable device for uniform coating of Fecralloy nano-colloid on a large area substrate

In the coagulation/sedimentation (C/S) process of the water treatment process, the inflow of massive algal bloom causes many problems including fouling of filter media. This study was conducted to find out the way to remove the algae’s harmful effects by addition of pre-treatment prior to C/S process. Many Jar-tests were conducted such as ① ACF (Algae Coagulation·Flotation) process using natural algae coagulant (Water Health®), ② ACF + C/S process and ③ C/S process with a variety of conditions using cultured algae. The average values of turbidity were ① 0.42 NTU for ACF process, ② 0.13 NTU for ACF + C/S process and ③ 0.25 NTU for C/S process. It was shown that the treatment efficiency of ACF process could get low turbidity results, and ACF + C/S process could achieve more efficient results than those of C/S process. Any negative effects of ACF process to the efficiency of C/S process were not observed in ACF + C/S process. In order to reduce the unfavorable effects of algae, it was found out that the introduction of ACF process in the forms of ① ACF or ② ACF + C/S could be one of the effective and alternative solutions.

최근 셰일가스 산업의 호황과 더불어 셰일가스전에서 배출되는 폐수처리가 중요한 환경문제로 부각되고 있다. 셰일가스전 폐수는 총 용존고형물의 농도가 10에서 200g/L로 높기 때문에 역삼투 담수공정을 적용하기에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구에서는 셰일가스전 폐수를 처리하기 위해 저압에서 운전 가능한 정삼투 공정(FO)의 적용 가능성을 연구하였다. 특히 대표적으로 널리 활용되고 있는 유도용액인 NaCl과 NH3-CO2를 사용하여 셰일가스전 폐수에 포함되어 있는 2가 양이온이 FO공정에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. FO공정 유도용액의 역확산은 막의 플럭스와 스케일로 인한 막오염에 중요한 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 통해 FO공정의 폐수 성상에 따라 유도용액 종류 선택 및 공정 디자인의 중요성이 입증되었다.

Membrane is a relatively new industrial gas separation technology and has been studied as an alternative CO2 capture technologies to amine absorption. Membrane processes have a merit such as low energy use, small footprint, no by-products formation, and simple operating condition. When applied to flue gas CO2 capture, low CO2 concentration and normal pressure of flue gas stream places a practical limits on the membrane operation. The up-to-date membranes should allow module performance to rise to levels practical for fossil-fuel power station use. In this talk, membrane module is being evaluated for flue gas treatment. Membrane processes using several membranes, which are now being studied under the R&D projects granted by KCRC, are investigated to capture CO2 from the simulated gas.

최근 막여과 정수처리에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으나, 공정설계를 위한 소프트웨어가 널리 보급되어 있지 않아서 현장적용의 어려움이 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 막여과 정수처리 공정설계를 지원할 수 있는 프로그램과 설계기법을 개발하고자 하였다.

This study was begun with the object of actively reflection the rapid technological advancements of the electronical control and mechanical control industries to sewage disposal methods. Or focuses on applying a flow control method that utilizes inverters and automatic valves to sewage treatment process systems.This study proposes that sewage treatment process systems architects must acquire a certain degree of technical skills in the areas of electrical and mechanical controls in order to raise the standard of completeness of sewage treatment process systems. And further emphasizes that there is required continuous research on automatics valves that are used in sewage treatment.

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of cooling water treatment with ionized calcium on calcium content, extending the shelf-life and quality of fresh chicken meat in poultry slaughtering process. The subjects were divided into four groups: control (0% without ionized calcium) and treatment groups (0.5, 0.7, 0.9% ionized calcium). The results indicated that the cooling water treatment with ionized calcium exhibited the bacterial counts of 105 CFU/cm2 in surface of chicken meat, and maintained the quality of fresh chicken meat with extending the shelf-life above seven days when compared with that of control group. The results found that the cooling water treatment with ionized calcium could produce the calcium enrichment of chicken meat as nine times higher in calcium content of chicken meat when compared with that of control group. pH, water holding capacity, TBARS (MDA mg/kg) in chicken meat via the cooling water treatment with ionized calcium showed 6.4, above 50, below 0.10, respectively, with preventing the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. Lightness (L*) as a chicken meat color, shear force indicated above 60, below 1.70 kg/0.5 inch2, respectively.

Recently, pollution problem in coastal water has become more serious and pollution including red tide serves as a main reason for reduction of fishes resources. Particularly, nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus are the most serious pollutants. Normally, biological wastewater treatment process is used in removing such nutrients. However, it is difficult to adopt the biological wastewater treatment process to a small-scale fish processing factory in case of using seawater as wash water. Thus, removing nutrients through struvite crystallization is investigated in this study for treating shrimp processing wastewater. Experiments were conducted by varying molar ratio of Mg2+:NH4-N:PO4-P from 1:1:1 to 2:1:1. It can be concluded that optimum molar ratio is 1:1:1. Struvite crystallization process is compared with chemical coagulation process using PAC and struvite crystallization process is proven as the more effective process in removing nutrients from wastewater. In view of results obtained from these experiments, struvite crystallization process is a promising method in removing nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater; however, not so good in removing organics. Thus, struvite crystallization process is suitable as the pre-treatment process in treating shrimp processing wastewater and additional biological process is needed to remove organics.

본 연구에서는 알루미나 정밀여과 및 광촉매 코팅 폴리프로필렌의 혼성 수처리 공정에서 물역세척 시간 (back-flushing time, BT) 및 PP 구 변화의 영향을 알아보고, 알루미나 한외여과막와 동일한 PP 비드를 사용한 선행 결과와 비 교하였다. 물역세척 주기(FT)는 10분으로 고정한 채, BT를 6~30초로 변화시키면서, 그 영향을 180분 운전 후 막 오염에 의한 저항(Rf), 투과선속(J)과 총여과부피(VT) 측면에서 고찰하였다. BT가 길어질수록 Rf는 급격히 감소하고 J는 증가하였으나, VT는 BT 10초일 때 최대였다. 탁도의 처리효율은 99.0% 이상으로 BT의 영향이 보이지 않았다. 한편, 유기물 처리효율은 역세척 없 는 조건(NBF)에서 89.0%로 가장 높았으며, BT가 길어질수록 증가하였다. 막오염 측면에서 최적 PP 비드의 투입 농도는 20 g/L이었으나, 알루미나 한외여과막와 동일한 PP 비드를 사용한 선행 결과 최적 PP 비드의 농도는 40 g/L이었다. 탁도와 유기 물 처리효율은 PP 농도 30 g/L에서 최대였으나, 선행 결과 탁도와 유기물 처리효율은 모두 PP 농도 40 g/L에서 가장 높았다.

The present study investigated the effects of processing parameters such as time (10, 20, 30, 40 min), pressure (25, 50, 75, 100 MPa), and the salinity of brine (0~10%(w/v)) on jacopever (Sebastes schlegeli Hilgendorf) in order to establish optimization of the three factors using a high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) machine. To do so, it analyzed the quality characteristics of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), trimethylamine (TMA), total bacterial counts, dynamic viscoelasticities, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) properties. First, when the time increased to 40 mins, by 10 min intervals, the total bacterial counts in HHP groups under 25℃, 100 MPa, and 4%(w/v) brine were significantly decreased except for the first 10 min in comparison to the control group. In regards to DSC properties, the onset temperature (TO) of the first endothermal curve was significantly reduced. Second, when the pressure level increased up to 100 MPa by 25 MPa increments, the total bacterial counts in the HHP samples significantly decreased for 20 min at 50 MPa or higher. As the pressure increased, G′, G″ and the slope of tan δ decreased (except for 50 MPa). Third, in regards to the salinities of brine, when the HHP processing was treated at 100 MPa, 25℃ for 20 min, the total bacterial counts of all the HHP groups significantly decreased in comparison to those of the control group. A significant difference was found in the enthalpy of the second endothermic curve in the 6~10%(w/v) (except 7%(w/v)) HHP groups. Therefore, the salinity of the immersion water under the HHP condition was appropriate when it was lower than 6%(w/v). The present study demonstrated that the optimum parameter condition according to/under the condition of the microbial inhibition and economic effects using an HHP would be the reaction time for 20 min, reaction pressure at 100 MPa, and the salinity of 4%(w/v) brine.

수온 상승에 따른 조류 등 이취미 물질의 증가, 미량 유해물질의 검출로 인해 기존 여과 공정으로 시민들의 수질 기대조건을 충족할 수 없기 때문에 오존+활 성탄 등의 고도정수처리 공정의 도입이 활성화되었으며, 이미 대도시, 광역단위 에는 고도정수처리 공정 도입이 완료된 상황이다. 대부분의 국내 정수장의 여과 공정은 급속 모래여과 공정으로 구성되어 있으며, 10년간 막여과 공정이 등장하여 여과 공정에 따른 후단 오존+활성탄 공정에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것이 필요하다고 판단되었다. 서울시 Y 정수장에 설치된 고도정수처리 파일럿 플랜트 를 활용하여 고도정수처리 공정에 모래여과수와 막여과수가 유입되었을 경우 수질 및 제거율의 변화와 활성탄 표면 변화를 관찰하였고 이를 통해 막여과 정수처리 공정 도입 필요성을 검토하였다.