매립가스는 유기물의 소화로 발생되는 복합성 가스이며 주성분인 메탄(CH4), 이산화탄소(CO2) 이외에 황화수소(H2S), 암모니아(NH3), 할로겐 탄화수소, 휘발성유기규소화합물(VMSs)을 포함한다. 매립가스의 구성물질 중 황화수소는 주요 악취물질로 반응성이강하며 휘발성유기규소화합물은 매립가스 내 불순물로 장치 부식의 원인이 될 수 있다. 따라서 매립가스의 효율적인 자원화를 위해서는 매립가스 내 황화수소 및 휘발성유기규소화합물의 전처리가 필요하다. 본 연구는 황화수소와 휘발성유기규소화합물의 전처리공정으로서 흡착공정을 개발하고, 우선 황산철용액으로 개질된 활성탄을 제조하고 개질 활성탄의 흡착특성을 평가하고자 하였다. 실험에 사용된 흡착제는 식물계 활성탄에 황산철(FeSO4･7H2O)용액으로 첨착하였다. 흡착 방법으로는 흡착제가 채워진 유리재질의 흡착관에(∅10×150 mm) 황화수소 및 휘발성유기규소화합물 중 D4를 질소(99.999%)와 함께 0.3 L/min으로 유입시켜 유출농도가 유입농도의 5%로 배출 될 때를 파과점으로 하여 측정하였다. 황화수소는 초기농도 1%에서 질소와 혼합하여 3,333 ppm으로 유입되었으며, 휘발성유기규소화합물인 D4는 650 ppm으로 유입되었다. 황화수소는 10 ppm까지 황화수소 센서를 이용하여 측정하였고 이후 GC-PFPD로 분석하였으며 휘발성유기규소화합물인 D4는 GC-FID를 이용하여 분석하였다. 개질된 활성탄의 비표면적은 1205.4 m²g-1로 비개질 활성탄의 비표면적인 1111.3 m²g-1 보다 큰 값을 보여주었다. 또한, 주사형 전자현미경 분석을 통해 입경크기 및 표면기공을 확인한 결과 개질된 활성탄의 표면기공이 1 μm 이하부터 8 μm 까지 다양하게 분포되어 있었다. 개질된 활성탄의 황화수소 및 휘발성유기규소화합물의 흡착능은 각각 0.256 g/g, 0.413 g/g으로 비개질 활성탄의 흡착능인 0.023 g/g에 비해 매우 높은 흡착능을 보여주었다. 개질된 활성탄의 첨착된 철에 의한 화학흡착과 제조과정에서 형성된 활성탄 표면의 관능기가 황화수소 및 휘발성유기규소화합물의 흡착에 영향을 주는 것을 판단된다.

Volatile organic silicon compounds (namely as siloxanes) are impurities in biogas generated from landfill and biogas.They have been known to cause damages to gas combustion engines. However, factors affecting process design decisionshave been less studied. In this research, we experimentally determined the gas-liquid partition coefficients (Kp) of siloxanesby applied the equilibrium partition experiment in closed system. we also investigated the effects of liquid solutes onsiloxanes partitioning. Five different types of siloxanes and five different types of liquid solutes (distilled water, nutrientsolution, ferrous sulfate solution, and surfactant solutions) were selected for this study. Dimensionless gas-liquid partitioncoefficients of siloxanes were determined to be 8.808 for L2, 2.278 for L3, 1.455 for L4, 3.435 for D4, and 0.770 forD5. Partition coefficients varied by liquid solutes, Especially for surfactants as liquid solutes, mass transfer of siloxanesfrom gas to liquid was enhanced, showing the lowest coefficients of partitioning.

This study assessed the analysis method for measuring volatile organic silicon compounds (namely as siloxanes) by usinggas chromatography with flame ionization detector. Calibration standard gas was made in a laboratory by using six volatileorganic silicons as model gas. Two different types of working gas were prepared to evaluate quality control in GC-FIDanalysis. Less than 0.2 RSD% of repeatability of retention time was observed in the analysis of calibration standard gas. Inthe linearity test, the highest coefficient of determination (R2) was found to be 0.997 for L2 among volatile organic siliconcompounds. This study demonstrated that quantification of volatile organic silicon compounds can be performed by usingGC-FID analysis with direct injection mode, and the GC calibration can be covered by the gas-phase standard method.

유기성폐기물 처리 시 발생되는 매립가스 및 혐기성소화가스는 높은 메탄함량으로 인해 연소를 통한 열 회수나 발전 등의 방법으로 자원화가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 바이오가스 중에는 다양한 미량물질 가운데 휘발성유기규소화합물은 연소에 의해 이산화규소를 형성하고 가스엔진이나 가스터빈 등의 고비용 설비에 축적되어 기기손상 및 자원화효율 저하를 유발한다. 따라서 최근 휘발성유기규소화합물인 실록산은 바이오가스 연소 전에 필수적으로 제거해야 하는 물질로 인식되고 있으며, 이를 위한 다양한 제거방법 연구 중에서는 흡착제거가 가장 일반적인 방법으로 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 활성탄 및 고분자 trap 역할에 주로 이용되는 제올라이트를 이용하여 실록산의 흡착제거 성능을 평가하고자 하였다. 흡착제로는 다양한 제올라이트(A형, X형, Y형, β형 제올라이트 및 ZSM-5)와 일반적인 흡착제인 활성탄을 결과 비교를 위하여 사용하였으며, 실록산은 매립가스 중 가장 높은 빈도와 농도로 발생되는 oxtamethyl-cyclo-tetrasiloxane (D4)를 흡착질로 사용하였다. 등온에서의 흡착평형실험결과, D4 흡착용량은 activated carbon의 및 β형 제올라이트가 43 mg/g, ZSM-5 및 A형 제올라이트가 각각 24, 16 mg/g으로 나타났고, X형과 Y형 제올라이트는 2 mg/g 미만으로 흡착효과가 거의 나타나지 않았다. 일반적으로 제올라이트는 분자체 역할을 하는 동공(cavity)의 모양 및 사이즈에 의해 흡착특성이 결정되는 것으로 알려져 있으나, 본 결과에서는 실록산(D4)은 제올라이트의 극성에 의한 선택성의 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.

In order to study the seasonal patterns and possible origins of air concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOC), measurements were taken with GC-MS at 3 sampling sites in Jinju for 12 months from Mar. 2010 to Feb. 2011. Atmospheric VOC are sampled on tubes containing solid adsorbents(Tenax TA) with a time resolution of 2hrs. Composition and concentration of VOC are analysed with a GC system equipped with thermal desorption apparatus(ATD). The most abundant compound appeared to be Toluene, Ethylbenzene and m,p-Xylene. The mean concentrations of Benzene were 0.20 ppb at GN site, 0.18 ppb at DA site, and 0.25 ppb at SP site, respectively. VOC concentration showed a strong seasonal variation, with higher concentrations during the spring and lower concentrations during the summer. The results showed that monthly fluctuations in measured VOC concentrations depended on variations in the strength of sources, as well as on photochemical activity and meteorological conditions. In Jinju, the total VOC emissions for 2009 were estimated to be 4,407 ton/year by Clean Air Policy Support System(CAPSS). It is shown that solvent use 57.5%(2,534 ton/yr), waste treatment and disposal 23.3%(1,025 ton/yr), and mobil source-road traffic 12.2%(537 ton/yr) are the most significant anthropogenic source.

Indirect CO2 effect due to non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions from solvent and product use and fugitive NMVOC emissions from fuels in the Republic of Korea and 13 Annex I countries under United Nations Framework on Climate Change were estimated and the proportions of them to total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ranged from 0.092% to 0.45% in 2006. Indirect greenhouse effect (CO2, CH4, and O3) were estimated at 13 photochemical assessment monitoring sites in the Republic of Korea using concentrations of 8 NMVOCs of which indirect global warming potential (GWP) were available. The contribution of toluene to mixing ratio was highest at 11 sites and however, the contribution of toluene to indirect greenhouse effect was highest at nine sites. In contrast to toluene, the contributions of ethane, butane, and ethylene were enhanced. The indirect greenhouse effects of ethane and propane, of which ozone formation potentials are the lowest and the third lowest respectively among targeted 10 NMVOCs, ranked first and fourth highest respectively. Acetaldehyde has relatively higher maximum incremental reactivity and is classified as probable human carcinogen however, its indirect GWP ranked second lowest.

본 연구에서는 국내산 Allium속의 휘발성 유기성분과 생리적 유용성을 지닌 함유황 유기화합물을 비교 분석하였다. 마늘, 양파 및 대파를 동결 건조하여 SDE 추출법을 이용하였으며 휘발성 유기성분을 추출하고 GC/MS로 분석하였다. 건마늘의 주요 향기성분은 diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide 등이었으며, 건양파에서는 diprop

Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated in the flue gas emitted from wood drying process for plywood manufacturing. The moisture content of raw timber was average 48%, and its density was 831.55 kg/m3. But the moisture content of dried wood is needed less than around 10%, thus the moisture contents of flue gas should be remarkably high(about 18.2 V/V%). Therefore, the vapor in flue gas is equivalent to 320 ton-vapor/day when 1100 ton-wood/day is treated in the wood drying process. The temperature of flue gas ranges from 140℃ to 150℃ in each dryer stack with exception of the input site of wood(about 110℃). The velocity of flue gas in each stack ranges from 1.7 to 9.7 m/sec. In order to assess the concentrations and attribution rate of odorous compounds, it was analyzed about 40 VOCs in the flue gases. It was found that the major odorous compounds were 8 compounds, and the concentrations of major VOCs(ppm) were as follows; benzene: 0.054～0.052, toluene: 1.011～2.547, ethylbenzene: 0.472～2.023, m,p-xylene: 0.504～3.245, styrene: 0.015～0.148, o-xylene : 0.271～1.097, ethanol: 11.2～32.5, α-pinene: 0.908～10.578, β-pinene: 0.982～14.278. The attribution rate of terpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene) was about 60.56%, and that of aromatics and alcohols was about 22.77%, and 16.67%, respectively. It is suggested that the adequate control device should be used to control both the water soluble and non-soluble compounds because both compounds were mixed in flue gas.

In this study, we measured volatile organic compounds in Gimhae city, South Korea. We selected twenty site and measured volatile organic compounds in ambient air by passive sampler when at sampling intervals of two month from April to December 2005. Passive sampler was exposed for fifteen day in ambient air. And samples were analyzed by GC/FID for volatile organic compounds. The results of each measured functional zone, mean concentration of each compound measured were generally higher the industrial complex area and traffic pollution area than residental area. Each area showed similar pattern for the observation period. concentration of measured each compound were the following order: winter > fall > spring > summer.

This study was carried out to evaluate the characteristics of atmospheric concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) and aldehydes for near a large shipyard. Most of the painting work in marine coating is performed indoor and outdoor. Most of the VOCs are emitted to the atmosphere as the paint is applied and cures. The massive scale of a ship makes it difficult to capture the emissions from outdoor painting. The VOCs are an important health and contributors to photochemical smog. The VOCs and aldehydes samples were collected using adsorbent tube and 2,4-DNPH cartridge, and were determined by an automatic thermal desorption coupled with GC/MS and HPLC-UV analysis, respectively. A total of 16 aromatic VOCs and 12 aldehydes of environmental concern were determined. At indoor coating facilities, the most abundant compound among 16 target VOCs appeared to be m,p-xylene, being followed by o-xylene. But most of the aldehydes were extremely lower concentrations. The atmospheric concentration of VOCs, m,p-xylene concentrations were the highest and the mean value were outdoor workshop 11.323 ppb, residental area 5.134 ppb, and green area 2.137 ppb, respectively. However, the most aldehydes were extremely lower concentrations such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and non-detection such as iso-valeraldehyde, n-valeraldehyde and o-tolualdehyde.

This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of exposure of worker and user at public facilities in Korea to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We measured the concentrations of two aldehydes and five VOCs in indoor air at 424 public buildings that 8 kinds of public facilities (70 movie theaters, 86 offices, 86 restaurants, 70 academies, 22 auditoriums, 30 PC-rooms, 30 singing-rooms and 30 bars) all over the country. There were estimated the human exposure dose and risks with averages of the using-time and frequency for facility users and office workers, respectively. Carcinogens (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzene) were estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs). non-carcinogens (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene) were estimated the hazard quotients (HQs). The average ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene for facility worker and user were 1×10-3~1×10-4 and 1×10-4~1×10-5 level, respectively, in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities. The estimated ECRs for restaurant and auditorium were the highest, and the PC-room and bar were the next higher facilities. Furthermore, people in a smoking facility had the highest cancer risk. Higher ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene were observed in indoor smoking facilities such as restaurant and auditorium. Higher HQs of toluene and xylene were observed at the restaurant and office building.

Recently, volatile organic compound(VOC) has been noted as a main cause of air pollution. VOC, with its toxic and offensive odor, is hazardous to health. Furthermore indoor, underground and high-rise buildings are preferable living spaces. People spend more than 80% of the day indoor, so indoor air pollution is a matter of importance. In Korea, from 2004, 10 types of indoor pollutants in public facilities have been identified. However, there is no standard for individual VOC, so the regulation has not yet effectively been carried out. In this study, we have studied on the diffusion of Benzene in a room using a numerical analysis for various air-controlled conditions consisted of door, window and ventilation system. This study investigates spatial concentration distribution and time-history of room-averaged benzene concentration for several cases. The results of this study show that when the room is ventilated by a small fan only for 30 minutes, the average concentration of benzene is decreased a very little, thus the impact to human body would be serious compared to the case of natural ventilation by window and door. In the case of natural ventilation by window and door, if the wind speed is higher than 0.5m/s, it takes small than 4 minutes for benzene to spread to the target concentration of 1.2mg/㎥.

In order to reduce roadside and indoor air pollution for volatile organic compounds VOC), it may be necessary to apply photocatalyst-coated construction materials. This study evaluated the technical feasibility of the application of TiO2 photocatalysis for the removal of VOC present in roadside or indoor air. The photocatalytic removal of five target VOC was investigated: benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and o,m,p-xylenes. Variables tested for the current study included ultraviolet(UV) light intensity coating materials, relative humidity (RH), and input concentrations. Prior to performing the parameter tests, adsorption of VOC onto the current experiment was surveyed, and no adsorption was observed. Stronger UV intensity provided higher photocatalytic destruction(PCD) efficiency of the target compounds. For higher humidity, higher PCD efficiency was observed. The PCD efficiency depended on coating material. Contrary to certain previous findings, lower PCD efficiencies were observed for the experimental condition of higher input concentrations. The current findings suggested that the four parameters tested in the present study should be considered for the application of photocatalyst-coated construction materials in cleaning VOC of roadside or indoor air.

본 연구에서는 우리 나라의 대표적인 향신료 중의 하나인 건고추의 휘발성 유기성분을 n-pentane과 diethylether 혼합용매를 추출용매로 사용하여 연속증류추출장치로 휘발성 유기화합물을 추출하고 이를 GC/MS로 사용하여 분석확인하였다. 건고추와 조사된 건고추에서 확인된 성분은 각각 61종과 62종으로, 관능기별 상대 면적비는 대체적으로 terpene류, aldehyde류가 두드러지는 경향을 보여 건고추의 주요 휘발성 유기화합물에 크게 영

This study focuses on the measurement of airborne Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the Kumi electronic industrial complex during the time periods of August and September, 2002 and January and February, 2003. This study was based on the US-EPA method TO-14 while the VOCs were analyzed with GC/MSD. The toluene level revealed high concentration at all measurement sites. The areal rank of average concentrations of VOCs is as follows : industry1>industry2>urban>middle>residential. Concentrations of VOCs in Kumi electronic industrial ones were generally higher than at Yeochon and Ulsan industrial complexes. Dichloromethane and trichloroethylene, which are used as a cleaner in the process of electronic industries, were observed 4 to 8 times higher than those of other areas. Among the aromatic compounds, toluene showed the highest level, while the concentrations of dichloromethane and trichloroethylene were higher than those of other halogen compounds. In Kumi, toluene, trichloroethylene, and dichloromethane were confirmed as the major compounds of VOCs by this research.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are present in essentially all natural and synthetic materials from petrol to flowers. In this study, indoor and outdoor VOCs concentrations of houses, offices and internet-cafes were measured and compared simultaneously with personal exposures of each 50 participants in Asan and Seoul, respectively. Also, factors that influence personal VOCs exposure were statistically analyzed using questionnaires in relation to house characteristics, time activities, and health effects. All VOCs concentrations were measured by OVM passive samplers (3M) and analyzed with GC/MS. Target pollutants among VOCs were Toluene, o-Xylene, m/p-Xylene, Ethylbenzene, MIBK, n-Octane, Styrene, Trichloroethylene, and 1,2-Dichlorobenzene. Indoor and outdoor VOCs concentrations measured in Seoul were significantly higher than those in Asan except Ethylbenzene. Residential indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios for all target compounds ranged from 0.94 to 1.51 and I/O ratios of Asan were a little higher than those of Seoul. Relationship between personal VOCs exposure, and indoor and outdoor VOCs concentrations suggested that time-activity pattern could affect the high exposure to air pollutant. Factors that influence indoor VOCs level and personal exposure with regard to house characteristics in houses were building age, inside smoking and house type. In addition insecticide and cosmetics interestingly affected the VOCs personal exposure. Higher exposure to VOCs might be caused to be exciting increase and memory reduction, considering the relationship between measured VOCs concentrations and questionnaire (p<0.05).