Recently, the importance of air filters used in air purifiers and ventilation systems is emphasized in Korea. As a result, air filter test reports are required by users to ensure the removal efficiency of particulate matter. However, the tests are conducted for the filter material alone, which lead to a possible discrepancy between the test report and actual efficiency when applied to actual devices. Therefore, in this study, the removal efficiency data of the filter test reports were compared with actual filter efficiency data after application to the ventilation systems for some ventilation systems in the market. For ventilation system A, the field test results using filter leakage test method were slightly lower than those in the test report but nearly the same. For ventilation system B, the field test result was much higher than reported in the test report. This was due to the broad range of particle sizes measured using the filter leakage test method. The field tests using the particle counter method showed that the removal efficiency of ventilation system A for 0.3 μm was under 50% which translates to less than half of those of the filter test reports. For ventilation system B, the removal efficiency was 15%~21%. much lower than reported in the filter test reports. The lower removal efficiencys are mainly assumed to be caused by leakage of the filter installation among other factors. Therefore, the field test methods for the particulate matter removal efficiency of ventilation systems should be established to verify actual efficiency and improve the efficiency in the future.

This study was conducted to examine the oocyte recovery efficiency through having an OPU session once and twice a week. Also, the oocyte recovery efficiency was examined by using OPU after two and three months of rest period. Six cows were used for oocytes collection and were randomly divided into two groups. In experiment 1, OPU sessions were conducted once and twice a week to collect oocytes. The collected oocytes between once and twice OPU groups were classified into four groups (grade 1, 2, 3 and 4) according to the quality of cumulus cells and ooplasm. Based on the result, the percentage of collected oocytes per aspirated follicle number was similar between once and twice OPU session groups (65.5 ± 1.9 and 68.7 ± 1.4 vs.). However, the percentage of grade 1 oocytes from the twice OPU session group was significantly high compared with that of the once a week OPU session group (25.3 ± 0.9 and 32.5 ± 1.2% vs. once and twice session group, respectively, p < 0.05). In experiment 2, the group with three months of rest period tended to have a high percentage of collected oocyte compared with the group with two months of rest period (64.6 and 70.9% vs. 2 and 3 months rest group, respectively, p = 0.62). The percentage of grade 4 in the group with three months of rest period was significantly low compared with the group with two months of rest period group (27.3 and 36.5% vs. two and three months rest group, respectively, p = 0.05). In conclusion, twice a week OPU session is suitable for collection of high quality oocytes by using OPU, and three months of rest period is needed for the recovery of oocyte quality of a donor cow.

빈영양해수에서 배양하여 황백화를 유도한 김 엽체는 NO3 - (300 μM)와 PO4 3- (30 μM)를 공급하여 시간의 경과에 따른 회복 정도를 분석하였다. NO3 - 공급 조건에서는 배양 2일 후부터 김 엽체의 회복이 나타났으며, PO4 3- 공급 조건에서는 배양 5일 후부터 김 엽체의 회복이 관찰되었다. 색차계의 수치화 된 값들은 황백화 김 엽체의 회복을 판단하는데 유용하였다. 황백화 김은 무기영양분의 공급으로 비대한 액포가 축소되고, 색택이 회복되는 것으로 나타났다.

Heart rate is a relatively simple and non-invasive method that is used as an important physiological indicator in many studies and has a close relationship with heart structure and function, cardiovascular disease and sudden cardiac death. In general, appropriately low heart rate during resting means effective heart function and cardiovascular fitness; heart rate at recovery is an important indicator of health and disease condition. We found a beagle dog (Dog_1) with a high heart rate in the previous preliminary experiment. Therefore, purpose of this study was to compare the heart rate response of the Dog_1 with the control group during 12 weeks of interval exercise, to evaluate the structural and functional abnormalities of the heart and to verify the applicability of exercise program. Heart rate was checked during 12 weeks of interval exercise, and after the exercise was over, imaging examination and hematological and serum biochemistry were performed. As a result, Dog_1 (165.6 ± 1.5) showed significantly higher heart rate in low intensity session of interval exercise than control group (133.3 ± 0.5, p < 0.01). In addition, Dog_1 (181.2 ± 1.4) showed significantly higher heart rate than control group (155.1 ± 0.9) in high intensity session (p < 0.01). The heart rate (30 sec, 60 sec) during recovery state was higher in Dog_1 (30 sec: 156.8 ± 4.0, 60 sec: 166.8 ± 5.8) than in the control group (30 sec: 111.2 ± 2.5, 60 sec: 104.0 ± 5.1, p < 0.01). The results of the imaging examination of Dog_1 with high heart rate confirmed that the heart had no functional and structural abnormalities. All beagles with the interval exercise program did not show maladjustment, and in the hematological and serum biochemistry results, all the parameter were within the reference range. If the interval exercise program of this study is used in the future, it is expected to be used as an important basic data to achieve the purpose of health, welfare, and physical fitness improvement of dogs.

Phosphorus is a vital resource for sustaining agriculture and nutrition, but a limited non-renewable resource. Thus, the recovery of phosphorus from waste activated sludge(WAS) was attempted by microwave heating and magnesium ammonium phosphorus(MAP) crystallization. Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms(PAOs) in WAS release phosphate from the cell when they are exposed to high temperature environments. Microwave heating caused phosphorus and ammonia to release from WAS. The amount was increased with increasing temperature, showing that 88.5% of polyphosphate present in the cells were released in the form of phosphate at 80oC. A similar result was also observed in the release of ammonia. On the other hand, both phosphorus and ammonia were crystallized with magnesium, and then was harvested as MAP. Phosphorus recovery rate reached almost 97.8%, but the ammonia was about 13.4%. These results cleary indicate that phosphorus could be recovered from WAS using a physiological trait of PAOs. Heavy metal analyses also show that the MAP crystal is useful and safe as a phosphorus fertilizer.

Epoxy resin, which demonstrates a shape memory effect, is reinforced by chopped carbon fibers (CCFs) to improve the thermal and mechanical properties. The interfacial interactions between 2-mm-long CCFs and epoxy make an impact on not only molecular motion but also the physical behaviors of CCFs/epoxy composites. In particular, shape recovery ability of CCFs/epoxy composites is enhanced with an increase in thermal conductivity generated by crossing CCFs in the epoxy system, although CCFs/epoxy composites containing small amounts of CCFs, such as 1 or 3 phr (parts per hundred rubber), show slower recovery rates than those of raw epoxy specimens due to the difficulty of making heat bridges in composites. With these results, it is confirmed that for specific time-dependent purpose, the shape recovery vector of CCFs/epoxy can be controlled using the amount of CCFs.

북한에 잔류한 주민, 북한이탈주민 모두 우리 법의 적용을 받는 수범 자로서 우리 헌법상 재산권의 주체이다. 현실적인 분단의 상황을 고려하 지 않을 수 없지만 북한 주민에 대하여 상속권을 인정하고 그 권리를 실 현할 수 있도록 하는 것이 우리 법의 기본적 방침이 되어야 함은 분명하다. 북한주민의 상속문제는 남북 간의 잠정적 특수관계를 인정하면서도 인도주의를 견지해야 하고, 남북체제를 서로 존중하는 기초 위에 남북주민을 평등하게 대우함을 원칙으로 하여야 할 것이다. 또한 북한주민에 대한 우리 입법의 태도는 사회통합과 갈등의 극복이라는 당면한 문제를 고려한 것이어야 한다. 남북 주민 사이의 가족관계와 상속 등에 관한 특례법 제11조에서의 상속회복청구권의 행사기간 문제에 있어서도 이러한 가치들이 반영되어야 한다. 남한 상속인의 기대이익이나 거래안전도 중요하겠으나 그보다 앞서 진정한 권리자인 북한주민의 상속회복의 필요성이 우선적으로 감안되어야 한다. 권리를 실현할 수 있는 현실적 가능성이 없는 분단의 상황에서 권리의 불행사만을 이유로 분명한 근거 없이 북한주민의 상속회복청 구를 금지해서는 안 된다. 이미 남북 주민 사이의 가족관계와 상속 등에 관한 특례법 제11조는 남한 상속인들의 이해 또는 거래안전을 보호하기 위해 가액반환청구의 방법이나 기여분의 고려 등을 특별히 규정하고 있 다. 이에 더 나아가서 상속권을 침해한 자에게 적극적 권리까지 부여할 이유는 크지 않아 보인다. 대법원 전원합의체판결의 다수의견보다는 반대의견의 타당성이 높아 보이는 이유이다. 다만 이에 대해서는 여러 문헌이 주장하는 것처럼 입법을 통한 조정이 시급할 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the resource recovery effect and the economic effect of the fishermen by the fisheries vessel buy-back program. First, this study standardizes the fishing efforts of coastal gill net, coastal trap, and coastal composite fisheries using Gavaris general linear model. Second, the resource evaluation is performed by using vessel buy-back program data, and also the CYP model based on exponential growth function is applied. In order to derive the effect of the vessel buy-back program, the MSY with the vessel buy-back program is compared with the MSY without the vessel buy-back program. Finally, we compare and analyze producer surplus under the equilibrium of the MEY and the OA using bioeconomic model. In conclusion, the vessel buy-back program has shown an increase in resource growth and economic improvement for the remaining fishermen. The result shows that the remaining fishermen are able to obtain an increase in producer surplus of about 53% due to the vessel buy-back program under equilibrium levels of the open access and the maximum economic yield.

본 연구의 목적은 무등산국립공원 식생복원사업후 경과년수에 따라 식생변화상태, 인위적 복원조치에 대한 효과 등 식생회복정도를 평가하는데 있다. 1996년에 시행한 중봉 군부대 이전 복원공사지역과 1999년에 누에봉 방송통신시설 철거 복원공사지역에 식물상, 상대우점치, 종다양도, 유사도 등을 분석하기 위해 모니터링 시험구 11개소, 복원공사 지역 인근 자연림에 대조구 10개소 등 총 21개소의 조사구를 설치하여 복원공사지역과 주변 자연림간 식생회복 정도를 평가하였다. 복원 후 17년이 경과한 중봉 군부대 이전 복원공사지역은 종구성의 유사도지수 평균치가 3.5%로 낮았으나 관목층의 수고는 112%의 수준으로 회복되었다. 복원 후 14년이 경과한 누에봉 방송통신시설 철거 복원공사지역의 유사도지수 평균치는 5.05%이었고 산철쭉과 털진달래가 출현하는 관목층의 수고는 82.6% 수준으로 회복되었다. 무등산국립공원과 다른 국립공원지역의 아고산대 복원평가방법과 복원공사기술개발을 위하여 복원공사지역의 지속적인 모니터링이 필요하다.

부산의 해운대 해수욕장은 양빈에도 불구하고 지속적인 침식이 일어나고 있으며, 지구온난화로 인한 파랑 에너지 증가와 간헐적인 태풍이 그 원인으로 알려져 있다. 2016년 10월 태풍 차바는 부산을 내습하였는데, 태풍이 해빈침식에 있어 어느 정도 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 태풍 전과 후 VRS-GPS 시스템을 사용해 해빈 측량과 표층 시료를 채취하여 입도분석을 실시하였으며, 침식 후 복원이 어느 정도 되는지 주기적으로 해운대 해빈 지형을 측량하였다. 조사결과, 태풍 내습 직후 해운대 해빈은 평균 약 1.4m 침식되어 낮아졌고, 평균 고조위선은 약 12 m 후퇴했으며, 이에 따라 해빈 경사는 3.8o에서 1.7o로 완만해졌다. 퇴적물 평균입도는 평균 1.6Φ에서 2개월 후 1.2Φ로 조립해졌으며, 분급은 상대적으로 좋아졌다. 태풍 내습 2개월 만에 평균 고조위선은 약 85% 정도 회복되고 해빈 단면은 대부분 복원 되었다. 이러한 결과는 해운대 해빈 침식에 있어 태풍의 영향은 크지 않으며, 다른 해빈과 비교할 때 회복기간이 매우 짧다는 것을 시사한다.