The objectives of this investigation were to study the effects of moisture content, screw speed and barrel temperature on physical properties of extruded soy protein isolate (SPI) with L-cysteine and xylose. SPI with L-cysteine and xylose was extruded at 30 and 35% moisture contents, screw speed 150 and 250 rpm and barrel temperatures 140 and 160℃. SPI extruded at 30% moisture content, screw speed 250 rpm and barrel temperature 140℃ was control (100% SPI). Increasing barrel temperature and moisture content decreased expansion ratio of all extrudates but increasing screw speed increased expansion ratio. Moisture content, screw speed and barrel temperature affected the color (L, a, b, ΔE) of extrudates. Water absorption index (WAI) and fat binding capacity (FBC) increased with increasing barrel temperature and screw speed. WAI and FBC were the highest at 30% moisture content. The pore structure of extrudates was a finer at barrel temperature 160℃. The increase in screw speed and moisture content showed more organized fibrous and thicker cell walls. The extrusion condition and the addition of L-cysteine and xylose may improve physical properties such as the structure-forming and textures of extruded SPI products.

We present physical properties of 24 μm galaxies detected by AKARI and Spitzer and their evolution between redshifts 0:4 < z < 2. Using multi-wavelength data from X-ray to radio observations in NEP Deep Field (for AKARI) and Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Field (for Spitzer), we derive photometric redshift, stellar mass, star-formation rate (SFR), dust extinction magnitude and rest-frame luminosities/colors of the 24 μm galaxies from photometric SED fitting. We infer the SFRs from rest-frame ultraviolet luminosity and total infrared luminosity calibrated against Herschel photometric data. For both survey elds, we obtain complete samples with stellar mass of > 1010M⊙ and SFR of > 30M⊙=yr up to z = 2. We nd that specific SFRs evolves with redshift at all stellar masses in NON-power-law galaxies (non-PLGs) as star-formation dominant luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs). The correlations between specific SFR and stellar mass in the Spitzer and AKARI galaxy samples are well consistent with trends of the main sequence galaxies. We also discuss nature of PLGs and their evolution.

목 적: 국내 시판 실리콘하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈의 산소투과도와 함수율 등을 측정하고 국내 제품과 해외 수입제품, 각 회사별로 구분하여 그 결과를 분석하였다. 방 법: 국내에서 시판되어 유통되고 있는 7개의 회사의 25종 실리콘하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈를 대상으로 함수율, 산소전달도, 산소투과도를 측정하였다. 결 과: 실리콘하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈의 함수율은 33~48%의 범위로 측정되었으며, 국내 제품과 해외 수입제품이 비슷한 범위의 함수율을 나타내었다. 그러나 산소전달도(Dk/t)의 경우, 국내 제조제품은 평 균 8.46±1.14×10-9(cm/mlO2)/(sec×ml×mmHg), 해외 수입제품은 평균 83.66±4.63×10-9(cm×mlO2)/ (sec×ml×mmHg)로 측정되어 그 차이가 매우 크게 나타났다. 결 론: 실리콘 하이드로젤 콘택트렌즈는 재질에 따라 주요 물리적 특징인 산소전달도가 크게 차이가 있 는 상황이기에 판매사의 정확한 정보제공이 필요하며, 렌즈 선택 시 주의가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

E (Electric) -glass fibers are the most widely used glass fibers, taking up 90 % of the long glass fiber market. However, very few papers have appeared on the physical characteristics of E-glass fibers and how they depend on the fiberizing temperature of fiber spinning. Glass fiber was fabricated via continuous spinning process using bulk E-glass. In order to fabricate the E-glass specimen, raw materials were put into a Pt crucible and melted at 1550 oC for 2hrs; mixture was then annealed at 621 ± 10 oC for 2hrs. The transmittance and adaptable temperature for spinning of the bulk marble glass were characterized using a UV-visible spectrometer and a viscometer. Continuous spinning was carried out using direct melting spinning equipment as a function of the fiberizing temperature in the range of 1175~1250 oC, while the winder speed was fixed at 500 rpm. Subsequently we investigated the physical properties of the E-glass fiber. The average diameter of the synthesized glass fiber was measured by optical microscope. The mechanical properties of the fiber were confirmed using a UTM (universal materials testing machine); the maximum tensile strength was measured and found to be 1843 ± 449MPa at 1225 oC.

Transparent organic-inorganic hybrid hard coating films were prepared by the addition of SiO2 or ZrO2, as an inorganic filler to improve the hardness property, filler was highly dispersed in the acrylic resin. To improve the compatibility in the acrylic resin, SiO2 or ZrO2 is surface-modified using various silanes with variation of the modification time and silane content. Depending on the content and kind of the modified inorganic oxide, transparent modified inorganic sols were formulated in acryl resin. Then, the sols were bar coated and cured on PET films to investigate the optical and mechanical properties. The optimized film, which has a modified ZrO2 content of 4 wt% markedly improved in terms of the hardness, haze, and transparency as compared to neat acrylate resin and acrylate resin containing modified SiO2 content of 8 wt%. Meanwhile, the low transparency and high haze of these films slowly appeared at SiO2 content above 10 wt% and ZrO2 content of 5 wt%, but the hardness values were maintained at 2H and 3H, respectively, in comparison with the HB of neat acrylate resin.

내열, 코팅 및 접착특성이 우수한 아크릴계 공중합체를 설계, 제조하였다. 공중합체용 모노머 로 methyl methacrylate(MMA), isobornyl methacrylate(IBMA) 그리고 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)를 사용하여 괴상 중합 및 유화 중합으로 반응하여 > 95%이상 고수율로 중합체를 제조하였다. 1H-NMR로 화학구조를 확인하였고 DSC, DMA, TGA분석으로 내열성을 확인한 결과 유리전이온도가 123 ℃이상 140 ℃까지 높게 나타났다. 또한, IBMA성분이 증가함에 따라 저장 탄성율, 열분해온도 모 두 증가하였다. 인장강도는 IBMA의 함량이 전체 모노머 조성물중 10%에서 30%로 증가함에 따라 괴상 및 유화 중합체 모두에서 22에서 30 MPa로 강도가 증가하였으며 IBMA의 소수성 특성으로 접촉각은 70도에서 88도까지 증가함을 확인하였다.

본 연구는 메탈로센 촉매를 이용한 폴리에틸렌 왁스의 중합과 그 특성에 관한 연구를 진행 하였다.폴리에틸렌 왁스 중합에 사용되는 다양한 중합 조건을 시도하였다. 낮은 분자량을 갖는 폴리에틸 렌 중합에 널리 이용되는 Ziegler-Natta 촉매와는 다른 여러가지 구조의 리간드를 갖는 다양한 메탈로 센 촉매가 중합 특성에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구와 촉매의 수소 반응성에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. 또 한 연쇄이동제인 수소량에 따른 분자량의 변화와 에틸렌 가스의 비율에 따른 분배를 관찰하였다. 마지막 으로 본 연구에서는 폴리에틸렌 왁스의 중합에 적합한 메탈로센 촉매 구조를 제안하였다.

약용매에 용해가 가능한 알킬기 변성 에폭시수지를 합성하기 위하여, 1단계에서 당량비 기준 dodecyl phenol (DP)/formaldehyde = 1.25~1.333/1.0로 하여, 합성된 도데실 페놀 노볼락 화합물의 벤젠 고리수가 3.0~5.0가 되도록 합성하였고, 2단계에서는 당량비 기준으로 1단계에서 합성된 도데실 페놀 노 볼락 화합물/비스페놀A형 에폭시수지 (YD-128) = 1/2로 합성하였고, 3단계는 지방산을 투입하여 지방산 변성 도데실 페놀 노볼락 에폭시수지를 합성하였다. 합성된 수지의 반응성도, 점성도와 분자량 변화, 약용 매 가용성 등을 측정한 결과, 1단계에서 합성된 도데실 페놀 노볼락 화합물의 벤젠고리수가 늘어남에 따라 지방산 변성 도데실 페놀 노볼락 에폭시수지의 점도가 상승하였고, 약용매 가용성이 우수하였다. 도료 제 조 후 물성을 측정한 결과, 개환촉매로 triphenylphosphine(TPP)을 사용한 DPFAC-5는 건조속도, 접착성, 도막경도, 내충격성, 내산성 및 저장안정성이 양호하였다.

도시의 건축물은 고층화와 미려함에 초점을 맞춘 추세로 건축되고 있다. 도시의 아름다움을 유지하고, 높은 가치를 지키기 위해서는 항상 좋은 상태로 건축물을 관리해야 하는 것이 중요하다. 이를 위해서는 건축물의 내외장재 를 깨끗하게 유지하여야 하며 많은 비용을 필요로 한다. 따라서 사용자들은 비, 눈, 또는 공기 오염으로부터 원래의 상태를 유지할 수 있는 자기 세정력을 요구하고 있다. 본 연구는 도장된 패널에 자기 세정 기능을 더하여 건축물의 관리 비용을 줄여주는 해법을 제시하고자 한다. polymethylsilicate를 함유한 소수성 PVDF 도막을 물로 처리했을 때 polymethylsilicate의 가수분해에 의해 코팅 소재의 표면에 하이드록시기가 형성되어 세정력을 가지게 되므로 물에 침 지한 후 표면의 색과 접촉각의 변화를 관찰하였다. 물 처리에 의해 소재의 표면에 친수성기를 형성하는 것은 매우 순 한 과정이므로 여러 가지 환경 오염원으로부터 건축물을 보호할 수 있는 자기세정 시스템의 새로운 응용 분야를 열 어줄 것이다.

This study is aimed to measure the physical colorimetric property according to three conditions, natural dyestuffs (Gardenia, Sappan wood, Lac, Gardenia blue, Mugwort, and Indigo), fabric types (cotton, silk), and presence of mordant (without, with), and then to evaluate the psychological sensibility. Also, to perform analysis of variance (ANOVA) to find out the differences of physical properties according to the three natural dyeing conditions, and to analyze the relationship between physical property and psychological property by Pearson's correlation analysis and then suggest the prediction model by regression analysis using SPSS program (ver. 21.0). Finally, to propose a certain sensibility image map of naturally dyed fabrics, MDS (Multidimensional Scaling) was used, and as a result, Gardenia dyed fabrics having the color sensibilities such as 'hard' and 'heavy' were suggested to evoke masculine image, and to evoke feminine image, Sappan wood and Lac having 'bright', 'transparent', 'soft' and 'light' sensibilities were suggested. Natural image might be induced by using 'subdued' Mugwort dyed fabrics, and active image might be induced by using 'showy' Indigo dyed fabric.

목 적: 본 연구는 MPC(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)와 PEGMA(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate) 등의 단량체를 사용한 콘택트렌즈의 물리적 성질을 살펴보고자 한다. 방 법: 시료는 하이드로겔의 기본 단량체인 HEMA(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)에 MPC, PEGMA, 그리고 Styrene를 혼합하여 공중합으로 제작하였다. 전체 시료는 중합한 8종의 콘택트렌즈와 시판되는 omafilconA을 사용하였다. HEMA에 MPC와 PEGMA를 혼합한 경우와 HEMA, MPC, PEGMA에 저함수 단 량체인 styrene을 추가한 경우를 비교하였다. 시료의 물리적 성질을 측정하기 위하여 함수율, 굴절률, 접촉 각, 인장강도를 측정하였다. 결 과: 함수율은 HMP시료가 가장 높으며, HS시료는 가장 낮은 값으로 나타났다. HS와 HSP시료의 굴절 률이 높은 값을 가지며 HM과 HMP시료는 낮은 값을 보였다. 인장강도의 경우, omafilcon A가 매우 낮게 나타났으며, HS시료가 높은 값을 나타냈다. 함수율이 증가하면 인장강도는 감소하는 경향성을 보였다. 접촉 각의 경우, HMP시료가 가장 낮아 높은 습윤성을 나타내었으며, HSMP시료는 가장 높은 값을 보여 습윤성 이 낮음을 알 수 있었다. Omafilcon A는 HSMP시료와 비슷한 접촉각을 보임으로써 본 연구에 사용한 8종의 시료와 비교하여 높은 접촉각을 나타내었다. 결 론: MPC와 PEGMA를 동시에 혼합하여 높은 함수율, 낮은 접촉각을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 MPC와 PEGMA 단량체는 하이드로겔 콘택트렌즈의 습윤성을 개선하는데 기여한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

This study was performed to investigate the effects of heat treatment on the physical properties of two species of wood under different heating conditions including at 180℃ for 12 h and 24h, and at 210℃ for 3h and 6h. Heat treatment tests for Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi were performed in order to assess the effects on the properties of dimension, weight, density loss, and water absorption. The results showed heat treatment caused significant changes in physical properties such as the dimension, weight, density loss and amount of water absorption. The dimension, weight and density of wood after heat treatment decreased as the heating temperature and time were increased. The amount of water absorption was lower in heat-treated wood than that in solid wood until 48hours. However, the water absorption of heat-treated wood was higher in heat-treated wood than that in solid wood at 96hours. The amount of water absorption of solid Pinus densiflora was higher than that of solid Larix kaempferi.

Rare-earth zirconates, such as lanthanum zirconates and gadolinium zirconates, have been intensively investigated due to their excellent properties of low thermal conductivity as well as chemical stability at high temperature, which can make these materials ones of the most promising candidates for next-generation thermal barrier coating applications. In this study, three compositions, lanthanum/gadolinium zirconates with reduced rare-earth contents from stoichiometric RE2Zr2O7 compositions, are fabricated via solid state reaction as well as sintering at 1600oC for 4 hrs. The phase formation, microstructure, and thermo-physical properties of three oxide ceramics are examined. In particular, each oxide ceramics exhibits composite structures between pyrochlore and fluorite phases. The potential of lanthanum/ gadolinium zirconate ceramics for TBC applications is also discussed.

Cellulose acetate (CA) has been used for microfiltration/ultrafiltration applications because of its good solubility in common solvents. However, it is sensitive to chemical and physical degradation. Therefore, in this study, cellulose acetate was crosslinked with terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) in dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solution to complement these weakness. Cross-linking was confirmed by increasing in dope solution viscosity and FT-IR. To indicate the chemical resistance, weight loss was observed after the cross-linked CA membranes were immersed in ethanol, hexane, acetone and DMAc solvent for 24h. The physical properties were evaluated by the tensile strength. In the result of experience, effect of the degree of cross-linking by increasing of the concentration of TPC improved the chemical and physical properties of CA.

Purpose : Ophthalmic soft contact lens using functional silicone monomer were manufactured and the physical properties of copolymerized materials were analyzed. Methods : The materials for ophthalmic hydrogel contact lenses were polymerized by adding 1,3-bis(TDS) and acrylated poly-(dimethyl siloxane) to DMA, HEMA and cross-linking agent(EGDMA) which are commonly used in ophthalmic hydrogel contact lenses. The hydrogel ophthalmic lens was manufactured by cast mould method. The manufactured ophthalmic hydrogel contact lenses were stored in a 0.9% NaCl normal saline for 24 hrs. And also, for the utility of functional silicone monomer as a high gas permeability and visible light transmittance material for ophthalmologic devices, the oxygen permeability, spectral transmittance and water contact were measured. Results : The value of oxygen permeability ranges from 16.83 to 36.59 x    ×     sec ×  ×   . The results showed that the average value of water content decreased as the ratio of additive increased. The visible light tansmittance of copolymerized ophthalmic soft contact lenses, was in the range 89~ 92%. Conclusions : The material containing acrylate poly-(dimethyl siloxane) and methacrylate siloxane is expected to be used usefully as a material for high oxygen permeability hydrogel contact lens.

Interpreting ultraviolet-to-infrared (UV-to-IR) observations of galaxies in terms of constraints on phys- ical parameters - such as stellar mass (M*) and star formation rate (SFR) - requires spectral synthesis modelling. We investigate how increasing the level of sophistication of the standard simplifying assump- tions of such models can improve estimates of galaxy physical parameters. To achieve this, we compile a sample of 1048 galaxies at redshifts 0:7 < z < 2:8 with accurate photometry at rest-frame UV to near-IR wavelengths from the 3D-HST Survey. We compare the spectral energy distributions of these galaxies with those from different model spectral libraries to derive estimates of the physical parameters. We find that spectral libraries including sophisticated descriptions of galaxy star formation histories (SFHs) and prescriptions for attenuation by dust and nebular emission provide a much better representation of the observations than `classical' spectral libraries, in which galaxy SFHs are assumed to be exponentially declining functions of time, associated with a simple prescription for dust attenuation free of nebular emission. As a result, for the galaxies in our sample, M* derived using classical spectral libraries tends to be systematically overestimated and SFRs systematically underestimated relative to the values derived adopting a more realistic spectral library. We conclude that the sophisticated approach considered here is required to reliably interpret fundamental diagnostics of galaxy evolution.

In this paper we introduce the Plasma Physics of Active Galactic Nuclei project, which is an ongoing experiment with Korean VLBI Network (KVN) and KVN and VERA Array (KaVA) to study multi- frequency polarimetric properties on parsec scales of active galaxies. The goal of the project is to improve our understanding of fundamental jet physics, especially evolution of the relativistic out ow coupled with the large-scale magnetic field. We selected six radio-loud AGN as our targets. So far we (i) detected resolved emissions regions at 86 and 129 GHz on VLBI scales, (ii) constructed 2D spectral index maps of the out ows, and (iii) found polarizations at 22 and 43 GHz for a few targets. Here we present spectral index distributions of 3C 120 between 22 and 43 GHz and a linear polarization map of BL Lac at 43 GHz obtained with KVN.

We have carried out optical spectroscopic measurements of emission lines for a sample of Galactic plan- etary nebulae with Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars and weak emission-line stars (wels). The plasma diagnostics and elemental abundance analysis have been done using both collisionally excited lines (CELs) and optical recombination lines (ORLs). It was found that the abundance discrepancy factors (ADF = ORL/CEL) are closely correlated with the difference between temperatures derived from forbidden lines and those from He i recombination lines, implying the existence of H-deficient materials embedded in the nebula. The Hβ surface brightness correlations suggest that they might be also related to the nebular evolution.

Experimental design with pellet heating time of 1.00, 1.33, 1.67, 2.00, 2.33, 2.67, 3.00, 3.33, 3.67, and 4.00 min was studied to investigate the effects of pellet heating time on the physical properties (expansion ratio, density and breaking strength) of vacuum-puffed Yukwa. The size and shape of vacuum-puffed Yukwa varied with respect to the pellet heating time.As pellet heating time increased, a values and b values tended to increase. The maximum expansion (4.626) with the lowest bulk density (0.112) was obtained at 3.33 min heating time, whereas the minimum expansion (2.954) with the highest bulk density (0.208) was found at 1 min. The breaking strength of vacuumpuffed Yukwa decreased significantly as the pellet heating time increased. Overall, the heating time had significant impacts on the physical properties of vacuum-puffed Yukwa.