A survey was made, from May to June 1991, to reveal the current situation of the meal management of the homemakers in Jeonbuk area. The results obtained from 464 homemakers were summerized as follows. The meal expenses were planned and managed mostly by the homemakers (93.3%). The 31.1% homemakers expended 200,000-300,000 Won a month for meals and the average expenditure was 294,106 Won. Among the homemakers who responded, the 34.0% managed their account books for meal expenses. With decreasing age(p<0.05), increasing education level (p<0.001), and increasing the income(p<0.01), the number of those who managed the account book tended to be higher. Usually they bought their foods at the market place (52.1%) and they did every other days(33.2%). The 46.9% planned what to buy and chose the best ones among the foods they planned to buy at the market. The percentage of those who prepared their menus planned in advance was only 5.5%. The most homemakers cooked for themselves (96.8%). On cooking and buying foods, the 48.2% considered their husbands first and the 64.4% regarded the tastes and needs of their families as the most important thing. The majority (66.2%) regarded the dinner as the most important among those three times of meals. The 39.6% prepared Kimchi twice a month. The foods they prepared for each meal were usually 4-5 kinds (43.2%). Mostly they prepared meals three times a day (49.1%). The average times spent in preparing and cleaning the tables for lunch and breakfast were 41.6, 96.2 minutes respectively. The homemakers who had jobs tended to spend less time in preparing and clearing the tables than those who had not (p<0.01, p<0.001). The 58.0% had complaints in that the food prices were too high and their moneys for meal preparation were insufficient and the 16.6% had difficulty in satisfying the tastes of their families.

Japan’s government has announced plan to release the contaminated water stored from the tanks of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant site into the sea in June. The contaminated water is treated by SARRY (Cesium removal facility) and ALPS (advanced liquid processing system) to remove 62 radionuclide containing Cesium, Strontium, Iodine, and so on using filtration, precipitation (or coprecipitation) and adsorption for other nuclides (except for H-3 and C-14). The total amount of the contaminated water stored at tanks is 1,328,508 m3 (as of March 23, 2023). Currently, three ALPS systems which are existing ALPS, improved ALPS, high performance ALPS have been operated to meet the regulatory standard for release to the sea. According to the release plan, they have announced that 30 nuclides and H-3 concentration of the contaminated water will be measured and assessed before/after the discharge of the contaminated water into the sea. Before the release, the contaminated water is re-treated by reverse osmosis membrane facility and additional ALPS. And then, the water will be diluted with seawater more than 100 times. The diluted water will then move through an undersea tunnel and be released about 1 kilometer off the coast.

Recently, Japan’s government has announced Tokyo Electric Power Company’s plan to discharge contaminated water stored from the tanks of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant site into the sea. The contaminated water is treated by advanced liquid processing system (ALPS) to remove 62 radionuclide containing cesium, strontium, iodine and etc. using co-precipitation (or precipitation) and adsorption for other nuclides (except for tritium and carbon-14). The total amount of the contaminated water generated by ALPS facility is 1,311,736 m3 (as of August 18, 2022). The amount of contaminated water is estimated same as Tokyo dome volume. Under the sea discharge plan, the contaminated water will be diluted in seawater more than 100 times, and tritium concentration lowered 1/7 of the drinking water standard set by the World Health Organization (10,000 Bq/liters). The diluted water will then move through an undersea tunnel and be discharged about 1 kilometer off the coast.

According to the article 18 of NSSC notice “Regulations on the delivery of low-and intermediatelevel radioactive wastes”, the consignor shall establish and implement the quality assurance program about waste management to ensure conformity with the criteria set forth in the regulations and detailed criteria proposed by the disposal facility operator, including matters related to characterization of the waste concerned. To meet the above requirement, commercially available laboratory information management system, STARLIMS from Abbott Informatics was introduced in the late of 2019 and was customized to our standardized test method in 2020. In that time, Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN), which is an electronic system to create, store, retrieve, and share fully electronic records, was tailored to replace paper lab notebook. Scientific Data Management System (SDMS), which is computer system used to capture, centrally store, catalog, and manage data, was installed. Due to the parsing ability of SDMS, human error like mistake while data entry was reduced by extracting data from measurement sheet and exporting measurement data to designated area of ELN and this feature made work efficiency improved. Afterward, validation of STARLIMS was conducted following the procedure of user acceptance testing including Operational Qualification and Performance Qualification. As a result of these activities, STARLIMS has been officially operated and applied to means to manage test results since 2021. In 2021, for user-friendly environment, updating STARLIMS was also conducted by applying SDMS to import data from other radiometric measurements including gas proportional counter (GPC), liquid scintillation counter (LSC), and low-energy Ge detector (LEGe) besides HPGe detector for gamma measurement. From implementation to operation, it is confirmed that STARLIMS has been providing reliable and stable platforms to manage laboratory information regarding measurement records and playing a significant role in tool to meet the quality assurance required.

Today, as interest in the importance of urban parks increases, many citied internationally are actively creating small parks, but their maintenance systems remain ineffective. Accordingly, in this study, the limitations and problems in the operation and management of urban parks were derived by examining previous studies on overall urban park maintenance and management. Based on this, the study tried to understand the actual state of maintenance and management of small parks through data surveys and field surveys related to budget execution on case sites. Then, we sought to clarify the actual state of maintenance and management of small parks through data surveys and field surveys regarding the budget execution of case sites as a basis for research to prepare an efficient and systematic improvement plan for the maintenance management system of city parks.

The article summarises the status and competence of UJV Rez, a. s. (up to 2012, the Nuclear Research Institute Rez, Czech Republic) in the field of radioactive waste (RAW) management as a company managing of 95% of institutional radioactive wastes in Czech Republic. UJV Rez a. s. has been one of the Czech Republic’s key research and engineering institutions in the field of nuclear energy production since 1955. The company processes and conditions prior to storage 95% of so-called institutional RAW and is the principal partner of the state with respect to the research support of the Czech deep geological repository development project. UJV Rez a. s. boasts its own accredited radiochemical analytical test laboratory, unique of its kind in the Czech Republic. Of equal importance is UJV Rez’s active participation in a range of international organisations and associations and its involvement in wide range of international projects, and so as European projects. One of them is EU funded project PREDIS: Pre-disposal management of radioactive wastes, that has started at September 2020, focused on the field of low level radioactive waste (LLW) and intermediate level radioactive waste (ILW) pre-disposal.

This study was conducted to suggest a management plan for legally protected trees in Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do by examining their distribution and growth. A literature review and field survey of these trees were conducted to derive problems and usage plans, with a number of key results. Among the legally protected trees (77 species in total) in 74 locations within Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do, the growth status of 74 species (96.10%) was above average, indicating that most legally protected trees were growing without any issues. Despite the results, analysis of the function of these legally protected trees indicated that there was low diversity and utilization of these trees as only trees in 33.77% were used as resting places or pavilions while those in 66.23% were used for landscaping or other purposes. It was assumed that these legally protected trees and the areas surrounding them in Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do will be used as community spaces if the environment is improved. This includes converting these areas into small parks or resting places for residents. In addition, further research should be carried out to maintain good growth conditions for these legally protected trees in general and to explore various plans that allow utilization of the surrounding natural ecosystem, human environment, and cultural elements in order to enhance the quality of the region and improve it as a living space for residents.

Background : This study was conducted to investigate the production competitiveness of medicinal crop. The results of this study were intended to be used as basic data for establishing the direction of R&D needed for domestic medicinal crop farming system. Methods and Results : For data analysis, frequency, percentage and average and Chi square (× 2) value were used. The survey showed that the cultivated crops of the respondents were medicinal crop. Firstly, there was a significant difference in farming disability by farming career. The 'cultivation method (60%, 42.1%)' was high in farming preparer and beginner (≤ 3 years), but the disability in 'cultivation method' decreased as the farming career was longer. Respondents who had more than 10 years of farming career complained of 'climate problem (24.0%)' followed by 'cultivation method (20.0%)' and 'pest control (20.0%)'. There was also a significant difference in the farming disability by medicinal crops farming career. The 'cultivation method (50.0%)' was the highest of the farmers who had 1 year of medicinal crops farming career, however the respondents with more than 4-ears of career complained of 'climate problems (27.3%)' and 'pest control (23.6%)', but 'cultivation method' was low as 18.2%. Secondly, there was a difference in sales disability by farming career, and cross-sectional analysis was statistically significant at × 2 = 41.320. The respondents who were preparer for farming had the biggest sales disability at 'shortage of market (44.4%)', and the rates decreased gradually as the farming career increased. Respondents more than 10-ears had the biggest sales disability as ‘uncertain market price (50.0%)’, and 'shortage of market' was low as 12.5%. Cross-sectional analysis of sales disability by medicinal crops farming career showed that × 2 was 49.705, which was statistically significant. Farmers with no career in cultivating medicinal crops had the biggest sales disability at 'shortage of market (40.0%)' and farmers with more than 4 years of career complained of 'uncertain market price (42.2%)'. Lastly, there was a statistically significant difference in cultivation performance by medicinal crops farming career. The respondents with a career of less than 1 year had the highest proportion at 'medium (48.5%)', but those with more than 4-ears of career had the highest rate of 'creation of profit (43.1%)'. Conclusion : As farming career and medicinal crops farming career increased, environmental factors such as climate and pest problems affected in cultivation stage significantly, further uncertain market price gave a large factor in sales stage.

The number of structures that make up the domestic social infrastructure has increased with the development of the national industry, and the social demand for safety due to the aging of structures has also increased. Accordingly, the law stipulating safety and maintenance management for major structures in the country has been revised and it has been implemented since this year. In this study, we will introduce changes to the safety and maintenance system for public structures under the law, analyze the results of inspection and diagnosis of public structures, and consider the status of safety and maintenance.

Inappropriate recycling/disposal processes that are caused by the illegal transboundary movement of electronic wastes (e-wastes) can have harmful effects on the environment and public health because of these wastes’ harmful components. Therefore, we must understand the current situation regarding the domestic management of exported/imported e-wastes and examine the international requirements according to the Basel Convention. In this study, the current management situation of e-wastes in domestic and foreign countries and the present recycling processes of companies in Korea are investigated to draw improvements when e-wastes are exported or imported. Most imported e-waste involves waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) and their scraps (more than 95.7 % of the total e-waste volume in 2015) to recover precious metals such as copper, silver, gold, etc. To distinguish between waste and non-waste under the Basel Convention, six items (① market for used electronic and electrical equipment (UEEE), ② residual life and appearance, ③ functional tests, ④ evidence of UEEE deals, ⑤ evidence of contracts to a trade partner, and ⑥ packaging and loading conditions) and a decision flowchart are considered to classify whether the end-of-life equipment is waste.