생분해성 양쪽성 고분자를 이용하여 수용액에 존재하는 소수성 오염물질(페놀, 4-니트로페놀, 벤젠, 톨루엔) 및 중금속(Cs+,;Mg2+,;Cu2+,;Ni2+,;Cr3)을 제거하였다. 친수성을 띤 단량체로써 분자량이 서로 다른(1,100 그리고 5,000) methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG)를 이용해 합성하였다. 투과실험 결과 상대적으로 분자량이 작은 MPEG를 이용해 합성한 경우보다 분자량이 큰 MPEG를 사용하였을 때 더 높은 제거율을 나타내었다. 한외여과공정을 이용해 오염물 없이 생분해성 나노파티클을 투과한 결과 나노파티클 용액의 농도가 100 mg/L 이상인 경우 나노 파티클 제거율은 98% 이상이었다. 소수성을 나타내는 오염원 제거시 소수성이 큰 오염원일수록 더 높은 제거율을 보였다. 또한 금속이온의 경우는 3가, 2가, 1가 이온의 순서로 제거율이 높았다.

The aim of this study is to allocate the amount of discharging pollution loads according to the main pollutants such as population, livestock, soil, industrial facilities of Yugu basin which is a branch of Geumriver. Also, the object area was divided into 22 small subbasin sectors to assess the loading amount and applicate the water quality model. The considering items to forecast the water quality were restricted BOD, TN and TP which had affluent data relatively. And only BOD data was used to calculate unit loading amount of the basin and arrangement of optimum pollution load. As a calculating result for the amount of discharged pollution load based on the pollution sources and data, the loading amount and density of the basin became the highest after joining of Yugu and Magok. And the results of the expected loading amount indicated the increase rate of load occurrence was less than average ±1.5% per year for BOD, TN and TP. So, it was known that factors such as population, livestock and industrial transformation kept up as present. The flow running rate for the small drainage sector by the running load amount was highly analyzed TP, BOD and TN in order. And the running load amount was high in case small basin and short running length. Also, BOD contribution rate was large as near the length for the end point of the stream and high pollution influx. The running load amount was 629.85kg/d and permission load amount was 483.03kg/d at the end of Yugu basin. Therefore, it is considered that the amount is to reduce 146.82kg/d and reduction load amount by the region on establishing the sewage treatment facilities was expected 185.07kg/d for Yugu, 22.21kg/d Shinpoong, 25.91kg/d Sagok, 20.26kg/d Woosung and 255.40kg/d after total same time reduction. So, it is concluded that the arrangement of optimum load amount for reduction is proper to Yugu, Sagok, Shinpoong and Woosung orderly.

Activated carbon fiber (ACF) filters are widely used to remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air cleaning devices. The performance of ACF filters could be enhanced combining adsorption process with photodegradation process. In this study, to investigate this enhancement effect, a duct-type reactor was made and TiO2 was i㎜obilized on a co㎜ercialized ACF filter. Benzene, toluene, and m-xylene (BTX) were chosen as target compounds. Removal experiments for BTX were done under different air velocity and upstream concentration conditions. The range of inlet concentration was 200～1,400 ppb and the air velocities were 0.4, 0.7 and 1.0 m/s. Adsorption by an ACF filter alone showed high removal efficiency of BTX, depending on the BTX species, the upstream concentration, and the air velocity. The combination of TiO2 and ACF filter significantly increased removal of benzene which was less removed than other pollutants by an ACF filter alone. It was found that the combination effect was small in removal test of toluene and m-xylene. Removal efficiency in the tested experimental conditions was decreased in order of toluene > m-xylene > benzene.

경북 안동지역의 10개 하천 및 하천 주변으로부터 2004년 5월에 물, 토양, 퇴적물의 시료를 채취하였다. 이들 지역의 환경오염 수준을 평가하기 위해 표준공정시험법이나 U.S. EPA 법을 이용하여 시료 중의 총질소, 총인, 화학적 산소요구량, 중금속, 유기인 및 유기염소계 잔류농약, 그리고 dioxin-like PCBs 등의 오염물질의 분석을 실시하였으며, 이와 더불어 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua)을 이용한 면역교란의 생체지표 분석을 병행하였다. 일반적으로 총질소가 9.12 mg/L 수준의 와야천을 제외하고는, 각 하천 중의 총질소, 총인, 화학적 산소요구량은 환경부에서 정한 허용기준치보다는 비교적 낮았다. 각 하천 시료 중의 납과 카드뮴의 함량은 허용 기준보다도 매우 낮았지만, 하천에 따라 차이가 있어서 미천, 길안천, 현하천의 납과 카드뮴 함유량은 다른 하천의 시료들에 비해서 몇 배 이상 높게 검출되었다. 잔류농약은 미천 주변의 토양에서 유기인계 살충제인 다이아지논, 파라치온, 그리고 펜토에이트가 0.19, 0.40, 농도로 검출되었다. 반면에 내분비계 교란물질로 알려져 있는 16종의 유기염소계 농약과 12종의 dioxin-like PCB congeners는 검출한계 미만으로는 확인할 수 없었다. 그러나 와야천의 시료에 대한 곤충면역 교란효과를 고려해 볼 때, 이 하천의 수질과 주변의 토양이 조사한 오염원 이외의 화합물에 오염되어 있을 가능성을 제시해 준다. 이상의 분석 결과를 토대로 화학적 및 생물학적 검정 기술의 제약점과 상호 보완성이 기술되었다

The electrochemical removal (ECR) of water pollutants by activated carbon fiber (ACF) electrodes from wastewater was investigated over wide range of electrochemical reaction time. The ECR capacities of ACF electrodes were associated with their internal porosity and were related to physical properties and to reaction time. And, surface morphologies and elemental analysis for the ACFs after electrochemical reaction are investigated by SEM and EDX to explain the changes in adsorption properties. The FT-IR spectra of ACFs for the investigation of functional groups show that the electrochemical treatment is consequently associated with the homogeneous removal of pollutants with the increasing surface reactivity of the activated carbon fiber surfaces. The ACFs were electrochemically reacted to waste water to investigate the removal efficiency for the COD, T-N and T-P. From these removal results of pollutants using ACFs substrate, satisfactory removal performance was obtained. The outstanding removal effects of the ACFs substrate were determined by the properties of the material for adsorption and trapping of organics, and catalytic effects.

The work of hairdressers includes washing, coloring, bleaching, permanent waving, conditioning, and cutting scalp hair. Hairdressers are subjected to a number of physical and toxicological hazards. The toxicological hazards are those resulting from exposure to a wide range of chemicals and from chemicals are usually classified active processes. In this study, twenty beauty shops were selected to assess the exposure to indoor air pollutants such as VOCs and particulate matter (PM10) during one month from September 1 to September 30, 2003. Indoor air quality of beauty shops might be worse by vehicle emissions because the beauty shops were generally located near roadway. Personal exposures to VOCs and PM10 were related to indoor concentrations of beauty shops, respectively. According to questionnaire, hairdressers responded sore throat, eye irritation, and nervousness as health effect symptoms. Conclusively, users as well as workers in beauty shop might be highly exposed to air pollutants from indoor sources and outdoor sources. Therefore, proper methods should be prepared to improve the indoor air quality in beauty shop.

최근 도시기후를 고려한 도시계획이 많은 나라에서 실용화되고 있다. 도시기후의 고려는 주로 도시의 바람 길 조성이라는 개념으로 구체화되고 있다. 도시의 바람 길 조성은 주로 하계에 도시지역의 열적 쾌적성을 개선하는 것을 목표로 한다. 아울러, 과학적 조사에 근거하여 도시의 단지계획을 합리적으로 함으로써 청정한 냉기류의 도심유입을 원활히 하여 도심의 대기오염을 저감하고자 하는 것도 목적으로 한다. 이 연구에서는, 수치실험을 통하여 전형적인 난후기일을 대상으로 대구지역의 국지순환풍이 지나는 바람의 길을 조사하였다. 그리고 이 바람에 의한 대기오염의 수송도 조사하였다. 수치실험에 사용한 모형은 RAMS(지역규모 대기모델)이다. 수치실험의 관심지역은 대구광역시 일대(약900km2)이다. 수평규모는 약 30km이다. 수치실험은 일반풍이 약하고 쾌청한 일기조건을 갖는 늦봄의 기상조건 하에서 수행되었다. 수치실험의 결과 다음과 같은 3가지 결과를 얻었다: (1) 대구의 대표적 산지인 팔공산과 앞산에서 야간에 산정에서 복사냉각으로 생성된 국지풍이 지나는 길을 발견할 수 있었다. 그 바람은 대구의 동쪽 지역에서 중력류의 형태로 계곡을 따라서 흘러내렸다. (2) 평지에서는, 그 바람이 대구의 중심지를 지나 서쪽으로 흘러갔다. (3) 그 결과로, 대기오염물질은 야간에 국지풍에 의해 서쪽지역으로 수송되어졌다.

Currently, Ministry of Environment has promulgated and executed 'the legislation of indoor air quality for public facilities' but the data of indoor air pollutant for public facilities of this law was very insufficient. Therefore, collection of data for indoor air pollutants and execution for risk assessment in order to offer scientific data for decision-making of policy to present reasonable standards and preventive techniques of engineering were required. Therefore, this study collected and re-analysed the articles of exposure assessment for indoor environment in journals related environment in Korea since 1990 and estimated the safety factor on residents in public facilities. The objective of this study was to offer scientific data for decision-making of policy for improvement and management of indoor air quality in Korea. As the results of this study, the risk assessment for the critical pollutants in CTE (central tendency exposure) showed that safety factors according to pollutants were less than 1 which means safe level in micro-environments. It was investigated that the safety factors of CO in hospital, NO2 in terminal, PM10 and NO2 in subway station respectively were over than 1 in RME (reasonable maximum exposure). Through the results, it was investigated that health risk by inhalation of criteria and guideline air pollutants in domestic public facilities was not high. It should be considered effect of inhalation by other hazardous air pollutants because this study was examined just partial pollutants. Presentation of scientific data for expansion of study is requisite and active research of health risk assessment about indoor air quality.

인간이나 환경에 해로운 영향을 주는 지속성 유기오염물질의 독성을 평가하기 위해서 염분과 온도에 대해 내성이 강한 Acartia 종들과 Artemia을 대상으로 실험하였다. 지속성 유기오염물질인 PAHs와 TBT에 대한 요각류의 독성을 평가하기 위해 3가지의 실험을 실시하였다. 1) 광양만에서 주로 나타나는 5가지 PAHs(anthracene, benzo〔a〕pyrene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, pyrene)에 대한 A. omo

본 연구는 산성비 및 대기오염물질이 수도권지역의 침엽수 잎에 미치는 피해의 조기판단을 위해 피해도지수, 침엽접촉각, 엽내영양물질, 침엽내 wax, 토양의 화학적 성질 등의 항목을 조사.분석하였다. 조사기간은 1990년 6월부터 1년 동안 하였고, 재료는 대기오염에 민감한 수종으로 알려진 독일가문비나무와 전나무를 이용하였으며 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 피해도지수는 1990년 6월에는 무피해지(광릉, 양평), 경피해지(인천, 보라매공원, 서울여대, 안양, 양수리, 과천), 심피해지(남산, 서울시립대, 어린이대공원, 금곡릉)으로 나누어졌다. 그러나, 1990년 12월에는 인천, 과천이 심피해지로 포함되는 등 시간이 경과할수록 피해가 확산되는 경향을 보였다. 침엽의 접촉각에서도 1990년 6월보다 1990년 12월의 값이 감소하였으며, 두수종 모두 1년생잎에서 2, 3년생잎으로 갈수록 접촉각이 낮게 측정되었다. 그리고, 어린묘목일수록 피해가 심하게 나타났다. 피해도지수와 접촉각간에는 고도의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 엽내영양물질분석에서 Ca, Mg, K의 값은 대체로 시간경과에 따라 감소하였으며, 엽령이 높을수록 낮은 값을 보였다. Wax정량분석은 심피해지역에서는 엽령이 높을수록 wax함량이 적었고, 무피해지역에서는 엽령이 높을수록 많았다. 본 연구결과에 의하면 위 항목의 분석방법들이 상호보완적으로 적용되고, 장기간 지속적으로 수행될 경우 보다 좋은 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것이라 판단되었다.

물금, 양산천, 화명동 그리고 하단에 이르는 낙동강하류역에서 1983년 5~6월에 조석변동에 따른 수질분석과 유출량을 조사하여 오염부하량을 산출하고, 양산천의 본류에 대한 영향을 평가한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 양산천의 총부유물질 값은 6.1~21.3mg/l로 다른 측점에서보다 높았다. BOD의 평균치는 물금에서 1.16mg/l, 양산천 1.83mg/l, 화염동 0.79mg/l, 하단에서 3.56mg/l였다. 2. 영양염류의 농도는 하단에서 가장 높았고, 양산천에서의 값 역시 본류 보다 약간 높게 나타났다. 구리와 아연의 농도는 양산천에서 가장 높았다. 3. 각 측점에서의 평균유출량은 물금 97.02m super(3)/sec 양산천 3.7m super(3)/sec, 화명동에서 98.76m super(3)/sec였고 양산천의 본류에 대한 유출량 비는 약 4% 정도였다. 4. TSS, VSS, BOD에 대한 오염부하량들은 상류인 물금에서 하류인 화명동으로 갈수록 감소하였으나 BOD와 영양염류의 부하량은 화명동에서 높게 나타났다. 5. 물금에서의 평균부하량에 대한 양산천의 평균부하량 비는 약 8.3%로 나타났다.

This work was performed to develop a dip injection wet scrubber (DIWS) system with chlorine dioxide as the oxidant. The exhaust pollutants from a lime kiln of paper-mill were introduced to the system. When NaClO3 was used to oxidize NO into NO2, the oxidation was unsatisfactory and the combination of HNO3 or H2SO4 was required for 100% oxidation. ClO2 is recommended to oxidize NO and SO2 effectively. With the combination of 1st stage of DIWS and ClO2, 57.1% of NOx and 98% of SO2 were effectively removed. In the case of 2nd stage of DIWS and ClO2, 93.5% of NOx and 99% of SO2 were removed. The ClO2+DIWS process was superior to the ClO2+Scrubber process in terms of investment, running cost and NOx removal efficiency.

This study investigated the use of a hydroxyl-radicals-generated microbubble/catalyst (MB/Cat) system for removing organic pollutants, nitrogen, and phosphorous from liquid fertilizer produced by livestock wastewater treatment. Use of the MB/Cat system aims to improve the quality of liquid fertilizer by removing pollutants originally found in the wastewater. In addition, a reduction effect has been reported for antibiotics classified as representative non-biodegradable matter. Samples of liquid fertilizer produced by an aerobic biological reactor for swine wastewater treatment were first analyzed for initial concentrations of pollutants and antibiotics. When the MB/Cat system was applied to the liquid fertilizer, TCOD, TOC, BOD5, and NH3-N, and PO4-P removal efficiencies were found to be approximately 52%, 51%, 30%, 21%, and 66%, respectively. Additionally, Amoxicillin hydrate was removed by 10%, and Chlortetracycline HCl and Florfenicol were not present at detectable levels These findings confirm that the MB/Cat system can be used with livestock wastewater treatment to improve liquid fertilizer quality and to process wastewater that is safe for agricultural re-use.

The National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) has been sampling and cryogenically preserving various wildlife specimens to monitor bio-accumulations of chemical pollutants since 2010. Recently, the NESB set up a plan to develop reference materials at their facility to assure the analytical quality of and validate the analytical methods for their monitoring samples. One of the crucial characteristics of reference materials is intra- and inter-bottle homogeneity. In this study, we used ANOVA for total mercury concentrations in some samples to validate their homogeneities after milling and homogenization. We examined the intra- and inter-bottle homogeneities of two cryogenically-milled samples (Korean mussel (Mytilus coruscus) and black-tailed gull’s egg (Larus crassirostris). The variations in the total mercury concentrations were not significantly different intra- and inter-bottle (mussel: F=0.74, p=0.67; gull egg: F=1.96, p=0.10). Additionally, the relative standard deviations of the total mercury concentrations showed low values (mussel: 2.02%, gull egg: 1.78%). Therefore, the cryogenic-milling process statistically proves the homogeneity of the materials of mussels and sea gull eggs for chemical analysis for total mercury.

There is growing concern over the effects of global warning. In response, the power generation sector must consider a wider range of systems and fuels to generate power. One of the classes of solid fuels that is being increasingly developed is biomass. However, one of the most serious problems that biomass plants face is severe corrosion. To mitigate the problem, various approaches have been proposed in terms of additive utilization. This study is based on the results obtained during the co-combustion of wood chip and waste wood in a circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFBC boiler). The KCl concentration was reduced from 59.9 ppm to 3.9 ppm during the injection of ammonium sulfate, and NOx was reduced by 25.5 ppm from 30.6 ppm to 5.1 ppm. However, SOx increased by 110.2 ppm from 33.2 ppm to 143.4 ppm, and HCl increased by 71.5 ppm from 340.5 ppm to 412.0 ppm. Thus, we confirmed that the attitude of the superheater tube was reduced by 87 ~ 93%, and the injection of ammonium sulfate was effective in preventing high-temperature corrosion.