This study was conducted to examine contents of total acid and free amino acids in the Demi-glace with added quantity of Omija extracts. Firstly, The level of Total acid content of Demi-glace sauces was 1.08~1.89% and Omija extracts was 2.77~7.24%. The more Omija extracts added, there was the higher total acid contents. Sauces and extracts of 5% Omija was the highest. Secondly, Total free amino acids contents of control was 2518.52mg%, and Omija sauces was 2261.52~2894.14mg%. 2% Omija sauces was the highest among them. Hydroxyproline of total 34 free amino acids was the highest, and Glutamic acid 158.42mg%, Proline 78.90mg% was next in order. Arginine was the highest with 27.40~34.40mg% among 9 essential amino acids contents. Glutamic acid was the highest contents with 123.18~158.42mg%. Compared to control's(0.41mg%), Omija added group was 20.63~27.82mg% and it was the highest increase. While other 15 amino acid was analyzed, Hydroxyproline was the highest contents with 1,737.22~2,205.80mg%. Compared to control group(15.63mg%), proline was 57.01~78.90mg% Omija added group and it was increased with the highest contents. In essential amino acid, flavor enhancing amino acid and other amino acid were increased and the highest contents with 2% added Omija sauce. Thirdly, sensory characteristics of Demi-glace sauces based on overall preference, It was find that 2% added Omija was the best. 2% added was the best for color, flavor, taste, texture, overall acceptability(P〈.001). In terms of Demi-glace sauces' gender preference, male and female people liked 2% added Omija color, flavor, taste, texture, overall acceptability. It was find that there was no significant differences between male and female.
Arrùno acid transpoπers play an important role in supplying nutrition to cells and for cell proliferation. System L is a major nutrient transport system responsible for the Na+-independent transport of large neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids. In malignant tumors, a system L transporter L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LATl) is upregulated to support tumor cell growth. In the present study, we have examined the expression and function of system L amino acid transporter in FaDu human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. RT-PCR, real-time quantitative RT-PCR and westem blot analysis have revealed that the FaDu cells express LATl together with its associaω19 protem 4F2hc, whereas the FaDu cells do not express the other system L isoform L-type amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2). 까le uptake of L-(14Clleucine by FaDu cells is Na+-independent and almost completely inhibited by system L selective inhibitor 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2- carboxylic acid (BCH). The profiles of the inhibition of L-[I4Cllellcine uptake by variolls amino acids in the FaDu cells are comparable with those for the LA T1 expressed in Xenopus 。()(찌es. π1e majority of L-[I4Clleucine uptake is, therefore, mediated by LAT1 in the FaDu cells. These results suggest that the transport of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids in the FaDu human pharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells mediated by LAT1. In addition, specific inhibition of LAT1 by such agents as BCH in pharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas will be a new rationale for anti-cancer therapy.
본 연구는 체외에서 한우 난포란의 핵성숙과 그 후의 초기 배발달에 있어서 체외성숙 배지에 아미노산의 첨가가 난포란의 제1극체(PB) 출현율, 배발달율 그리고 배반포의 세포수에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 첨가하는 아미노산의 종류와 농도는 각각 MEM 배지의 non-essential amino acids (NEAA)와 BME 배지의 essential amino acids(EAA)는 1, 2, 4배 및 유청중의 lactalbumine hydrolysate(LAH)는 1, 5, 10 ㎎/㎖이었다. 그 결과 NEAA와 EAA의 경우 PB 출현율은 1배 첨가군이 미첨가군보다 유의하게 높았지만(p<0.05), 첨가량이 증가할수록 오히려 감소하였다. 그러나 배반포로의 배발달율은 모든 군에서 비슷한 경향이었다. 그리고 배반포의 총 세포수와 총 세포수중 TE 세포수는 2배 처리군이 가장 높았으며, ICM 세포수는 아미노산 첨가량이 증가할수록 많아졌다. 한편 LAH의 경우 PB 출현율은 5㎎ 첨가군이 가장높았으며, 배반포로의 발달율은 미첨가군과 1 ㎎ 첨가군이 5 ㎎ 첨가군과 10 ㎎ 첨가군보다 각각 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 그리고 배반포의 세포수는 NEAA와 EAA를 이용하였을 경우와 비슷한 경향이었다. 이상의 결과로부터 체외성숙용 배지에 아미노산의 첨가는 생산된 배반포의 품질을 향상시킬 수 있기 때문에 배반포의 체외생산에 이용할 수 있는 새로운 아미노산의 종류 및 농도를 탐색할 필요가 있다고 사료된다.
It has been said that amino acid transporters play an important role in supplying nutrition to normal and cancer cells and for cell proliferation. System L is a major nutrient transport system responsible for the Na+-independent transport of large neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids. In malignant tumors, a system L transporter L-type amino acid transporter 1(LAT1) is up-regulated to support tumor cell growth. In the present study, we have examined the function of LAT1 and its expression in the KB human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells. RT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemical analysis have revealed that KB cells express LAT1 in the plasma membrane together with its associating protein 4F2hc, whereas KB cells do not express the other system L isoform LAT2. The uptake of L-[14C]leucine by KB cells is Na+-independent and almost completely inhibited by system L selective inhibitor BCH. The profiles of the inhibition of L-[14C]leucine uptake by amino acids in the KB cells are comparable with those for the LAT1 expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The majority of L-[14C]leucine uptake is, therefore, mediated by LAT1 in the KB cells. These results suggest that the uptakes of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids in the KB oral epidermoid carcinoma cells mediated by LAT1. In addition, specific inhibition of LAT1 by such agents as BCH in human oral squamous cell carcinomas will be a new rationale for anti-cancer therapy.
세리신 잠의 발육, 실샘 성장, 세리신 량, 혈액 아미노산 조성 등 세리신 잠의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 잠 120 과 같은 조건으로 사육하여 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 부화율에 있어서 세리신 잠은 85%이며 잠 120 은 95%이었다. 특히 세리신 잠은 부화가 고르지 않았다. 2. 유충 기간에 있어서 세리신은 20 일 23 시간이었고, 잠 120 은 21 일 22시간이었다. 3. 실샘에 있어서 세리신 잠은 중부실샘이 대부분이며 후부 실샘의 길이는 약 2~3cm 이었고 굴곡은 없었다. 4. 세리신 잠에 있어서 상족후 나방까지의 기간은 약 12 일이었으며, 화용후 화아까지는 7 일로 대단히 짧은 특성을 보였다. 5. 고치에 있어서 세리신 잠은 이주 얇고 가벼웠으며 견충중은 2.7cg 이며 견충 비율은 3.65%이였다. 6. 세리신 (sericin protein)양에 있어서, 세리신 잠의 견충이 sericin 만 으로 구성되어 있고 잠 120 은 28%가 sericin 이었다. 세리신 잠의 견충 당 sericin 율은 잠 120 의 34.6%정도였다. 7. 혈액 아미노산의 양에 있어서 세리신 잠은 histidine, lysine, glutamic acid 가 많았으며 5 령 발육에 따른 조성의 변화에 있어서 대부분의 혈액 아미노산들은 증가하였다.
아미노산 엽면 시비가 멜론 묘의 생육에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 처리 시기는 본엽 1매 전개시(Ll)와 2매 전개시(L2)로 나누었고, 아미노산 농도는 무처리구, 10, 20, 30 mg . L-1로 설정하였다. Ll에서 생체중과 건물중은 아미노산 처리구에서 높았다. 초장은 3차 조사시에 Ll-30에서 가장 높게 나타났다. L2에서 3차 조사시 생체중은 L2-30처리구에서 높게 나타났다. 초장은 2차와 3차 조사시 L2-30에서 높게 나타났다. 제1본엽의 염장과 엽폭의 경우, Ll의 3차 조사시 처리 효과가 나타났다. L2에서 염장은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았고, 엽폭은 3차 조사시에 아미노산 처리구에서 높게 나타났다 제2본엽의 염장과 엽폭은 Ll의 2차와 3차 조사시에 아미노산 처리구들에서 높게 나타났다. L2에서는 처리구간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지는 않았다 제7본엽의 염장과 엽폭은 시비 및 조사 시기에 관계없이 처리간에 유의성을 보이지는 않았다. 이상의 결과, 제1본엽이 전개된 후 아미노산의 농도를 20mg. L-1 이상, 회수를 3회 이상 엽면살포 하거나, 제2본엽이 전개된 후 아미노산을 시비할 경우에는 아미노산 농도를 30 mg . L-1으로 설정하고 회수를 2회 이상 시비한다면 생육이 향상된 묘를 생산할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of culture methods on development of embryos with each developmental stage after heat shock in bovine oocytes. The results obtained were as fellows. 1. The culture method after heat shock on development of embryos was better drop-culture than co-culture. 2. The medium without amino acids were not effect of heat sock on development of embryos but it was in need of amino acid during formation of blastocyst.
These N-acyl amino acid surfactants is normally produced by reaction of acid anhydride with sodium l-glutamate hydrolysates under Schotten-Baumann condition i.e., in alkaline aqueous medium. To avoid using fatty acid chlorides, acylations were also carried out with the fatty acids themselves or with their methyl esters, but unfortunately these methods cannot be used in practice, dodecenyl succinic anhydride, was to be studied for their suitability as acylating agents the production if acylated glutamine hydrolysates. The surface activities including surface tension forming power, forming stability and emulsifying power were measured. The experimental results revealed that the products have a good emulsifying power. Thus, there derivatives will be expected to be used an emulsifying agent for O/W type cosmetic emulsion.
Physical properties and performance characteristics of sodium salt of several pure N-acyl amino acids made from glycine, dl-alanine, sarcosine, dl-valine, l-leucine, l-aspartic acid and l-lysine seven long chain fatty acids are reported. The effect of acyl chain length and the differences in the structure of constituent amino acid of seven homologous series of amide intermediate linked carboxylate surfactant of this class on the properties are discussed.
Sodium N-acyl N-methyl taurates were synthesized by effectual acylation of fatty acid ethyl esters C(C12~C18) and N-methyl taurine. All the surface activities including krafft point, solubility, interface tension, foaming power, lime-soap dispersing ability and detergency were measured, and cmc was evaluated in dilute aqueous solution.
This study was carried out to measure the contents of moisture, crude ash, crude fat, total amino acid, with amino acid composition, vitamin C, β-carotene, vitamin E, total catechins, EGCG, EGC, ECG, EC, GA, caffeine, theobromine and theophylline of the green tea I, II, III, oolong, and black tea. The content of crude fat of green tea I, II, III, oolong, and black teas was 1.1, 2.5, 4.9, 0.8 and 1.2% respectively, total amino acid content was 0.87, 0.78, 0.60, 0.63 and 1.05% respectively, and theanine content was 0.52, 0.48, 0.31, 0.41 and 0.61%, respectively. Total amino acid content of green tea increased in the order of green tea I $gt; green tea II $gt; green tea III, and among the teas, the content of theanine was the highest in the amino acids present. The content of vitamin C of green teal, II, III, oolong, and black tea was 101.6, 87.5, 95.9, 99.1 and 108.0 mg%, respectively, β-carotene content was 270, 268, 481, 80 and 181 ppm, respectively. Among the α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol, the content of α-tocopherol was the highest in vitamin E present, and β- and δ-tocopherol were not detected in the samples of green teal, II, III, oolong, and black teas. The total catechins of green teal, II, III, oolong, and black teas was 10.5, 10.4, 7.2, 8.4 and 1.8% respectively, and among them, EGCG content was the highest. The content of EGC increased in the order of green tea I $gt; green tea III $gt; green tea II $gt; oolong tea $gt; black tea. The contents EGCG and ECG increased in the order of oolong tea $gt; green tea I $gt; green tea II $gt; green tea III $gt; black tea, and the highest contents of EGCG and ECG were observed in the samples of oolong tea. The content of GA was 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.13 and 0.31%, respectively, and the highest contents of GA, caffeine and theobromine were observed in the sample of black tea. The highest content of theophylline, however, was observed in the sample of green tea I.
체외생산된 소 배반포 및 탈출 배반포강 내의 유리 아미노산 농도를 측정하였다. 체외 배양은 소 혈청알부민이 함유된 합성난관배양액(synthetic oviduct fluid; SOF)에서 실시하였으며 수정 후 180시간의 배반포 및 216시간 후의 탈출 배반포를 실험에 공여하였다 아미노산 측정은 알부민 대신 Polyvinyl alcohol이 함유된 SOF 미소적에 수정란을 분주하고 미세조작기를 이용하여 배반포강 내의 액을 추출하여 20종류의 아미노산을 측
A series of long chain N-acyl amino acid type anionic surfactants were prepared by treating fatty acid chlorides with three kinds of amino acids, that is, sodium N-acyl-sarcosinates, sodium N-acyl-N-methyl-β-alaninates and sodium N-acyl-N-methyl-taurates in an alkaline solution. All prepared biodegradable surfactants were purified by thin layer chromatography and column chromatography, and identified their structures by spectral analysis.
A variation of free sugar and free amino acid contents of apples during the ripening period was determined by HPLC and amino acid analyzer. The research results are as followes: Fructose, glucose and sucrose were present in the apples. The contents of fructose was the highest, followed by the order of sucrose and glucose. The contents of total sugar in Red fuji was relatively higher than that of Fuji. During the ripening period, the contents of fructose increased conspicuously for the harvesting season and then it decreased gradually. The contents of glucose increased gradually for the harvesting season and then it somewhat decreased. The contents of sucrose increased continually, while, the contents of total free sugar reached the maximum for the harvesting season and then it decreased gradually. A variation in the contents of free amino acid and composition during the ripening period didn't make a significant difference. The major free amino acid of the apples was in the order of aspartic acid, serine, threonine, glutamic acid, histidine, arginine, and alanine. During the ripening period, aspartic acid, threonin, serine, alanine, histidine, and arginine increased gradually. Especially, alanine, histidine, and arginine increased remarkably after the the harvesting season. Glutamic acid, valine, isoleucine, and leucine didn't show much change. The contents of total amino acid increased little by little as the apples ripened, dranstically increased during the harvesting season and slowly increased or slightly decreased after the harvesting seasom.