In this paper, we proposed some direction to effective development of gamification. To achieve this purpose, we performed an extensive literature review. Based on game mechanics and game dynamics, we analyzed 145 cases for both domestic sites(15 cases) and international sites(130 cases) by keyword search methods. Results showed that the successful cases(n=32) applied more features of game mechanics and game dynamics in various ways. Through this, we tried to build up categorization of gamification, the major applications of gamification can be converged into five primary areas: public policy, medical welfare, education, environmental protection and corporation. Finally, we discussed about implications of using gamification for future direction.
Abalone aquaculture has developed very rapidly in Korea. Until the mid 1990s it has annually produced about 100 tons. Since then the yield has increased to about 9,000 tons in 2012. The amount accounts for 20% of the global abalone yield. About 86% of produced abalone is consumed domestically and the rest is exported. 100 tons for export seemed as an unattainable goal back in 2003. However, the export rose up to 1,333 tons in 2012. Despite its rapid growth, Korean abalone industry is faced with some problems. The first is the slowdown of yield increase rates. Abalone production increased by 50〜60% until the mid 2000. However, the rate continued to drop to below 10%. Reasons behind the slow increase are deteriorating aquaculture grounds and worsening market problems. Constant aquaculture aggravated productivity and overcrowded facilities at a limited space made matters worse. Moreover, abalone export has stalled and so did domestic consumption. In the meantime, rising mortality of young abalone has lowered productivity at abalone breeding places. The mortality rates of abalone remained below 5% in the early 2000s but rose to 30〜40% these days. This translates into rising abalone prices. The market problems imply stagnant or shrinking export as well as domestic consumption. The export increase rates took a nosedive from 200 to below 50 between the early 2000s and the late 2000s. Moreover, the increase rates of domestic consumption have become remarkably sluggish. According to, it stood at 50〜60% in the mid 2000s but continued to decrease after 2008. These problems, in turn, affected the size of abalone. The usual abalone size for market was 10〜12 shells per kg, but recently the size became smaller and smaller to 15〜16 shells per kg. The change of size implies shift in consumption patterns: Consumers not only eat live abalone but also they cook soup with it. The size of abalone for uncooked dish is usually very big, like 10〜12 shells per kg. In contrast, smaller abalone, such as 20〜25 shells per kg, are used for making soup. Increasing use of smaller abalone leads to lower income of abalone aquaculture households. This is partly because that the size determines the price and the price gap between big abalones and smaller ones is extreme in Korea. For the sustainable growth of Korean abalone industry, we need to come up with strategies. First, a reasonable production system needs to be in place, especially for better management of abalone aquaculture grounds. Management of abalone licenses is also necessary because local governments issue relevant licenses as well as supervising abalone grounds. Second, abalone export destination need to be diversified. Japan, the major importer of Korean abalone, takes up a lion’s share of export, at 95%. Third, new consumption style of abalone needs to be developed. Abalone used to be consumed as‘raw type’or Sashimi in Korea. This sole type of consumption hampers the growth of abalone market. Moreover, more strategies are needed to encourage and distribute home cooking of abalone rather than eating-out at restaurants. Last but not least, distribution system should be improved for better delivery of live abalone.
This study was designed to measure taste sensitivity and the five basic senses by an educational classification instrument. The instrument was a rice kit that could use samples in a dry powder form or oil extract after long-term storage To test for taste, sucrose, salt, citric acid, and quinine sulfate were made at different concentrations and taste sensitivity was measured on a scale from level 1 to level 5. To obtain baseline data, an inspection tool for the five senses was used and randomly applied on 101 schoolchildren in the third and fourth grade in the city of Cheonan in Korea. The inspection tool was composed of 17 questions; 5 questions regarding visual characteristics and three questions each for characteristics regarding taste, hearing, smell, and touch. The average age of the schoolchildren was 9.5 years old and there were 49 third grade students (9 years of age), and 52 fourth grade students (ten years of age). There were slightly more male students than female students, 56 (55.4%) compared to 45 (44.6%), respectively. The average height of female students was higher than that of males, but the average BMI (body mass index) of the male students was slightly higher than that of female students (18.28 compared to 18.09, respectively). Female students were slightly more sensitive to salty tastes than male students (2.8 compared to 2.5, respectively). In the score distribution for each sense, touch sense was the highest at 7.59, sight sense was 7.49, hearing sense was 5.43, smell sense was 5.24, and taste sense was lowest at 3.69. Therefore, schoolchildren first tend to recognize and deem important the touch and sight of food before its taste.
고분자 분리막을 이용한 기체 분리막은 높은 에너지 효율, 경제적인 장점으로 최근 수년간 지속적으로 개발되어왔다. 최적화된 경제적 성능을 얻기 위하여 기체 분리막은 높은 투과도와 선택도를 가져야 한다. 따라서 기체분리 분리막용으로 다양한 고분자를 시험한 연구 결과들이 보고되어 왔다. 다양한 소재 중, 폴리이미드는 다양한 기체인자에 대하여 높은 투과 선택도와 높은 화학적 열적 안정성, 그리고 물리적 안정성으로 많은 주목을 받아왔다. 따라서 본고에서는 기체분리용 폴리이미드 소재의 개발동향과 분리막의 제조방법, 기체 분리의 원리에 대하여 다루었다.
This paper gives a definition of the heating facility-Heated Kang and its primary form in northeast Asia using the method of typology. It also analyzes the origin and development of Heated Kang based on archaeological traces and literature materials, and traces back the word "Kang" from the viewpoint of linguistics, in order to make clear the origin time, place and development of Heated Kang.
최근 들어 혼합된 수용액으로부터 이온성을 가지는 부류의 물질들을 분리하기 위한 갖가지 화학적 물리적 방법들이 이용되어 왔다. 그중 분리막 접촉기를 이용한 막 투과추출공정은 오폐수와 같은 오염물 안의 중금속, 탄화수소계열 물질들을 투과추출 공정에 의해 회수할 수 있기 때문에 의약, 석유화학, 화공분야에서 분리시스템 그리고 회수를 위한 대안으로서 각광받아 왔다. 또한 투과추출공정은 쉬운 구동, 낮은 에너지 소모, 낮은 운영비, 높은 선택도와 같은 장점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 투과추출공정용으로의 응용을 위하여 그동안 개발된 분리막의 몇 가지 예와 그들의 성능에 대하여 조사하였다.
This paper gives a definition of the heating facility—Heated Kang and its primary form in northeast Asia using the method of typology. It also analyzes the origin and development of Heated Kang based on archaeological traces and literature materials, and traces back the word “Kang” from the viewpoint of linguistics, in order to make clear the origin time, place and development of Heated Kang.
Hydrogen is in the spotlight as an alternative next generation energy source for the replacement of fossil fuels because it has high specific energy density and emits almost no pollution, with zero CO2 emission. In order to use hydrogen safely, reliable storage and transportation methods are required. Recently, solid hydrogen storage systems using metal hydrides have been under extensive development for application to fuel cell vehicles and fuel cells of MCFC and SOFC. For the practical use of hydrogen on a commercial basis, hydrogen storage materials should satisfy several requirements such as 1) hydrogen storage capacity of more than 6.5wt.% H2, moderate hydrogen release temperature below 100˚C, 3) cyclic reversibility of hydrogen absorption/desorption, 4) non toxicity and low price. Among the candidate materials, Li based metal hydrides are known to be promising materials with high practical potential in view of the above requirements. This paper reviews the characteristics and recent R&D trends of Li based complex hydrides, Li-alanates, Li-borohydrides, and Li-amides/imides.
This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of Eungi, which is used as a breakfast or health food. We manufactured lotus root starch and Eungi by a traditional method and discovered that the viscosity of Eungi with 4-5% starch content was similar to fermented milk. When the physicochemical properties and sensory acceptability of a Eungi beverage combined with different amounts (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) of lotus root starch were investigated, consumer acceptability was highest with Eungi combined with 0.5% starch and 6% sugar. When the physicochemical properties and sensory acceptability of Eungi beverage combined with different extract bases were investigated, the acceptability of taste and texture was highest with purple sweet potato extract and the acceptability of color was highest with omija extracts.
In this paper, low birth rate due to aging in adramatic increase in the older population diversified modern social welfare services to meet the demand of the Ubiquitous Network approach to the introduction of social welfare through feasibility studies, modern social welfare facilities for the operation of the future direction and development of alternative to evaluate the present
The dissemination process of agricultural research and development (R&D) results has somewhat different characteristics from that of typical R&D results. However, these characteristics are not adequately considered on the basis of an examination of the current performance system, the resulting management plans, and strategies for the application and dissemination of the results of agricultural R&D in Korea. The performance evaluation indicator exposed the problem of the inadequate consideration of the characteristics of each of these areas, particularly the lack of unified R&D-related institutions and the inadequacy of the system to monitor outcomes. To address these shortcomings in the agricultural R&D programs in Korea, the policies pertaining to agricultural R&D performance, results management, and dissemination in the U.S. and Japan were examined. Based on these investigations, we proposed strategies to improve the agricultural R&D policies in Korea.
Related research on artificial cultivation of the edible fungi in modern China can be traced back to 100 years ago. The earliest article about the cultivation techniques of the edible fungi was published in 1897 on Agricultural Study Newspaper sponsored by Shanghai Agricultural Society. From the late 1800s to 1940s, the elder generation of scholars including Zou Bingwen, Hu Changzhi, Pan Zhinong, Li Shiyi, Sun Yunwei, and Yu Xiaotie, etc. not only introduced many foreign techniques in edible fungi cultivation a nd disseminated scientific knowledge and cultivation techniques, but also held various edible fungi talents training courses, set up experimental bases, and conduct edible fungi cultivation experiments. Those have laid a preliminary foundation for the modernization of China’s edible fungi cultivation techniques. After the founding of the PRC, the edible fungi cultivation industry has gained more space for development, and has achieved many milestone achievements, mainly including the tremella artificial cultivation technique, the hedgehog hydnum artificial cultivation technique, the Xianggu artificial cultivation with crushed-wood material technique, the white mushroom fine breed selection and breeding and cultivation technique improvement, the black fungus cultivation with crushed-wood material and fine breed selection and breeding, and the golden needle mushroom find breed selection and year-round cultivation technique innovation, as well as the acclimatization of wild edible fungi and the development of new varieties of edible fungi. These inventions and innovations have provided solid technical support to the development of the edible fungi industry in China. The reform and opening-up starting 1978 has provided a favorable policy environment for the development of the edible fungi industry in China. In the period of more than 30 years thereafter, the edible fungi industry in China has been developing rapidly, with the annual yield rocketing from 60,000 tons in 1978 to 20.2 million tons in 2009, and the proportion of the yield against total world yield growing from 5% in the past to more than 70% at present. During this historical period, many research institutions and scientific research staffs have made important contributions to the development of the edible fungi industry in China. Among them, the most important achievements are made by Researcher Chen Meipeng from the Institute of Edible Fungi of Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Professor Yang Xinmei from Huazhong Agricultural University, Researcher Huang Nianlai from Fujian Sanming Mycological Institute, and Professor Zhang Shuting from Chinese University of Hong Kong. When we look back, we treasure the outstanding achievements made by the elder generation of scholars on the development of the edible fungi industry in China. When we look into the future, we are geared with enthusiasm and confidence, and we will work hard to achieve higher in the edible fungi industry in China.