The necessity to adapt theoretical second language pedagogies to a context of instruction has been argued in the literature for a long time. This case study introduces an attempt to realize a context approach (Bax, 2003) to Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) implemented at a Korean military-service academy. Considering the alleged need for studies that investigate learners’ reaction to TBLT in actual English classrooms, an Action Research project was conducted at this institution. Based on the data collected through two surveys of 80 students, interviews with 25 students, video recordings of 10 lessons and the teacher’s observation of the course throughout one semester, this study identifies several challenges for employing TBLT in this EFL context such as the learners’ lack of L2 interactions and attention to feedback. This paper discusses ways to adapt TBLT to the English courses offered at Korean militaryservice academies while cautioning against excessive optimism for the effects of TBLT in some EFL contexts. The findings would contribute to understanding the reality of English classrooms at a Korean college and drawing implications for designing English programs suitable for EFL college students.

Park, Yong-han. 2016. “A Study on the Institutional Characteristics of Military Language”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 24(3). 125~155. The military is a societal device established to systematically address the citizens' needs for assured national security. Thus, the military language used internally shares three common characteristics with institutional languages. The aim of this paper is to examine the institutionality of the military language by marginally introducing the concept of military as an institution, and military language as an institutional language. The military conducts various training to maximize the combat capability of its service members, and such training aims to raise combat abilities as well as to foster steadfast militaristic spirits. As a result, the instructors and their assistants appear to be task-oriented during training. And along with the trainees or recruits, they bear the certain communicational restrictions in accordance with their institutional positions. There are different frames of inference suitable to particular circumstances. The breadth of military rhetoric in such institutional interactions - such as lexical choice, turn design, sequence organization, overall structural organization, and social epistemology and social relations well convey the definitive institutional characteristics well. As an institutional device with the significant societal portion of weight, the military can have considerable effects on the society as a whole. However, a systematic and comprehensive study regarding the military society and its language has yet to be conducted. In recent times, the closed-nature of the military appears to be gradually weakening; more active research regarding the military language correlated to such contemporary trend can be expected in the near future.

과학기술의 발달과 함께 무기체계도 과거 공상 과학영화나 만화에서 볼 수 있었던 것들이 현실로 나타나고 있다. 그중에서도 자율무기체계의 발전은 인류에게 또 다른 재앙이 될 것이라는 견해가 있는가 하면 무기의 정확성과 인간보다 우월한 물리적, 감정적 능력을 통해 무력충돌로 인한 인명과 재산의 손실을 줄일 수 있어 인간에 대한 인권과 생명보호에 더욱 중요한 역할을 할 것이라고 보는 견해가 대립하고 있다. 자율무기체계란 무엇인지, 어느 범위까지 자율 무기체계로 볼 수 있으며, 국제법상 자율무기체계 에 대해 확립된 개별조약이나 국가 사이의 관행이 없는 상황에서 인간의 통제가 작동하지 않는 자율 무기체계의 개발에 대해 기존 국제법으로 이를 규율할 수 있는지를 먼저 살펴본다. 기존 국제법이 적용 가능하다고 할 경우 자율 무기의 기본적인 특성과 자율무기 사용에 대한 찬반론의 견해 대립을 확인한 후에 자율무기의 사용이 국제인도법상의 비례성의 원칙, 구별의 원칙, 기사도의 원칙에 위배되지 않는지 구체적으로 검토한다. 또한 국제인도법에 위반되는 행위가 발생 한 경우 사용을 지시한 지휘관의 책임이나 손해배상 책임에 대해 살펴본다. 마지막으로 자율무기체계가 가장 발달한 미국의 인공지능을 이용한 자율무기체계의 개발현황 과 법령의 규정을 확인하고 유럽, 러시아, 중국, 일본, 북한 등의 국가에서 개발 중인 자율무기체 계를 살펴본 후 우리나라의 자율무기체계와 비교 함으로써 장래 과학기술 및 경제발전과 인구감소 로 인한 병력의 부족문제를 해결할 수 있는 자율 무기체계 개발 필요성에 대해 살펴본다.

As a solemn and serious uniform, military uniform can be differentiated easily from any other clothing in the aspects of color, material and style. Inspired by military uniform, fashion designers have been applying military uniform elements into modern fashion design in recent years, which helps to bring military uniform from the trench onto international fashion runway. The primary method of this research is theory analysis method and exampling study method. Based on the collected materials of modern military uniform, this paper takes the fashion and cultural study theory of the famous American scholar Susan B. Kaiser as the leading theory to analyze four subject positions embodied in military uniform, including nation, rank, gender and time and space. By analyzing the subject positions embodied in military uniform, it shows the rich cultural connotation of military uniform and the function of various small details. Meanwhile, by giving specific examples, this paper explores the influences of military uniform on modern fashion design in respect to color, style, material, pattern and accessory. Through the conduct of this research, it comes to the conclusion that military uniform also has the characteristics and properties described in the fashion and cultural theory of Susan B. Kaiser, in addition, designers can be inspired by every specific object around them, which shows the talents of designers.

종업원침묵은 개인과 조직 모두에게 부정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 보고되고 있기 때문에 종업원침묵 을 줄이는 것은 중요하다. 그러므로 종업원침묵의 선행변수를 탐색하여 종업원침묵과의 관계를 규명하고, 이 관계에서 종업원침묵을 감소시킬 수 있는 조절변수를 확인하는 것은 개인과 조직 모두를 위하여 필요 하다. 본 연구의 목적은 방어적 침묵의 선행변수로서 조직 내 관계갈등을 확인하고, 관계갈등과 이직의도 의 관계에서 방어적 침묵의 매개효과를 확인하는 것이었다. 또한 관계갈등과 방어적 침묵의 관계에서 소 명의식의 조절효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위하여 육군에 재직 중인 초급간부 182명을 대상으로 설문응답을 실시하였으며, 관계갈등과 이직의도, 방어적 침묵 및 소명의식 등이 측정되었다. 위계적 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 관계갈등이 방어적 침묵에 미치는 효과가 정적으로 유의하게 나타나 방어적 침묵의 선행변수로 서 관계갈등이 확인되었고, 방어적 침묵이 관계갈등과 이직의도의 관계에서 매개변수로 투입되었을 때 완전매개 효과가 유의하게 나타났다. 또한 관계갈등과 방어적 침묵의 관계에서 소명의식의 조절효과가 유의하게 나타났으며, 구체적으로 소명의식이 높을 때, 낮을 때보다 관계갈등이 방어적 침묵에 미치는 정 적인 영향이 더 낮게 나타났다. 추가적으로 매개모형과 조절모형이 결합된 조절된 매개모형 분석이 실시 되었으며, 조절변수인 소명의식이 관계갈등과 이직의도의 관계에서 방어적 침묵이 가지는 매개효과를 조 절하는 것으로 나타나 조절된 매개효과가 확인되었다. 결론에서 본 연구의 결과에 대한 해석과 의의, 시사 점, 한계 및 미래 연구에 대한 방향 등이 논의되었다.

We focus on the fire scheduling problem (FSP), the problem of determining the sequence of targets to be fired at, for the objective of minimizing makespan to achieve tactical goals. In this paper, we assume that there are m available weapons to fire at n targets (> m) and the weapons are already allocated to targets. One weapon or multiple weapons can fire at one target and these fire operations should start simultaneously while the finish time of them may be different. We develop several dominance properties and a lower bound for the problem, and suggest a branch and bound algorithm implementing them. Also, In addition, heuristic algorithms that can be used for obtaining an initial upper bound in the B&B algorithm and for obtaining good solutions in a short time were developed. Computational experiments are performed on randomly generated test problems and results show that the suggested algorithm solves problems of a medium size in a reasonable amount of computation time. The proposed lower bound, the dominance properties, and the heuristics for upper bound are tested in B&B respectively, and the result showed that lower bound is effective to fathoming nodes and the dominance properties and heuristics also worked well. Also, it is showed that the CPU time required by this algorithm increases rapidly as the problem size increases. Therefore, the suggested B&B algorithm would be limited to solve large size problems. However, the employed heuristic algorithms can be effectively used in the B&B algorithm and can give good solutions for large problems within a few seconds.

Park, Yong-han. 2015. “A Study on the occurrence motives and Socio-cultural Implications of Military-humor Texts”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 23(3). 113~ 145. Humor can be the main subject of sociolinguistic research since it indirectly reflects how people, who actually produce and enjoy humor, think about the main issues of their community. The military employs many forms of humor within its organization to relieve tensions in communication. As humor helps people to resolve the anxieties and rigid thoughts and become more flexible, various contents and forms of humor are produced and circulated within the military. With the subject of military-humor text consisting of contents relating to military society, this research looks into the motivation of humors that were produced and enjoyed as a narrative by current and previous military personnels and also the socio-cultural implication reflected in that humor text. Through this research we were able to verify various traits of the military using linguistical approaches. While military-humor texts do indirectly disclose the negative aspects of society, protects one's self-confidence and resolves repressed desires, it is also produced and enjoyed by a number of people simply for entertainment. These military-humor texts also include socio-cultural implications such as double perceptions towards military service, rank-orientedness, authoritarianism, de-individuation, isolationism, formalism, and thinking rigidity. I hope the results of this research is found useful in analyzing the socio-cultural characteristics of the military.

The purpose of this article is to observe some particular characteristics of relationships between Jeju-islanders and government in the era of American Military Rule (1945-1948). More specially, I am concerned with understanding of some aspects of special relationships of conflicts between people and government in Jeju island. In order to examine some characteristics of Jeju islanders’ attitude against the American Military Government, I try to concentrate more on the contexts of policy of American Military Government, examination of contents of policy making at local government level, types of policy-implementation through qualitative content analysis of articles of THE JEJU SHINBO ( only one newspaper in Jeju-do of that period). In using survey method, I am also explaining about why Jeju islanders support dissident groups rather than American Military Government : phenomena of Jeju islanders’ anti-government political orientation. I can learn about some aspects of relationships between people and American Military Government through my research of content analysis on articles of newspaper (the period of analysis : January 1, 1947- April 20, 1948). In the concrete, I have some propositions about relationships between people and government. 1. I can find some experiences common to Jeju islanders’ discontents against policy implementation of American Military Government among painful events which occurred under bad administration. For example, American military government prohibited people from participatingin anniversary meeting of March 1st Independence Movement Day without reason. At day, it was terrific that innocent 6 people had died by pistol shooting of military police force in March of 1947. From my analysis I confirm that hard-liner policy of American military government developed into bad administration that had restructured to support bureaucracy- centered society rather peopleoriented one. 2. I can find that hard-liner policy forming and unreasonable policy implementation had made Jeju islanders’ political orientation worse from pro-attitudes toward American Military Rule to antigovernment mode. I think that it is meaningful task to the extent how to explain anti- government movement of Jeju islanders’ by means of some aspects of conflict relationships between people and government in the policy forming and implementation processes. I concluded that policy direction of American had supported for the framework of anti-communism politics and militaryoriented pattern of organization culture in Jeju island. I think that it is meaningful for me to explain failure and dilemma of policy making in the era of American government that oppressed a peaceful higher expectation of autonomy and desire of Jeju islanders’ toward good administration for democratic nation building.

1945년 해방을 맞이한 후 1954년까지 한국은 해방과 미군정, 그리고 한국전쟁 등으로 거의 10년간 국토의 지도 제작에 대한독자적인 관심을 가질 수 없었다. 그 당시에 사용된 지도는 미군 지도가 유일하다. 현재 텍사스 대학이 소재하고 있는 1946년, 1951년에발간된 미육군지도창 제작 서울 지도가 온라인으로 공개되어 있다. 이에 반해 UTM 좌표계로 재편집된 1951년의 미군정 지도는 한국에서 희소한 자료로 판단된다. 이들 미군정 지도는 군사작전과 지형 및 도시경관 변화 연구에 매우 유익한 당시의 정보를 제공한다.이 연구의 목적은 1946년 초판 발행되고 1950년 재편집되었으며, 1951년에 발간된 미육군지도창에서 UTM 좌표계로 제작한 서울 중심부의 지도를 서지학적으로 분석하는데 있다. 먼저, 미군정 지도의 발달과정을 고찰한다. 그 다음으로, 온라인 공개된 미군 지도와 UTM 좌표계로 재편집된 미군정 지도의 서지학적 특성을 비교한다. 특히, 좌표체계, 축척, 방위, 투영법, 지명, 행정구역, 범례, 출처,용도 등 지도의 기본 구성 요소별 특징을 고찰하고 색필로 수기된 내용의 지리적 의미를 고찰한다. 본 지도는 서울의 토지이용과경관의 변화를 연구하는 기초가 될 것이다.

비행청소년은 내적갈등으로 인해 내적 사회적응 속에서 감정조절의 실패와 충동성과 공격성의 표출로 범죄를 자행할 우려가 많다. 따라서 교정교화관점에서 심리적 문제를 겪고 있는 청소년들이 내재된 심리문제를 최면힐링을 통해 단기간에 효과적으로 치유할 수 있는지 여부를 연구하고자 한다. 24세 이하의 청소년들로 구성된 군대의 대다수 병사들은 일반사회의 연령, 학교 선ᆞ후배 등이 중시되는 서열문화에서 계급만이 모든 것을 우선하는 계급병영문화로 인한 문화적 충격으로 심리적 문제를 겪고 있는 것이다. 특히 관심병사들은 군 입대 전에 가지고 있던 가족문제ᆞ친구문제ᆞ과거 트라우마 등이나, 군 입대 후 계급사회로 인해 생기는 심리문제가 개인의 무의식을 자극하면서 자살이나 대형 사고를 야기 시키고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 비행청소년들처럼 심리장애를 겪고 있는 관심병사들을 대상으로 분노치유ᆞ자아탐색ᆞ미래비전 등을 주된 교육내용으로 단기간에 치유효과가 있는 것으로 판단되는 최면힐링프로그램을 수도권 군부대 협조를 받아 7회 걸쳐 총 14시간 교육하였다. 그 결과 충동성과 공격성의 완화에 통계적으로 유의한 변화가 있었으며 군부대 적응에서도 많은 개선을 보여주었다. 연구결과로 보아 최면힐링프로그램이 비행청소년같이 심리장애를 겪고 있는 관심병사에게 긍정적인 심리변화와 함께 군부대적응에도 도움이 됨에 따라 비행 및 범죄청소년의 심리치유를 위한 교정교화에도 최면힐링프로그램이 효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In order to manage essential parts that are required for the repairable parts services performed at the military maintenance depots, the United States Air Force developed the Repairability Forecasting Model (RFM). In the RFM, if the requirements of the parts are assumed to follow the normal probability distribution after applying means from the past data to the replacement rate and lead times, the chance of the AWP (Awaiting Parts) occurring is 50%. In this study, to counter the uncertainties of requirements and lead times from the RFM, the safety level concept is considered. To obtain the safety level for requirements, the binomial probability distribution is applied, while the safety level for lead time is obtained by applying the normal probability distribution. After adding this concept, the improved RFM is renamed as the ARFM (Advanced RFM), and by conducting the numerical stimulation, the effectiveness of the ARFM, minimizing the occurrence of the AWP, is shown by increasing the efficiency of the maintenance process and the operating rate of the weapon system.

The purpose of this study lies in figuring out the factors of how soldiers' digital games experiences make influence on combat power improvement of the military.. For this study, based on the technology acceptance model, we have analyzed how causation is formed between self-efficacy and the collective-efficacy, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and the behavior intention. As a result of validating structure equation modeling targeting the sample of 101 soldiers, self-efficacy on digital game has a significant impact on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and the behavior intention. This result implies that soldiers’ digital game experiences have compelling relations on improving combat power of individual, which is a component of the military combat power, and the members of the organization. This study’s result offers an insight for implementing and utilizing small unit war game cyber combat system, which is based on digital games related to improving the military combat power in the future

외국의 배타적 경제수역과 대륙붕에서 군사기기의 설치가 허용되는지에 관하여 다음과 같은 두 개의 견해가 존재한다. 첫째, 유엔해양법협약 제58조와 제87조의 해석을 통해 외국의 허가 없이도 군사기기(예컨대, 고정식 수중음향 탐지장비)의 설치가 가능하다는 견해이다. Treves 교수의 견해에 따르면, 군사기기는 그 크기가 매우 작아 구조물 내지 시설물에 포함되지 않고, 선박의 운행과 연관된 ‘관선부설 자유’의 범주에 해당하기 한다. 따라서 유엔해양법협약 제58조에 따라 연안국의 동의가 없이도 군사기기의 설치가 가능하다는 입장이다. 두 번째 견해는 유엔해양법협약 제58조와 제87조의 해석에 따라 외국의 배타적 경제수역이나 대륙붕에서 군사기기를 설치하기 위해서는 연안국의 허가가 필요하다는 입장이다. Zedalis 교수는 군사기기의 크기가 매우 작아 시설물 내지 구조물에 해당하지 않는다는 Treves 교수의 견해에 관하여, 중요한 것은 크기가 아니라 특성 내지 기능적 속성에 기인하는 문제이며, 수중음향 탐지장비와 같은 군사기기의 설치를 ‘관선부설 자유’의 범주에 포함시키거나, ‘선박의 운용에 연관된’ 문제로 파악하는 것은 유엔해양법협약 제58조와 동 협약 제87조의 차이점을 무시하는 것이라고 지적한다. 많은 국가들이 자국의 배타적 경제수역과 대륙붕에서의 군사기기 설치에 거부적인 태도를 보이는 것은 군사기기 설치에 연안국의 허가를 요구하는 명백한 입장을 보여준다. 외국의 배타적 경제수역 내지 대륙붕에 동의 없이 그러한 군사기기를 설치하는 것은 국제법의 규정에 부합하지 않으며 상대방 국가의 군사적 안보를 해할 수 있다는 점에서 해양의 평화적 이용의 범주에 해당하지 않을 수 있다. 따라서 외국의 동의가 없는 군사기기의 설치는 자제되어야 마땅하다. 왜냐하면 해양의 평화적 이용은 유엔해양법협약 전반을 관통하는 원칙으로서 동 협약 전문에서 보는 바와 같이 해양법에 관련된 모든 문제를 상호 이해와 협력의 정신으로 해결하고 모든 국가의 주권을 적절히 고려해야 할 것을 요구하고 있기 때문이다.마지막으로 국제항행에 이용되는 해협 내에 공해가 존재하는 경우 군사기기의 설치를 위해 허가를 받을 필요는 없지만, 오늘날 대부분의 국가들이 배타적 경제수역을 선포하고 있는 점을 감안할 때, 공해를 포함하는 국제해협을 상정하기는 사실상 어렵다.

This paper aims to examine the constructional background and process of the Japanese military installations of Jisim-do, especially based on the military secret documents. Furthermore, it aims to analyze the characteristics of the remains. First, the study looked into the procedure of forcible occupation by Japan, involving the background of the designation and forcible accommodation of military reservations, and forced eviction by the purchase of land. Second, the study identified the background of construction, purpose, and construction period of each battery built throughout the ‘Fort maintenance period’ according to changes in international situations. Third, it is the 'Chukseongbu' that supervised the construction of fortresses. Fourth, the study considered a series of arrangement processes in which Jisim-do became a fortresses through『Yukgunsungdae-ilgi』, a military operations report for the Japanese army. Through this, it discovered a clear construction process, construction details, and the supply for Jisim-do. The study was also able to reveal the meticulousness in constructing firm facilities more promptly from the ‘design tactics’.

This study estimates environmental noises and noise impacts on surroundings by relocation of military training center from city central to suburb. Devising noise prevention plans are found to diminish harmful influence and to design noise reduction system. The prediction is drawn in each separation distance. The measurement is conducted during shoot exercise by a light machine gun(M60), an assault rifle(K-2), a Panzerfaust 3 and a recoilless rifle. The measured noise is 103dB(A) at shooting range in military training center, that is very high noise level. The characteristic of shooting noise is momentary and impulsive, also high leveled through all frequency band. And the forecast of noise assessment at the intended area exceeds noise criteria. Consequently, civil complaint is highly expected. Therefore, noise control system is needed for firing range. General methodology, such as soundproof box and barrier can reduce noise level at residential area near shooting range, which is anticipated by simulation.

This article is to review the change of perception of Japanese Army on the public after Russo-Japanese War and its impact on military training system. I Keywords: Total War, military training, mobilization, Training for youths- Japanese War and World War I. Tanaka has been deeply interested in the relationship of between the public and the army earlier on. He regarded the army as a school to train ‘good citizens’ and is also interested in training of young people. After World War I, the thought of Total War System was more and more shaped up in Japan and the efforts to inspire it to the public through trainings were made. Especially the army implemented the military training sessions in all the schools as well as established “Training Institutes for youths” for non-school youth in order to get more suitable citizens for the army. These ideology educations enabled reformation of the public, and which effected positively to build Total War System lead mainly by the army later on.

One year has already passed since the International Civil Aviation Organization’s (ICAO) language proficiency requirements (LPRs) test was implemented in Korea. The purpose of this study was to investigate the military air traffic controllers’ (ATCs) perceptions and their needs on English Proficiency Test for Aviation (EPTA) test. To do that, the results were compared with civilian ATCs’ perceptions which were analyzed by Shin and Kim (2005). A total of 60 active duty Air Force ATCs participated in the survey process. The questionnaire was composed of 27 items including 23 multiple choice and 4 open-ended questions. All results were discussed in the following categories: general perception of the EPTA, specific needs for military ATCs and test preparations. The results showed that gaps still exist among ICAO LPRs, the current EPTA test, and military ATCs’ specific needs. It was suggested that, to make more customized aviation English tests in the Korean ESP field as well as to meet the ICAO LPRs, it is necessary for all relevant governmental organizations, language test groups, and test experts to continuously pay attention to test-takers’ practical and specific needs.

본 연구는 SNS의 특성과 조직문화가 군사기와 커뮤니케이션에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고 한/미의 그룹간의 차이을 알아보고자 하는 논문이다 1) 과학적 검증을 위해 본 연구에서는 165 명의 군언을 대상으로 하여 설문을 수집 및 분석하였다. 분석방 법은 각 변수들간의 관계를 알아보고자 구조방정식을 사용하였다. 이를 위해 연구 데이터를 Smart PLS 2.0을 이용하여 판별타당성，확인적 요인분석，신뢰도와 모형의 적합도，경로분석을 실시하였다. 이를 통해 연구 가설의 유의성을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 전체적으로는 매체풍부성 사회적규범 위계적 문화 집단문화가 커뮤니케이션 만족에 협별 미치는 것으로 나타났고 한/미간에 만족을 시키는 원인의 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 조직커뮤니케이션의 원인과 그룹간의 차이를 알아본 것이 기여점이라고 하겠다.