본 연구는 코로나19를 경험한 간호대학생의 학업 스트레스, 대인관계 및 대학생활적응 정도를 파악하고, 대학생활적응에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하고자 시행된 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 G 시 3개의 간호학과에 재학 중인 2학년 학생을 대상으로 하였다. 자료 분석을 위해 기술적 통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson 상관계수, 다중회귀분석으로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 학업 스트레스와 대학생활적응은 유 의한 음의 상관관계(r=-.584, p<.001), 대인관계와 대학생활적응은 유의한 양의 상관관계(r=.505, p<.001) 을 나타냈다. 대학생활적응에 영향요인을 확인하기 위한 회귀모형은 유의한 것으로 나타났다(F=64.462 p<.001). 학업 스트레스(β=-.542, p<.001), 대인관계(β=.339, p<.001), 주거형태(β=.199, p<.001)가 유 의한 예측요인으로 나타났고 이들 변수의 설명력은 54.6%이었다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 대학생활적응을 위 해 학업 스트레스 감소와 긍정적이고 원활한 대인관계 향상, 정서적 지지 관계 향상을 위한 교육프로그램 개발의 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

본 논문에서는 역전파 방법 기반 자동미분법을 이용하여 설계민감도를 구하고 이를 응력제한조건을 고려한 위상최적설계에 적용 하였다. 응력제한조건이 있는 위상최적화문제는 특이점(singularity)과 응력의 국부성(local nature of stress constraint)문제, 그리고 설 계 변수에 대한 비선형성의 문제를 포함하고 최적해를 얻기가 매우 힘들다. 특이점 문제를 해결하기 위해서 응력 완화(stress relaxation) 기법을 사용하였고, 응력의 국부성을 해결하기 위해 p-norm을 이용한 전역 응력치를 제한조건에 사용하였다. 설계 변수에 대한 비선 형성을 극복하기 위해 해석적인 방법으로 정확한 설계민감도를 구하는 것이 중요하다. 위상최적설계에서 기존에는 보조변수방법 (adjoint variable method)을 사용하여 빠르고 정확한 설계민감도를 구했지만, 설계민감도를 해석적으로 구해야 하고, 보조평형방정식 을 추가로 풀어야 하는 어려움이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 인공신경망에서 최적 가중치(weights)와 편차(biases)를 구할 때 쓰이는 역전파 기법을 이용하여 설계민감도를 구하고 이를 응력제한조건을 고려한 위상최적설계에 적용하였다. 역전파 기법은 자동미분에 쓰이는 기법으로 목적함수나 제한조건에 대한 설계민감도를 별도의 수식유도 없이 간단하게 구할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 또한, 미분값 을 구하는 역전파의 과정이 보조평형방정식을 푸는 것보다 계산시간이 빠르고 해석적 방법으로 구한 설계민감도와 같은 정확도를 보 여준다

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of waterlogging stress on the physiological response and growth characteristics of the five Italian ryegrass varieties. For all varieties, the germination rate of seed decreased by 10-15% as the waterlogging period increased, but the waterlogging stress treatment after the early seedling stage increased the growth of shoot and root length. Photosynthetic activity (Fv/Fm) according to waterlogging stress treatment decreased in all vareity, and Florida 80 showed the least decrease with 1.5%. Waterlogging stress treatment was found to reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (malondialdehyde, MDA) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest that other mechanisms may be involved in the defense mechanism of Italian ryegrass against waterlogging stress, such as promoting root growth to escape from waterlogging stress, in addition to the antioxidant enzyme system.

Today’s customer service providers, who have the greatest impact on customer satisfaction, are experiencing severe stress and job burnout due to various causes. Unlike general companies, the corporation has a relatively high level of dissatisfaction with customer service since there is a large conflict between the provision of kindness and the reasonable handling of civil complaints according to laws and regulations. In order to analyze the environment of the NPS’ customer service providers, 5.583 branch employees working at the National Pension Service and 407 call center employees were surveyed online using the questionnaire function of the Enterprise resource planning system. The contents of the survey consisted of a survey on customer-facing employees, the level of awareness of customer-facing workers protection measures, and opinions on improvement and supplementation related to customer-facing workers protection measures. As a result of the survey, 72.8% of the total respondents experienced grievance complaints, and the proportion of call center employees was even higher at 89.0%. In addition, both the branch and the call center had the largest share of complaints about obstruction of business, unreasonable demands, abusive language, and verbal abuse. More than 40% of call center employees in their 20s and 30s experienced the highest frequency of complaints 13 or more times a year. The most difficult thing in the process of responding to complaints was that both branch offices and call centers had insufficient psychological recovery time, lack of space, and lack of help from colleagues and superiors. Based on the survey analysis, it is suggested to establish a countermeasure through case analysis rather than the right to suspend work for civil complaints that cannot be handled, such as customized manuals and action strategies for the age group with high grievance complaints.

지속적인 이주여성의 증가 전망과 함께 국내에서도 이주여성을 위한 정책적, 복지적 차원에서 다양하게 노력이 진행되고 있다. 하지만 사회적 노력에도 불구하고 이주여성에 대한 전반적 차별은 여전히 개선이 필요한 문제이다. 더욱이 이주여성은 문화적응 과정에서 다양한 어려움을 겪으며, 문화적응 스트레스 상황에 마주하게 된다. 반면 도시공원은 정신건강 회복으로 큰 관심을 끌고 있다. 도시공원은 스트레스 해소 기능과 더불어 건강한 삶 제공, 삶의 질 개선에 결정적인 역할을 하고 있다. 하지만 이주여성의 정신건강 및 문화적응 스트레스 해소를 위한 공원녹지이용에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 1)이주여성의 문화적응 스트레스와 공원이용행태에 대한 인식을 분석하고 2)문화적응 스트레스와 공원이용행태 간의 관계를 분석 3)문화적응 스트레스 해소와 이주여성의 적극적 공원이용을 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법은 1)문헌고찰을 통해 이주여성의 문화적응 스트레스와 공원이용행태에 대한 이론고찰을 진행 2)이주민 커뮤니티의 도움으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하여 자료를 수집하였다. 3)수집된 자료는 통계분석프로그램 SPSS26를 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 1)문화적응 스트레스는 향수병, 문화충격, 지각된 적대감, 지각된 차별감, 죄책감, 두려움 순으로 높게 나타났다. 공원이용행태는 방문빈도는 한 달에 1-2번, 머무르는 시간은 30분-1시간, 접근성은 10분 미만이 가장 높게 나타났다. 하지만 접근성에서 다음으로 높은 응답이 40분 이상으로 공원접근성이 좋다고 판단할 수 없었다. 2)인구통계학적 특성과 공원이용행태를 교차분석 결과 혼인상태, 결혼기간에 따라 공원이용행태에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 3)상관분석결과 문화적응 스트레스가 높을수록 타인의 시선과 프로그램 참여에 두려움을 느낀다고 나타났다. 본 연구는 공원녹지 커뮤니티 활성화를 통해 공원형평성 및 이주여성의 공원이용을 도모를 시사하며, 이를 통한 문화적응 스트레스 감소 및 역량강화 등의 긍정적 측면을 강조하였다.

This study investigated the effects of job stress, job attitude, and social support on the relationship between client violence and social worker job response. The multi-mediating effect of job stress, job attitude, and social support between client violence and social worker job response was empirically analyzed. 257 social workers in social welfare facilities were analyzed using SPSS. The following conclusions were drawn. First, there was a significant correlation between client violence, job stress, job attitude, social support, and job response variables. Client violence was affecting variables related to social worker job response. Second, job stress, job attitude, and social support had multiple mediating effects. The parallel mediation effect and the serial mediation effect were verified. Third, job attitude was found to be a variable of multiple mediating effects. Fourth, job stress and social support were found to be double mediating effect variables. In response, programs and manuals suitable for the type of social welfare facilities and the policy basis for preparing countermeasures for social workers were limited, and follow-up studies on various variables were suggested.

Diabetic encephalopathy is a major complication with cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). DM-induced glucolipotoxicity is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease–like phenotype, including amyloidogenesis, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuronal apoptosis. Although the detailed mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy remains unclear, mitochondrial oxidative stress is emerging as a key factor for diabetic complications and neurodegeneration. A deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanism of mitochondrial oxidative stress under hyperglycemic conditions will provide insights into the development of therapeutic strategies for diabetic encephalopathy. Here, we review the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in diabetic encephalopathy and the regulatory mechanisms by which high glucose induces the generation of mitochondrial reactive species oxygen species in neuronal cells. This review also summarizes the mitochondrial-dependent and -independent pathways (O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation, calcium, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β signaling) that regulate mitochondrial oxidative stress in a DM model.

본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 진로 스트레스, 마음 챙김이 진 로 탐색행동에 미치는 영향 및 진로 스트레스가 마음 챙김에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데 있었다. 이를 위해 설정한 연구가 설은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 진로 스트레스가 진로 탐색행동에 영 향을 미칠 것이다. 둘째, 진로 스트레스가 마음 챙김에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 셋째, 마음 챙김이 진로 탐색행동에 영향을 미칠 것이다. 본 연구를 위해 랴오닝성 심양시(遼寧省瀋陽市)에 위치한 대 학의 남녀 학생 270명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 이 연구를 진행하기 위하여 2022년 7월부터 2022년 8월까지 1개월 동안 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 도구는 진로 스트레스 척도, 마음 챙김 척도, 진로 탐색행동 척도를 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 통계프로그램인 SPSS 21.0을 사용하여 빈도분 석, 신뢰도 분석, 요인분석, 상관 분석 및 단순 회귀분석, 다중 회귀분석 등을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 진로 스트레스가 진로 탐색행동에 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진로 스트레스가 마음 챙김에 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 마음 챙김이 진로 탐색행동에 정(+)적인 영 향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 대학생의 진로 탐색행동에 중요하며, 진로 스트레스와 마음 챙김 및 진로 탐색행동을 증진하는 것이 필요함을 시사한다. 끝으로 본 연구 결과에 대하여 논의하였다.

Salinity is a major abiotic stress for crop plants that cause reduced food production. The application of plant growth-promoting microorganisms can improve the adaptability of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Therefore, in the current study, we aimed to enhance the mitigation effects of artificially applied rhizobacterium Klebsiella variicola AY13 on salinity stress in Trifolium repens L. The results suggested that AY13 innately produced indole-3-acetic acid and accelerated the morphological adaptation of T. repens to salt stress conditions. Furthermore, AY13 promotes a Trp-dependent pathway for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, as adding L-tryptophan (L-Trp) increased IAA production in pure culture. AY13 improved plant growth by maintaining relative water content and minimizing water loss in excised leaves. Moreover, AY13 inoculation significantly reduced the endogenous levels of abscisic acid and antioxidants such as glutathione and catalase. These results suggest that AY13 plays a crucial role in reprogramming stress-related metabolism and enhancing plant stress tolerance.

살리실산은 식물의 생장 및 발달, 항산화 방어기작, 광합성 작용 그리고 생물적 및 비생물적 스트레스 조건에서 다양한 생리적 기능을 조절하는 물질로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 고온･건조 스트레스 조건에서 살리실산 경엽처리가 고추의 생육, 광합성 특성 및 항산화효소 활성에 미치는 영향을 구명 하고자 하였다. 광합성 특성 측정결과 광합성 속도, 기공전도 도 및 증산 속도가 증가하였고, 3회차 처리에서 가장 높았다. 세포내 MDA와 H2O2 함량은 살리실산 3회차 처리에서 현저 하게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. APX, CAT, POD 및 SOD 활 성이 현저하게 증가하였으며, 무처리 대비 최대 247, 318, 55 및 54% 증가하였다. 고추의 생육 특성은 무처리구와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 상품 수량은 15% 정도 증가하였다. 이러한 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 살리실산의 경엽처리는 고추 의 광합성 특성과 항산화효소 활성을 증진시켜 고온･건조 스트 레스에 의한 피해 경감에 긍정적 효과를 유발함을 확인하였다

With the increase of temporarily-stored radioactive waste in Korea, the disposal of radioactive waste in a deep geological repository, which is located in crystalline rock at a depth of hundreds of meters below the ground level, has received great attention nowadays. To ensure the permanent isolation of radionuclides from the human and surrounding ecosystems, the safety assessment for the high-level radioactive waste disposal facilities is essential. For the reliable safety assessment of fractured rock, it is especially important to input proper hydraulic properties of fractures such as aperture and hydraulic conductivity, which can directly affect the fluid flow and radionuclide transport. Meanwhile, it has become important to consider sudden fault behavior caused by an earthquake with the recent occurrence of high-intensity earthquakes in the Korean Peninsula. The sudden fault behavior can induce the changes of the hydraulic properties of fractures. Since the changes of the hydraulic properties directly affects to the radionuclide transport in the fractured rock, it is important to estimate the effect of earthquake-induced stress change on hydraulic properties of fractures in the perspective of long-term safety assessment. In this study, the effect of an earthquake on the hydraulic properties of fractures was explored by a numerical approach. The static Coulomb stress change after the earthquake was calculated using software ‘Coulomb 3’ developed by United States Geological Survey (USGS) with the assumption for several mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and effective coefficient of friction. The final stress after earthquake occurrence was calculated as the sum of the initial stress and the stress change. Thereafter, the normalized transmissivity of fracture after the earthquake was calculated using the final stress from the stress-transmissivity relationship. Using the methodology for calculating fracture transmissivity change induced by the earthquake developed in this study, the effect of several factors, such as the earthquake magnitude and the distance between fracture and epicenter, was additionally explored. The newly developed methodology will be applied to the processbased total system performance assessment framework (APro) being developed by KAERI, and this study is expected to be helpful for the safety assessment considering long-term evolution phenomena including earthquakes.

Drought stress is a condition that occurs frequently in the field, it reduces of the agricultural yield of field crops. The aim of the study was to screen drought-adapted genotype of Italian rye grass. The experiments were conducted between the two Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) cultivars viz. Hwasan (H) and Kowinearly (KE). The plants were exposed to drought for 14 days. The results suggest that the morphological traits and biomass yield of KE significantly affected by drought stress-induced oxidative stress as the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level was induced, while these parameters were unchanged or less affected in H. Furthermore, the cultivar H showed better adaptation by maintaining several physiological parameter including photosystem-II (Fv/Fm), water use efficiency (WUE) and relative water content (RWC%) level in response to drought stress. These results indicate that the cultivar H shows improved drought tolerance by generic variation, improving photosynthetic efficiency and reducing oxidative stress damages under drought stress. These findings can be useful to the breeder and farmer for improving drought tolerance in Italian rye grass through breeding programs.

This study evaluated the effect of a combination of acetaminophen (AAP), vitamin C (VC) and thioctic acid (TA) on reducing serum cortisol concentrations in mice with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination. For 5 days from 3 days before FMD vaccination to 2 days after vaccination, mice were orally administered with AAP 600 mg/kg feed (n=25, AAPT), combination of AAP 600 mg and VC 200 mg per kg feed (n=25, AVCT) and combination of AAP 600 mg, VC 200 mg and TA 20 mg per kg feed (n=25, AVTT), respectively. From day 1 to day 7 after FMD vaccination, the cortisol concentration of all groups treated with the drug was significantly decreased compared to that of the positive control group with FMD vaccination (p<0.05). In conclusion, the combined treatment of AAP, VC and TA was the most effective in relieving stress from FMD vaccination compared to the single treatment.

Aluminum (Al) is one of the major factors adversely affects crop growth and productivity in acidic soils. In this study, the effect of Al on plants in soil was investigated by comparing the protein expression profiles of alfalfa roots exposed to Al stress treatment. Two-week-old alfalfa seedlings were exposed to Al stress treatment at pH 4.0. Total protein was extracted from alfalfa root tissue and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 45 proteins differentially expressed in Al stress-treated alfalfa root tissues were identified, of which 28 were up-regulated and 17 were down-regulated. Of the differentially expressed proteins, 7 representative proteins were further confirmed for transcript accumulation by RT-PCR analysis. The identified proteins were involved in several functional categories including disease/defense (24%), energy (22%), protein destination (9%), metabolism (7%), transcription (5%), secondary metabolism (4%), and ambiguous classification (29%). The identification of key candidate genes induced by Al in alfalfa roots will be useful to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of Al stress tolerance in alfalfa plants.