본문은 성악 공연의 시각에 기반하여 운남 미도산가(弥渡山歌)를 언어특징, 수사예술 및 언어형태의 표현방식을 연구하였다. 먼저 미도산가 언어의 문화적 특징을 설명하기 위해 운남 미도지 역의 특수한 문화가 미도산가에 미친 영향과 미도지역의 생산방식이 미도산가의 언어 표현 방식에 미친 영향을 서술하였다. 여기서는 주로 차마고도(茶马古道)의 음악문화 및 타지역과 다른 민속풍습을 담 은 미도산가 언어의 완곡하고 함축적인 특징을 간략하게 소개하였다. 그 다음으로 미도산가의 언어적인 특징과 수사(修辭)의 예술적 측면을 연구하였다. 지방 방언의 언어 특징이 미도산가의 스타일에 미치는 영향과 미도산가의 수사 수법이 미도산가의 의사 전달에 미치는 영향을 포함하였다. 마지막으로 구체적인 작품을 예로 들어 미도산가 언어 형태의 표현방식을 논의하였다.

고도의 경제성장을 이루고 있는 현대 사회에 다양한 미술사 조가 계속 나타나고, 전통문화와 사회현실과의 갈등, 고대 문명과 외래문화의 충돌은 끊임없이 일어나고 있다. 이런 상황에서 새로운 그림의 형태도 파생되고 있다. 각종 회화의 새로운 도구, 신소재, 새로운 관념, 그리고 다른 예술 형식의 도입과 벤 치마킹으로 인해, 공필 화조화는 예술적 특징, 형식 언어, 미학적 스타일이 다원화하는 구조를 보이고 있다. 본 논문은 당대의 공필 화조화의 창작 제재, 전통 선묘 혁신, 디자인 색채의 응용, 새로운 구도의 추구, 그리고 아름다운 예술적 경지에 대한 추구 등 방면에서 당대의 공필 화조화 소재와 표현의 다양한 측면을 자세히 묘사하였다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 공필 화조화의 회화 형식을 풍부하게 하고 당대의 공필 화조화의 혁신을 넓히기를 바란다.

정보통신 기술의 발전과 더불어 기계번역, 음성인식, 언어자료 데이터베이스(DB) 구축 등 언어처리 시스템의 실현에 있어서 자연언어처리(NLP)의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한·중 문법구조 대응 방법에 대한 자연언어처리의 정확도를 높이기 위한 방법을 모색하고자 ‘있다’에 대응하는 중국어 단어인 ‘有，在，着’를 중심으로 한국어와 중국어의 대응 구조를 분석하였다. 이와 관련하여 한국인 중국어 학습자들이 자주 범하는 오류 유형에 대해 Google 번역을 시도하고 그 결과를 분석하여 오류를 수정·보완할 수 있는 해결 방안을 제시 하였다. 본 연구가 한국어와 중국어를 위한 전산시스템을 구축하는 데 도움이 되길 기대한다.

This study examines the characteristics of Virtual Advertisements, particularly with respect to the formal and content characteristics of Virtual Advertisements. Among the expressions of language, the discussion was particularly centered on linguistic solidarity. Text cohesion can be explored in terms of cohesion, which means content and semantic association of text, and condensation that refers to grammatical association of text layers. There were two ways to maintain the verbal bonds of virtual advertising: morphological and syntactic method. Morphological methods can be largely divided into two ways: to maintain the consistency of text by repeating the same word, or to maintain the consistency of text by using vocabulary in the same category. The syntactic method was studied, focused on the syntactic condensation that appears in the language expressions of the front and rear scenes of virtual advertising. Specific methods of syntactic condensation devices can be divided into five types: distich, sentence connection, sentence response, omission and rhetorical connection.

This study adopts the viewpoint that understanding linguistic aspects of different groups is efficient to promote a person's world view, which leads to increasing intercultural sensitivity(IS). The first goal is to examine the IS of the entire participants who experienced different languages. The second goal is to examine the difference in IS according to students' linguistic and cultural backgrounds. This study collected and analyzed quantitative and qualitative data through surveys at a school accepting diverse languages. As a result, first, the overall IS of the participants turned out to be in the Adaptation phase(AP) indicating ethnorelative world views. Second, multicultural family students(MS) were found to have higher IS compared to general students and to face solving communication issues with students of different backgrounds in the AP. General students are first found to have some issues left in the Minimization phase they need to solve, but an indepth analysis has shown that they are also in the AP since they face solving the similar issues to MS. This study, finally, puts forward some suggestions on dealing with multicultural languages.

This study intends to review ≪The Subject's Linguistic Theory≫, the 1st volume of the Linguistics Collection, published in 2005 by the Institute of Linguistics at the Academy of Social Sciences. The Linguistics Collection was published with the aim of summing up the achievements of the linguistics research conducted by North Korea after its liberation from Japanese colonial rule, and the fact that ≪The Subject's Linguistic Theory≫ was selected as the 1st volume of this series means that this field is the best manifestation of the nature of North Korean linguistics. This study aims to see how North Korea's language perception differs from or same as ours, and eventually to explore the possibility of mutual communication of linguistic studies conducted in the South and the North. In section 1, it explains the overall purpose of the study, and in section 2, it examines the process in which the North's linguistic theory, called “The Subject's Linguistic Theory,” has been formed, and in section 3, it analyzes the contents of ≪The Subject's Linguistic Theory≫ (2005), published as part of the Linguistics Collection. In section 4, we attempt to present the necessity of meta-linguistics and the role of social linguistics through the theoretical questions that this 'The Subject's Linguistic Theory' poses to us.

This study aims to show that language purification policies are the most important factors that influence Korean language differentiation, based on the premise that Korean is a pluricentric language having two regional varieties: South Korean P’yojuno and North Korean Munhwao. To this end, on the basis of a precedent study that analyzed regional variation mechanisms in French through four factors—terminological, socio-terminological, psycho-terminological, and extra-terminological—we identified two factors having great influence on the language change in South and North Korean societies: socio-terminological and extra-terminological. We also found that these factors precisely correspond to two categories in Kloss's(1969) theory of language planning— corpus planning and status planning; this confirmed that we should consider Korean language differentiation from the standpoint of language policy. There are many factors that cause language differentiation, and there is no doubt that these factors also have complex interrelationships. However, this study is all the more meaningful in that it uses systematic analysis to state that language policy plays an important role in Korean language differentiation.

과학영재교육 관점에서 성공지능 이론은 영재교육과정이 과학영재의 특성에 맞게 제시되고 있는지를 파악할 수 있는 수단이 된다. 이 연구의 목적은 초등 과학영재교육 교재에 제시된 발문 특성을 Sternberg의 성공지능 관점을 적용 하여 분석하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 교육청 영재교육원 2곳과 대학부설 영재교육원 1곳의 초등 과학영재교육 교재에 제시된 발문 각각 143개와 134개를 추출한 후, 이렇게 추출된 발문들의 구조적 특성에 차이가 있는지를 비교하기 위해 언어네트워크분석 방법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교육청 및 대학부설 영재교육원의 교재는 분석적 능력, 창의적 능력, 실행적 능력 등과 같은 성공지능을 균형 있게 반영하지 못하고 있었다. 둘째, 교육청 및 대학부설 영재교육원의 교재는 학생들에게 ‘문제 확인하기’, ‘정보 표상하고 조직하기’, ‘분석적 사고 촉진하기’ 등 분석적 능력 영역을 집중적으로 요구하고 있었다. 셋째, 교육청 및 대학부설 영재교육원의 교재는 성공지능의 각 프레임 요소를 서로 유기적으로 연결되지 못한 채 제시되고 있다는 한계를 보였다. 과학영재들은 일반학생과 달리 학습속도 가 빠르고 보다 복합적인 사고를 선호하는 특성을 보이기 때문에, 앞으로 과학영재교육 교재를 개발할 때에는 과학영재의 수준에 맞게 다양한 영역의 능력을 경험하고 통합적 사고를 촉진할 수 있도록 개발할 필요가 있을 것이다. 이런 측면에서 이 연구는 과학영재들의 맞춤형 교육지원을 위한 교재 개발을 위해 유용한 정보로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대 된다.

This study examines practical and effective teaching and learning methods in the field, focusing on the integrated language and culture classes in the Arabic curriculum of secondary education. The purpose of this study is to find out the methods of integrative teaching-learning of the Arabic language and culture to develop learners’ communicative ability based on the understanding of the context of culture for Arabic secondary education students. With a high school textbook Arabic I, the current study presented teaching and learning method of convergence of language and culture. The educational values of secondary language learners in the integrated language and culture class are as follows. First, the target language can be learned from the sociocultural perspective. Second, we can train creative and convergent human resources. Third, discourse ability is improved. Fourth, intercultural competency is improved. This study is of academic value because it has not been previously studied in the field of the Arabic education. Field research can serve as a guide to instructional research.

The purpose of this study is to examine a corpus regarding the use of discriminatory language and its perceptions. First, we examined informal job titles that indicate social views regarding the respective workers, and then we analyzed expressions indicating negative perceptions as well as negative expressions about occupations and tasks to determine negative views or attitudes toward the workers. Summarizing the results of the analysis, ganhowon(nurse) and cheongsobu(cleaner) as inappropriate titles, nogada(physical labor) and gongdori/gongsuni(factory boy/girl) as expressions of negative perception, and nogada and wunjeonsu(driver) in negative expressions related to occupations and work occur with high frequency. Ganhowon is used with titles for women like eonni(older sister), agassi(lady), and Miss ○, cheongsobu and pachulbu(day maids) with the titles ajumma(tannie) and ajeossi(older man), wunjeonsu and gongsuni with the epithets nom(jerk) and nyeon(bitch), and nogada with the titles ilggun(workers) and inbu(laborers), and such terms as jjapsae(the fuss) with a epithet saeggi(jerk/bleeder) are used mainly as inappropriate titles. Bad behavior, deprecatory social treatment, and negligent discrimination are conveyed in these expressions of negative perception. The expressions related to occupation and work were mainly used for professionals doing less respected or socially lower work or who do not work well, and there were many expressions indicative of low status or lower rank in the job hierarchy. Lastly, references to appearance and sexuality were those most frequently used in expressions conveying other occupational discrimination, and were found to be used mainly for ganhowon and gongsuni who are young women.

This paper examines the extended usage of ‘jagi’ to analyze to what extent and in what contexts ‘jagi’ is being used, and assesses the speaker's attitude toward it. Furthermore, this paper discuss the role played by women in the extended usage of ‘jagi’. For the purpose of this study, 117 adult males and females living in Daegu have been surveyed. The results of the survey have been analyzed to identify speakers' knowledge of and attitude toward ‘jagi’. Findings can be summarized as follows. First, ‘jagi’ is used as an intimate term of address for spouses and couples. More recently, it has also been used as a term of address between speaker and listener who are not involved in such relationships. Second, the typical usage of ‘jagi’ is its use among same-age women or lower class female speakers. Third, while many of the users of ‘jagi’ are women, there also are men using it. Fourth, the use of ‘jagi’ by younger speakers when speaking to older interlocutors is not an accepted usage. Fifth, the way men perceive and use ‘jagi’ differs from the way women do. For male speakers, there is no gender distinction between the speaker and the listener when using ‘jagi’, whereas women perceive it as being most commonly used by female speakers. Sixth, the use of ‘jagi’ has been extended from female to male speakers. More specifically, the new usage of the word was first advocated by women, who then played a key role in changing the use of ‘jagi’. The extension of the scope of speakers for ‘jagi’ can be considered within two different dimensions. On the one hand, the use of ‘jagi’ as an equivalent to the second-person pronoun by couples was extended to its usage as a general second-person pronoun by other types of interlocutors. On the other hand, if ‘jagi’ was initially mostly used by and among female speakers, the range of users was extended to male speakers and listeners.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze systematically the issues and approaches of existing research on language and ideology. In order to accomplish this purpose, this paper first defines ideology as ‘the ideas, beliefs, and values and the material process of (re)producing them that contribute to promoting and legitimizing the sectoral interests of certain social group or power’, noting that such ideology causes social problems when it serves primarily the sectoral interests of a mainstream group or ruling power, often working in a false and deceptive form through distortion and dissimulation of objective reality. Then, this paper raises the necessity to divide the research into two types: the research on ideology ‘about’ language and the research on ideology ‘through’ language. Finally, based on the theoretical discussion above, this paper explores the sociolinguistic research tasks and prospects of research on language and ideology by analyzing the representative research cases and approaches related to Korean language and its usage. This paper particularly focuses on monolingualism and standard language ideology in the case and approach of the research on ideology ‘about’ language, and sexism and gender ideology in the case and approach of the research on ideology ‘through’ language.

사무엘 베케트가 바라본 현실은 비논리적이며 비이성적인 것들로 가득 찬 세상이었다. 베케트는 기존의 언어, 시간, 그리고 공간에 대한 해체를 통해 부조리 한 세상을 표현한다. 논리에 맞지 않는 대화, 욕설, 그리고 침묵 등과 같은 탈규 범적 언어사용은 관객들에게 낯설음을 선사한다. 소리에 불과한 대화와 긴 침묵 으로 인한 인간관계의 단절은 기다림과 망각으로 점철된 멈춰진 시간에 갇혀있다. 정지된 시간은 과거, 현재, 그리고 미래의 구분을 불가능하게 만들기 때문에 공간의 경계마저 불분명하게 만든다. 파편적 시간의 흐름과 현실과 환상의 모호한 공간의 경계는 도래하는 구원자에 대한 정보수용을 불가능하게 만들기 때문에 희망은 존재할 수 없음을 시사한다. 베케트는 이 작품을 통해 어떤 이야기도 직접적으로 전해주지 않는다. 하지만, 그가 전달하고자 하는 목적을 재현하기 위한 도구로서 언어와 시공간을 재배치하여 그것들이 상징하는 바를 숙고하게 만든다.

The purpose of this study is to point out the problems of Korean language policy and education through some phenomena of variation and change in Korean language, and to show how they should go in the future. Since language policy and education are directly related to the status of language, in Chapter 2 we outline the current status and situation of Korean. In Chapter 3, we examine some of the variations and changes in Korean language, which are highly interesting from a social perspective. Based on these results, in Chapter 4, we present the direction of Korean policy and education as ‘rich and just Korean’. So far, the key direction of policy and education for the Korean language has been ‘window-dressing language policy’ and ‘window-dressing language education’. They have attempted to refine Korean by simplifying and abstracting the various language facts and disregarding of the elements that seemed not to be beautiful. The language policy and education caught up in the ‘beautiful Korean’ obsession have lasted for decades in Korean. Now Korean speakers should be liberated from ‘beautiful and pure Korean’ ideology. We should pay more attention to local dialects, North Korean words, slang and buzzwords, and net languages. We need to accept new concepts through contact with other languages. With its diversity, richness, and political correctness, Korean will be able to keep its place firmly in the strong waves of English and grow into an important language of the world.

This paper examines the distributional patterns of ‘swearing’ expressions produced in cyberspace in response to NAVER internet news articles. A range of contextual features associated with the use of swearing expressions are identified in terms of their tendency to be formulated as response cries produced as part of affectively-loaded assessments. Serving as a resource for managing face through footing shift, the ways in which swearing expressions are formulated and deployed embody the writer's orientation to treating the cyberspace where they are situated as a form of ‘social situation’ where at least some form of face/impression management is required. The predominant use of their variant forms is analyzed not simply as an attempt to outsmart the institutional attempt at controlling their use but as a collusive act through which the fellow participants are co-implicated in a collective word play organized as a cyberspace-specific form of language game. The tendency of the swearing expressions to cluster and resonate with each other suggests that swearing in cyberspace should be treated not simply as an unconstrained individualized act but as an act embedded in interactively-organized ‘word play’ activities that are obliquely, but crucially, geared to enhancing consensual grounds for shared affective stance among the members of the cyber-community of practice.

Given the view of tests as mechanisms within a language policy framework (Shohamy, 2006), Korean proficiency tests are not only used as a way to measure language knowledge, but rather as tools to impose national ideologies about langage use and diversity. The field of Korean language testing needs to embrace sociopolitical dimensions, and engage what is going on value and consequence in test development and validation. By drawing upon a combined approach of Messick’s (1989) validity framework, Fairclough’s (2001) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), Bachman and Palmer’s Assessment Use Arugment (AUA), this study aims to illustrate how the practice of testing can be discursively interpreted as a multilayered phenomenon, constituted through discourse. It discussed the applicability of AUA’s two claims (decisions, consequences) to the validation of Korean language proficiency or related certification testing for immigrants with foci of value implications and consequences. The interconnectedness of test validation and CDA is modelled through the procedure of Faircough’s (2001) analytic methodology. In an effort to illustrate that language testing is discursively value-laded, this study not only offer a theoretical and methodological addition to the current inquiry of test validation, but also re-emphasize that language testing is sociopolitically driven from a discursive angle.