This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding TMR(Total Mixed Ration) with Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai of Jeju cross-bred horses on the body weight and blood composition. Fourteen herds of Jeju cross-bred horses older than 36 months were selected as experimental animals. The experiment was conducted by dividing the herds into seven herds for feeding TMR with 20% Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai(treatment) and another seven herds for feeding TMR without Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai(control) and water were fed ad libitum. In the 12th week, the MPV(mean platelet volume) was statistically significantly higher with Sasa TMR than with control (p<0.05). However, both MPV levels are within a normal range and there were no health problems. With regard to the levels of cholesterol, there was a statistically significant difference between the 33.8±5.9 ㎎/㎗ with individual management and 25.4±8.2 ㎎/ ㎗ with control group (p<0.05). But It are also within a normal range and there were no health problems. In conclusion, feeding TMR with 20% Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai of Jeju cross-bred horses could be utilized as a feeding method for horse.

Objective: Limited evidence exists concerning whether combined pharmacotherapy is more effective than monotherapy for increased smoking abstinence and post-cessation weight gain prevention. This research investigated the effect of combined pharmacotherapy on smoking abstinence and post-cessation weight change. Methods: A meta-analytic review of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) published between January 1990 and July 2016 was conducted across PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Aggregate fixed effects were estimated for continuous abstinence and mean post-cessation weight change. Keyword search terms included: “smoking cessation,” “naltrexone”, “varenicline”, and “bupropion”. Results: Eight RCTs with 2,513 participants were included. Aggregate fixed effect estimates revealed an increase in continuous smoking abstinence (OR = 1.81, p < .001) and mean decrease in post-cessation weight change (-.15 kg, p = .001). Decreased weight change was observed at 6-8 weeks follow-up (-.14 kg, p = .02). Increased mean weight change was observed among varenicline plus nicotine patch abstainers (.21 kg, p = .01), whereas bupropion plus NRT pharmacotherapies showed decreased mean weight change (-.15 kg, p = .01). Conclusion: Combination pharmacotherapy generates increased smoking abstinence and small short-term post-cessation weight change among abstainers, particularly among bupropion plus NRT when compared against varenicline plus nicotine patch.

다랑어로부터 추출한 histidine 함유 저분자 peptide의 항산화능을 평가한 결과, histidine, 1-methylhistidine, carnosine과 anserine을 포함한 histidine 관련 화합물과 다랑어에서 추출한 histidine 함유 저분자 peptide는 DPPH 라디칼 소거능력을 지녔고, 농도가 증가함에 따라 효과 또한 증가하였다. 다랑어 추출물은 2차 이온교환 처리물이 carnosine 과 anserine의 dipeptide와 유사한 결과를 나타냈으며, 가열처리와 한외여과를 병행한 경우와 이온교환과 한외여과 처리를 한 동결물의 경우 ascorbic acid와 유사한 라디칼 소거능을 나타냈다. Histidine 함유 dipeptide 중에서 anserine이 가장 높은 환원력을 나타내었으며, carnosine은 두 번째로 강한 환원력을 나타내었다. Dipeptide와 비교하 여 황다랑어, 눈다랑어 추출물이 높은 환원력을 나타내었으며, 농도가 증가할수록 환원력이 증가하였다. 다랑어 추출물 원육에서의 SOD 유사활성은 약했으나, 가열처리와 한외여과를 병행하였을 때, 황다랑어 눈다랑어 추출물이 농도별로 4.0-19.4%, 5.7-20.6%로 나타났으며, 이온교환과 한외여과를 병행하였을 때, 8.3-27.9%, 5.4-25.0%, 2차 이온교환 처리를 하였을 때, 8.2-29.5%, 8.6-32.1%로 활성이 증가하였다. Linoleic acid를 기질로 하여 저장기간에 따른 자동산화의 중간생성물인 과산화물의 변화를 측정한 결과 CM-cellulose의 처리 동결건조물은 ascorbic와 유사하게 지질산화능이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 인체 내의 pH 변화를 고려하여 pH 1.2, pH 3.0, pH 4.2로 조절하여 아질산염의 소거능을 살펴보았을 때, 황다랑어 추출물의 경우 25.14%, 15.09%, 13.71%, 눈다랑어 추출물은 27.44%, 18,28% 18.09%로 pH 1.2, pH 3.0에서 carnosine과 anserine보다 낮지만 pH 4.2에서 histidine 보다 높은 소거능을 보였다.

본 연구는 대륜 국화 ‘백마’의 생육 특성인 생체중, 건물중, 엽면적을 조사하여, 생장 및 기후요소에 따른 생장 예측모델 개발을 위하여 수행되었다. 정식후 일수 및 누적온도에 따른 국화의 건물중 및 엽면적 분석에 기반한 ‘백마’의 생장예측을 위한 시그모이드 회귀모델을 개발하였다. ‘백마’의 건물중 상대 생장률(RGR)은 재배기간 평균 0.084 g·g-1·d-1이었다. 정식 후 재배 기간에 따른 건물중에 대한 상대 생장률은 정식 초기부터 단일처리 전까지 높았으며 최고 0.133 g·g-1·d-1까지 증가하였고, 63일째 단일처리가 시작된 후 수확 시기에서는 0.030 g·g-1·d-1으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 누적온도에 따른 국화의 건물중, 엽면적에 대한 생장 모델(sigmoid 곡선)을 개발하였다. 정식 후 일수와 누적온도에 따른 ‘백마’의 건물중 및 엽면적은 지수함수적으로 증가하였으며, 건물중의 경우 63일(누적온도 1601℃)까지 평균 39.1%씩 증가하였고, 이후 평균 7.4%씩 증가하였다. 엽면적의 경우 정식 후 28일차 까지 평균 63.3%씩 증가하였고, 화아분화가 발생하기 전인 84일차까지 평균 6.5%씩 증가하였으며 화아 분화가 발생하 기 전 84일까지 평균 6.5%로 증가했고, 이후 수확 전까지 평균 10.6%씩 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 본 실험은 충남지역에 서 대륜 국화 ‘백마’의 재배관리 체계와 계획적 연중 생산 체계를 구축하는데 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있다. 보다 정밀한 생육 예측 모델을 만들기 위해서는 누적 일사량을 포함한 다양한 기상자료를 바탕으로 하여 교정 및 검증이 필요하다.

작물의 생체중을 추정하기 위해 다양한 연구가 시도되었지만, 이미지를 활용하여 생체중을 추정한 예는 없었다. 최근 합성곱 신경망을 사용한 이미지 처리 연구가 늘고 있으며, 합성곱 신경망은 미가공 데이터를 그대로 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 합성곱 신경망을 이용하여 미가공 데이터 상태인 특정 시점의 파프리카 이미지를 입력으로 작물의 생체중을 추정하도록 학습하였다. 실험은 파프리카(Capsicum annuum L.)를 재배하는 온실에서 수행하였다. 합성곱 신경망의 출력값인 생체중은 파괴조사를 통해 수집한 데이터를 기반으로 회귀 분석하였다. 학습된 합성곱 신경망의 결정 계수(R2)의 최고값은 0.95로 나타났다. 생체중 추정값은 실제 측정값과 매우 유사한 경향성을 보여주었다.

In recent years, studies on various 3D scanner applications, including those on quality control and reverse engineering, have been conducted in the shipbuilding industry. Appropriate scanner selection, scanning environment setting by targets, and data postprocessing are essential for effective 3D scanning projects for small crafts. In this study, a non-contact handheld-type 3D scanner was used for molds and hull products for the 10– 30-ft class of small crafts. Small crafts have fewer geometric features and several glare surfaces; thus, anti-glare and texture feature addition preprocessing is critical. The 3D scanning results are used for geometry quality control of single panels and curved surfaces in craft hulls. Consequently, international rule-based weight estimation calculation sheets have been developed and applied for product weight quality control.

본 논문에서는 도서 지역 화물 및 승객 운송을 맡은 연안 항해용 친환경 차도선을 개발하면서, 검토된 주요 결과들에 대해서 논의한다. 시장에서의 경제성을 확보하기 위하여, 폭 19 m를 최종 개발모델 및 갑판면적에 많은 차량이 배치되도록 고려하였다. 조파저항 감소를 위해 선형 형상은 “V”에 선수벌수를 접목하였으며, 수치해석을 통해 개발 선박의 유체역학적 성능을 확인하였다. 선가를 직접 결정짓는 선각 중량을 감소하기 위하여, 최적화 전문 프로그램에 내재된 다목적 최적화 방법인 파레토 시뮬레이트 어닐링을 활용하여 약 3.9 %의 중량 절감을 달성하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 도출된 주요 결과들은 추후 쌍동형 차도선 관련 연구를 수행하는 엔지니어와 관련 산 업에 좋은 선례가 될 것으로 기대한다.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the current status and needs of nursing education for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in Korea, and to obtain preliminary information to develop a simulation-based educational program on nursing care for nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICUs). Method: Descriptive survey design was adopted in developing an ELBW infant nursing education program. Data were collected from 71 NICU nurses using a questionnaire survey. Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) (version 23) for windows was used to analyze the frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation of the collected data. Results: Seventy-one nurses working in the NICU reported that majority of them (76.1%) had experience in ELBW infants’ nursing education. The following were highly recommended for simulated training by NICU nurses: nursing intervention immediately after birth in ELBW infants (69.0%), NICU‘ initial admission nursing (66.2%), and frequency response coping nursing (57.7%). Conclusion: The study revealed that there is a considerable need for the ELBW infants nursing education program. The results of this survey will ultimately provide a basis for developing simulation-based ELBW infants nursing training programs for NICU nurses.

Background: The consequences of falls are often debilitating, and prevention is important. In theory, the lower the center of mass (COM), the greater postural stability during standing, and a weight belt at the waist level may help to lower the COM and improve the standing balance. Objects: We examined how the limit of stability (LOS) was affected by the lowered center of mass with the weight belt. Methods: Twenty healthy individuals participated in the LOS test. After calculating each participant’s COM, a weight belt was fastened ten centimeters below the COM. Trials were acquired with five weight belt conditions: 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% of body weight. Outcome measures included reaction time, movement velocity, endpoint excursion, maximum excursion, and directional control in 4 cardinal moving directions. Results: None of our outcome variables were associated with a weight belt (p > 0.075), but all of them were associated with moving direction (p < 0.01). On average, movement velocity of the COM and maximum excursion were 31% and 18% greater, respectively, in mediolateral than anteroposterior direction (5.4°/s vs. 4.1°/s; 97.5% vs. 82.6%). Conclusion: Our results suggest that postural stability was not affected by the weightinduced lowered COM, informing the development and improvement of balance training strategies.

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the structural effects of subbase materials and surface layer thickness obtained from different sites. METHODS : Using a falling weight deflectometer, structural indexes such as SM(r), surface curvature index, base damage index, base curvature index, and AREA, were determined and compared with those of the control section. The back-elastic moduli for each layer were evaluated using the BALM program, and the tensile and compressive strains were analyzed using the KENLAYER program. The damage analysis was conducted to determine both the permanent deformation and fatigue cracking under repeated loading. RESULTS : Increasing the surface layer can improve the elastic moduli of the construction section and compensate for the inclusion of different percent finer within 5% in the subbase layer. CONCLUSIONS : The structural effect of adding 5% of 50 m/m aggregate can be compensated for by increasing the thickness of the surface layer.

2016년 3월 6.67톤 어선이 크레인 작업을 하던 중 복원성 상실로 인한 전복 사고가 발생하였다. 전복은 충돌, 접촉, 좌초, 화재 및 폭발의 결과로 발생한 사고는 제외하고 선박이 뒤집힌 것을 말한다. 지난 9년동안(2010-2018), 전복 사고는 전체 해양사고의 2.34%를 차 지하고 있으며 증가와 감소를 반복하고 있다. 10톤 미만 소형어선의 주된 전복사고 원인은 부적절한 선적에 따른 복원성 상실이다. 어선 법에 따르면 소형 어선은 복원성과 1톤 미만 제한 하중 크레인에 대해서 복원성과 예비검사를 면제해 주고 있다. 본 연구는 고성에서 발 생한 소형 어선의 전복 사고 재결서의 원인으로 언급된 사항 중 크레인 증량에 따른 복원 모멘트 감소에 대해 실제 제원이 비슷한 어선 을 모델링하여 이를 통해 사고 전·후의 어선 상태를 가상하여 복원성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 기존 보다 무거운 크레인으로의 교체 시에는 복원 모멘트 감소와 현단몰입각의 감소로 전복의 위험성이 증가되었다. 표준재화 상태에서는 입·출항시 보다는 어로 활동을 하고 있는 상황에서의 복원 모멘트가 감소되는 것을 확인하였다.

Background: A backpack is available equipment for moving some objects. Most studies have found that the appropriate weight limit of backpack for students is between 10% to 15% of their body weight (BW). However, Some students should carry a backpack heavier than 15% of BW. Therefore, It is associated with abnormal shoulder and neck posture on students. Objects: This study tested the effects that various amounts of weight carried by university students in their backpacks had on their cervical posture and electromyography of neck muscle. Methods: The subjects consisted of 12 students (6 male, 6 female) in university. There were three loading conditions tested: no backpack, a backpack that weighed 10% and 15% of the student’s BW. The dependent variables were the craniovertebral angle (tragus to C7) and the neck muscle activities (sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius). All 12 subjects were asked to walk while wearing a backpack for 5 minutes and were then instructed to rest for 2 minutes. Results: When assessing the craniovertebral angle, the results of this study were significantly decreased in the order of 0%, 10%, and 15%. And then, there were significantly increased electromyography of neck muscles that comparison of the weight of 10% and 15% on 0%. It was found that as the weight of the backpack increased, the craniovertebral angle decreased (p < 0.05) and the muscle activities increased (upper trapezius p = 0.012, sternocleidomastoid p = 0.013). Conclusion: Our study recommended that some students shouldn’t carry on over the 15% backpack of own weight, and also they should distribute backpack load to equal on body for optimal posture.

In this study, the injection pressure of 31 MPa and clamping force of 1,000 kN toggle electric injection molding machine were used to measure the load transmitted to the frame during injection molding and to use it as the design basis data. In general, the toggle structure is composed of a movable plate, tie bars, crossheads, toggle links, toggle pins, base plates, etc and The material is spherical graphite cast iron(FCD 400). In this study, it was found that there was a 1.3% safety factor by calculating the clamping force in the structure of the five-point toggle link system. In addition, Expected static bottom load, Expected dynamic additional load, Maximum expected additional load, and Maximum weight load were measured using tensile measurements and presented as important basic design data of the assembly.

A zinc-air battery is one of most promising advanced batteries due to its high specific energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, zinc anodes in zinc-air batteries lead to several issues including self-discharge, corrosion reaction, and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this paper, viscosity of electrolyte has been controlled to suppress the corrosion reaction, HER, and self-discharge behavior. Various viscosity average molecular weights of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) are adopted to prepare the electrolyte. The evaporation of electrolytes is proportional to the increase in molecular weight. In addition, enhanced self-discharge behavior is obtained when the gelling agent with high molecular weight is used. In addition, the zinc-air cell assembled with lower viscosity average molecular weight of PAA (Mv ~ 450,000) delivers 510.85 mAh/g and 489.30 mAh/g of discharge capacity without storage and with 6 hr storage, respectively. Also, highest capacity retention (95.78 %) is obtained among studied materials.