순수 UO2에 첨가량 변화 및 ball-milling 시간에 따른 (U, Ce)O2 분말의 특성과 각 조건별로 제조된 분말을 압분 및 소결하여 (U, Ce)O2 분말 특성에 따른 소결성을 비교 조사하였다. 실험 결과로 부터 ball-milling시간이 길어짐에 따라 입자들은 미세화되고, CeO2 함량이 증가할수록 압분, 소결밀도는 저하 하였으며, CeO2는 소결성을 저하시키는 산화물임을 확인하였다. 10wt%,CeO2 가 첨가된 (U, Ce)O2 분말의 경우, ball-milling 4시간 수행한 분말의 소결체가 기공의 수도 적고, 구형에 가까왔으며, 소결밀도가 가장 높았다. 이는 4시간 ball-milling한 (U, Ce)O2분말이 비표면적이 크로 그의 packing ratio가 적절하였기 때문이다.

CeO2를 첨가한 Y-Ba-Cu-0 초전도체를 포정반응을 포함한 준용용법으로 제조하여 미세조직과 초전도성을 관찰하였다. 첨가한 CeO2는 포정반응중에 BaCeO3로 변화하였으며, 이 BaCeO3는 방향성 성장한 1-2-3 초전도상의 기지에 미세하게 분산된다. 초전도체의 TC는 첨가된 CeO2함량에 관계없이 90K 이상으로 매우 높았다. 이는 준용융공정을 적용함으로서 제2상물질을 초전도상으로부터 분리할 수 있었기 때문으로 사료된다.

This paper aims to investigate the impact of chief executive officer’s (CEO) attributes on firms’ performance. Specifically, it examines the influence of CEOs’ education, professional experience, and tenure on Saudi firms’ performance. We look at a sample of 120 listed firms on Tadawul stock exchange from 2014 to 2017. Data on financial and accounting variables are obtained from the annual reports of the selected companies. We follow the existing empirical literature and use a panel model and formulate three different equations using the GMM estimator. Findings prove that CEO educational background does matter. In particular, companies employing CEOs with business administration, economics, finance, or accounting degree will perform outstandingly better. Similarly, stock performance gets improved when the CEO has a postgraduate qualification, i.e., when the CEO holds an MBA, a master, or a PhD degree. Besides, results reveal that executives who have an experience in a related field will positively affect the firm’s performance. Finally, evidence shows that high CEOs tenure improves corporate performance. Overall, these findings demonstrate that executives’ attributes are key factors that would explain differences in Saudi firms’ performance. These results would help shareholders to make the right decision in selecting CEOs to manage the company.

The study investigates the association between CEO education and firm performance with a sample of 85 nonfinancial firms listed on the Saudi stock exchange during 2018 applying ordinary least squares method. CEO education is defined by three variables, the level of education, if the degree-granting institution is domestic or foreign, and if the highest degree is in management or other fields of study. Financial performance is measured by return on assets and return on equity. Firm size, age, liquidity and growth are introduced as control variables. The study shows that 58 CEOs of the firms studied are graduates, 38 have obtained their degree from a domestic institution and 44 have a management degree. Graduate CEOs are found to enhance performance. Graduating from a domestic institution influences performance positively. Management degree of CEO does not seem to impact performance. Firm size, liquidity and growth are positively associated with performance. Firm age does not explain performance differences of firms. Results are robust to performance measures. The findings of the study suggest that firms can benefit from a CEO hiring policy that emphasizes on the minimum qualification set as graduation or higher, education from a domestic institution and no undue weight on management qualification.

Researching the influence and role of CEO overconfidence to dividend policy is important for stock market investors. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the relationship between CEO overconfidence and dividend policy in industrial enterprises in Vietnam. Data collected from 222 industry enterprises listed on the Vietnam Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2018. Data is collected on financial statements of listed companies. GLS model with panel data is used to analyze regression results. The results show that CEO overconfidence has dividend yield higher than CEO non-overconfidence. At the same time, the dividend payout ratio of enterprises has no difference between CEO overconfidence and CEO non-overconfidence. The results also showed that revenue growth has a positive impact on dividend yield in small enterprises, but negative impact on dividend payout in large enterprises. Research results by firm size have similar results with the general analysis for all enterprises. At the same time, the analysis of ownership type shows that CEO overconfidence has a positive impact on dividend yield of non-state enterprises without affecting other types of enterprises. From these results, the authors also made a number of recommendations to help investors choose businesses to invest in accordance with their strategies.

Purpose: This study aims to explore how consumers respond to the immoral actions of a CEO. More specifically, this research focuses on the moral reasoning processes used by consumers in order to maintain support for the CEO despite the immoral action. In addition, this research suggests that support for the CEO would improve product purchase intention. Research design, data, and methodology: To test the hypotheses presented, an online research company was hired and online survey was conducted with adult participants. Online research company sent an email to the potential subjects asking their participation in an online survey. Subjects were able to participate in the online survey by clicking a link to the survey. When the participants clicked the link, they were instructed to read a fictitious newspaper article on a CEO’s immoral action. And then, they were asked to answer several questions online. Responses were obtained from 336 adults participants and data were analyzed using SPSS Hayes Macro for a moderation effect and AMOS for a structural equation model. Result: Moral reasoning processes were divided into moral decoupling and moral rationalization and analyzed to determine their influence on product purchase. Also in this study, we suggest the public self-consciousness of consumers as an antecedent of moral reasoning processes, and argue that consumers with high public selfconsciousness are more likely to engage in moral decoupling than moral rationalization. Conclusions: Our results showed that moral decoupling and moral rationalization improved the consumer’s perception of corporate ethicality, which increased product purchase intention. In addition, consumers with high public self-consciousness were more likely to engage in moral decoupling than in moral rationalization. In addition, this research suggested that severity of the scandal would moderate the impact of public self-consciousness on moral decoupling. However, this hypothesis was not supported statistically since most participants perceived the scandal to be a highly severe incident, that may lead to an insignificant interaction effect between severity of the scandal and public self-consciousness. This research expands the scope of available research on corporate ethics and consumer responses to negative information involving celebrities and provides practical implications for corporate crisis management.

The study examines whether higher CEO compensation is related to unobserved future firm performance in an emerging market, Pakistan. Further, it extends its scope to analyzing the impact of group affiliation and ownership concentration on the relationship between CEO compensation and future firm performance. The study uses an unbalanced panel data consisting of 1508 firm-year observations from 225 non-financial listed companies in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for period 2005 to 2012. The multiple regression models adjusted to heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation in error terms are used. The study finds that, in general, CEO compensation is positively associated with future operating performance. However, higher CEO compensation leads to lower operating performance in firms that have lower ownership concentration and are affiliated with business groups. When firms are not affiliated with any group and have high ownership concentration, the relationship between excessive CEO compensation and future operating performance becomes insignificant. Given that efficient compensation packages may lead to long term value creation to shareholders and reduce agency problems, this study highlights an important moderating role of ownership concentration and group affiliation of the firms in emerging markets.

Purpose - The present study examined the reliability of accounting information based on the pay slice (CPS) information of chief executive officers (CEOs) in the service industry. The difference in the size of CPS under the capitalist system can be used as an index to gauge the influence of top management. Research design, data, and methodology - In accordance with the amendment of the Financial Investment Services and Capital Market Act in 2013, the pay information of individual registered executives with annual salary of more than 500 million won has been disclosed. The sample of the current study is 232 companies listed on the Korea Exchange excluding financial services from 2013 to 2015, when the individual pay-slice information for registration officers was published in the business report in accordance with the revision of the Capital Market Act. The financial data required for this study were extracted from the FnGuide and the TS-2000. With the data, we tested the relationship between CPS and accounting information reliability through a linear regression analysis. Results – The first result showed that the relationship between the CPS and human resource in internal accounting control system in the service industry is significantly negative only with the accounting department personnel. This result implied that the CEO can negatively affect the retention of the accounting department in the firm. Second, both the CPS and quality of audit in the service industry are negatively related both to audit fees and to audit time. Nonetheless, the relationship between the number of the auditor and the CPS is insignificant. This result indicated that the CEO can negatively affect audit fees and audit time of external auditors. The results of the present study suggested that CPS information may have a negative impact on the reliability of accounting information. Conclusion - This study is the first study to examine the reliability of CPS and accounting information for the service industry in terms of human resources in internal accounting control system and audit quality. Therefore, the present study is expected to provide some useful information to economic decision-making of various external parties for service firms.

Purpose – For small and medium sized firms, CEO characteristics are main factor influencing firms’ prosperity as well as performance. So it is quite natural that many people are interested in factors of CEO that matters. In this research, CEO characteristics in terms of capabilities and skill or special knowledge necessary to run the business are invested for manufacturing firms. Precedent studies reveal that CEO characteristics such as psychological factors including desire to succeed, tendency to take risks, personal factors including age, year of running business, and task related factors including managing capability, communication skills, network influence firm performance for manufacturing firms. However, these studies simply verify whether or not those factors affect firm’s managing performance. This study, however, goes further to investigate how is the affecting process from CEO’s capabilities and organization characteristics to firm’s core competence, and from core competence to advantages, and from advantages to managing performance. Research design, data, and methodology – We make a questionnaire and surveyed manufacturing firm CEO’s in Gyeonggi-do area. General characteristics analysis, factor analysis, regression analysis, and control effect analysis was conducted. SPSS 2.0 Win, version was used. Results – The CEO characteristics including basic capability, task capability, leadership, and organization characteristics affect core competence at the statistically significant level. And, core competence affect both price advantage and differentiation advantage at the significant level. Some unique finding is that while differentiation advantage affects both financial achievement and non-financial achievement, price advantage does not affect both financial and non-financial achievement. And firm characteristics mainly measured by CEO characteristics of skills has control effects on the trace from core competence to price advantage. Conclusions – For small and medium sized firms CEO characteristics is the most important factor influencing firm’s prosperity. For manufacturing firms, whether CEO has the skill or special knowledge to run the firm is critical factor. The study results show that CEO’s for manufacturing firms put importance on price and price advantage which seems to be familiar to them. However, the price advantage does not influential to financial and non-financial achievement. This result suggests that small and medium sized manufacturing firms’ CEO’s should make effort to improve other aspects of advantages to be more competitive.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the preparation method on CeO2-promoted Cu/γ -Al2O3 catalysts for the high temperature shift reaction using simulated waste-derived syngas (H2 + CO). To investigate the effect of preparation method on the CeO2-promoted Cu/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, we compared catalytic performance over Ce/Cu/γ-Al2O3, Ce-Cu/γ-Al2O3, Cu/Ce/γ-Al2O3, and Cu/γ-Al2O3 catalysts, and tried to explain the differences in catalytic performance with various characterization methods. The physico-chemical properties of the CeO2-promoted catalysts were characterized using surface spectroscopies such as BET, XRD, TPR, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and N2O-chemisorption. The catalyst characterizations were correlated with activity results in the high temperature shift reaction.

폐기물 가스화는 폐기물 내에 포함되어있는 C, H 성분을 CO, H2가 주성분인 합성가스로 전환하는 기술이다. 가스화로부터 생산된 합성가스는 수성가스전이반응 (Water Gas Shift, CO + H2O → CO2 + H2, ΔH = -41.1 kJ mol-1) 공정을 통해 고순도 수소로 전환이 가능하다. 최근 연구 결과 보고에서 바이메탈 형태의 Ni-Cu-CeO2 촉매는 고온 수성가스전이반응에 매우 높은 활성과 선택도를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 Ni-Cu-CeO2 촉매의 제조방법 최적화를 위해 Ni-Cu-CeO2 촉매를 함침법, 공침법, 졸-겔법, 수열합성법으로 제조하고 활성을 비교 평가 하였다. 다양한 제조방법 중 졸-겔법으로 제조한 Ni-Cu-CeO2 촉매가 가장 높은 CO 전환율을 나타내었다. 이는 졸-겔법으로 제조한 촉매의 높은 표면적과 활성물질-담체간 강한 상호작용에 기인한 결과이다.

CEO 패널 토론은 제7차 세계물포럼에 신설된 과학기술과정의 특별프로그램으로써 전 세계적인 물산업 CEO들의 비젼과 통찰력 있는 담론을 통해 미래 비젼을 제시하고 물분야 혁신 방향 설정에 반영하고자 기획되었다. 패널 토론을 통하여 다양한 이해관계자, 물 전문가, 정부대표, 선도과학자, 엔지니어 들이 물 분야 과학기술과 혁신의 역할에 대한 논의를 전개할 것이다. 본 프로그램을 통하여 정책 결정자, 개발 파트너와 민간부분 간의 협력을 강화시키고, 세계물포럼 과학기술과정에서 논의된 성과의 확산을 촉진 시킬 것이다. 패널 토론의 결과는 과학기술과정 결론 세션 및 장관급회의 선언문 등에 반영될 것이다. 토론 주제는 물분야 당면한 도전과제로써 (1)혁신의 촉진(Fostering innovation), (2)지속가능 개발목표(Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs), (3) 도시 물관리 탄력성 제고(Building Water Resilience for Cities) 3개 주제가 선정되었다. 패널토론은 물산업 분야의 혁신을 선도하는 포춘지 선정 500대 기업을 포함한 세계 저명 지도자들과 함께 진행될 것이다. ‘혁신의 촉진’세션에서는 물 분야 혁신을 둘러싼 도전과제와 정책 대안들을 살펴보고 문제를 해결하기 위해 기술 개발 및 물산업 기업과, 벤처사업가, 기술 개발자들의 논의가 진행될 것이다. 물 분야 혁신을 이룬 성공적인 신규 투자의 사례가 무엇인지, 성공적인 아이디어의 혁신을 촉진시키기 위한 금융 및 보험 분야의 역할 등에 대한 논의가 전개될 것이다. ‘지속가능 개발목표’세션에서는 기업차원에서 물 관련 SDGs의 실현에 효과적으로 기여할 수 있는 방법에 대한 논의가 이루어질 것이다. 패널 토론을 통하여 물관련 기업의 책임과 SDGs와의 관계와 실현 가능한 목표선정에 대한 논의가 전개될 예정이다. ‘도시 물관리 탄력성 제고’세션에서는 이미 인류의 절반 이상을 차지하고 있는 도시지역의 물관리 문제를 논의할 것이다. 도시 거주자 비율은 곧 인류의 4분의 3까지 증가 할 것으로 예상된다. 도시 물관리는 높은 자원효율성을 필요로 하고 있으며, 다양한 기업에게 도시 물 순환 관리에 필요한 혁신적인 제품과 서비스를 실현할 수 있는 기회를 제공하고 있다. 이 세션에서는 세계적인 상하수도 기업 및 기술개발 선두업체가 참여하여 과학기술 및 혁신의 역할에 대한 논의를 전개할 것이다.

최근 기능성 나노물질로서 반도체 공정 중 기계.화학적 평탄화(CMP)용 연마제로 중요하게 사용되는 세리아(Ceria, CeO2)에 대해서 X-선 회절분석을 실시하여 리트벨트법에 의한 상세한 구조해석 및 세리아의 입자크기와 미세응력을 측정하였다. 두 시료(RT735. RT835)의 리트벨트 계산 결과 R지수 값은 각각 Rp(%)=8.50, 8.34; Rwp(%)=13.4, 13.5; Rexp(%)=11.3, 11.5; RB(%)=2.21, 2.36; S(GofF: Goodness of fit)=1.2, 1.2를 보여주며 계산이 잘 이루어졌음을 알 수 있다. CeO2는 공간군 Fm3m을 가지며, 격자상수는 a=5.41074(2), 5.41130(6) a, V=158.406(1), 158.455(3) a3으로 각각 계산되었다. 입자크기 및 미세응력 계산 결과, RT735의 평균 입자크기와 최대 응력은 37.42(1) nm, 0.0026이며, RT835는 72.80(2) nm, 0.0013으로 각각 결정되었다. 입자크기와 미세응력은 서로 반비례함을 알 수 있다.