서울과 대구 및 울산, 구미, 여수 산업단지 내 지하수의 휘발성 유기화합물(VOCs) 오염 특성을 살펴보았다. 모든 지역에서 염소계 유기용매와 트리할로메탄이 가장 빈번하게 검출되는 휘발성 유기화합물이였다. MTBE는 도시 지역에서만 빈번하게 검출되었으며, 사염화탄소와 클로로포름은 산업단지에서 빈번하게 높은 농도로 검출되었다. 서울 지하수를 대상으로 휘발성 유기화합물로 인한 지하수 오염 실태를 좀 더 정밀하게 조사하였다. 그 결과, 염소계 유기용매 및 염소계 유기용매의 탈염소화 과정에서 생성되는 중간물질로 인한 오염이 심각한 것을 알 수 있었다. 검출빈도, 농도규모, 상관관계 분석을 통해 cis-1,2-DCE는 TCE의 분해 과정에서 생성되었으며, 1,1-DCE는 1,1,1-TCA의 분해 과정에서 생성된 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 일부 VOCs는 자주 함께 검출되었으며, 기준치를 초과하는 VOCs의 농도도 일부 시료에서만 관찰되었는데, 이는 여러 가지 VOCs를 다량으로 사용하는 특정 오염원이 지하수 오염을 야기하였다는 것을 의미한다. 이들 오염원의 영향을 확인하기 위해 지하수 시료를 채수 지점의 토지 이용 특성과 채수 지점 주변의 토지 이용 특성을 기준으로 각각 구분하여 통계분석을 실시하였다. 통계 분석 결과, 운수업체, 스포츠센터와 같은 시설이 지하수 수질 오염과 밀접하게 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. MTBE의 검출 빈도는 자동차 이용과 상관관계가 높았고, 톨루엔과 클로로포름의 경우, 제조활동 및 하수처리시설과 상관관계가 높았다. PCE의 경우, 지정폐기물의 배출량과 상관관계가 높았다. 지하수 내 VOCs의 농도는 시간에 따라 변화하는 양상도 보였는데, 우기 시 발생하는 희석효과, 오염원의 유입과 자연적인 분해 과정이 복합적으로 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다.

This study was carried to investigate the effect of illite addition on the growth, bioactive components andvolatile compounds of leaf on Saururus chinensis Baill cultivation in greenhouse. Illite addition on Saururus chinensis Baillcultivation resulted no significant effects on the aerial part. However, the root part was highest in 5% illite addition group.Crude oil and ash amount increased as illite additives was increased. Ca of inorganics and free sugars contents were highestin 5% and 20% illite addition, respectively. Hyperoside and isoquercetin of available component on leaf were highest in 5%illite addition group, 4.02㎎/g and 4.31㎎/g, respectively. The volatile compounds in Saururus chinensis Baill leaf culturedwith illite addition amounts were isolated by solid-phase microextraction fiber (polydimethysiloxane 65㎛) and identifed bygas chromatogtaphy mass spectrometry. As the results, the 22 volatile compounds were identified from in Saururus chinen-sis Baill leaf and major volatile compounds were the α-cadinol (18.50%), myristicin (16.46%), methyl-9-methyl-tetrade-canoate (10.22%), and γ-muurolene (9.75%). Especially, the content of α-cadinol was highest in 5% illite addition group andγ-muurolene on overall illite addition group was lower than no addition group.

본 연구에서는 각 추출방법에 따른 섬백리향(Thymus magnus Nakai)의 향기 성분들을 분석하여, 이를 토대로 본연의 향에 아주 가까우면서 맡기에 좋은 향으로 재현하고자 초임계유체추출법, 혼합 증류법, 동시증류추출법으로 정유를 추출한 후 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)로 휘발성 향기성분을 분석하였다. 그 결과 먼저 초임계유체추출법의 40 ℃ - 400 bar 조건에서 추출한 정유 성분 중 linalool (0.1%), trans-sabinene hydrate (0.9%)가 다른 조건에서 추출한 정유성분과 비교하였을 때 상대적으로 더 많이 함유되어 있었으며, 50 ℃ - 400 bar 조건에서는 borneol (3.82%), terpinen-4-ol (0.3%), caryophyllene oxide (2.2%), 50 ℃ - 300 bar 조건에서는 β-bisabolene (5.88%), 1-octen-3 -ol (0.31%), caryophyllene (2.91%), p-cym-ene (2.04%), γ-terpinene (0.52%), 50 ℃ - 200 bar 조건에서는 thymol (77.63%), carvacrol (5.65%)이 상대적으로 더 많이 함유되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 혼합 증류법으로 추출한 정유 성분 중에는 α-bisabolol (0.17%), caryophyllene (6.46%), cis-α-bisabolene (1.52%), β-bisabolene (20.65%)이 초임계유체추출법으로 추출한 정유 성분 보다 상대적으로 더 많이 함유되어 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 동시 증류추출법을 통해서는 정유를 얻지 못하였다. 이 같은 연구 결과는 각각의 추출법을 통해서 확인된 향기 성분들을 모두 취합하여 섬백리향 본연의 향에 좀 더 가깝도록 세밀하게 재현하는데 있어 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

Volatile organic silicon compounds (namely as siloxanes) are impurities in biogas generated from landfill and biogas.They have been known to cause damages to gas combustion engines. However, factors affecting process design decisionshave been less studied. In this research, we experimentally determined the gas-liquid partition coefficients (Kp) of siloxanesby applied the equilibrium partition experiment in closed system. we also investigated the effects of liquid solutes onsiloxanes partitioning. Five different types of siloxanes and five different types of liquid solutes (distilled water, nutrientsolution, ferrous sulfate solution, and surfactant solutions) were selected for this study. Dimensionless gas-liquid partitioncoefficients of siloxanes were determined to be 8.808 for L2, 2.278 for L3, 1.455 for L4, 3.435 for D4, and 0.770 forD5. Partition coefficients varied by liquid solutes, Especially for surfactants as liquid solutes, mass transfer of siloxanesfrom gas to liquid was enhanced, showing the lowest coefficients of partitioning.

This study assessed the analysis method for measuring volatile organic silicon compounds (namely as siloxanes) by usinggas chromatography with flame ionization detector. Calibration standard gas was made in a laboratory by using six volatileorganic silicons as model gas. Two different types of working gas were prepared to evaluate quality control in GC-FIDanalysis. Less than 0.2 RSD% of repeatability of retention time was observed in the analysis of calibration standard gas. Inthe linearity test, the highest coefficient of determination (R2) was found to be 0.997 for L2 among volatile organic siliconcompounds. This study demonstrated that quantification of volatile organic silicon compounds can be performed by usingGC-FID analysis with direct injection mode, and the GC calibration can be covered by the gas-phase standard method.

In order to study the seasonal patterns and possible origins of air concentrations of volatile organic compounds(VOC), measurements were taken with GC-MS at 3 sampling sites in Jinju for 12 months from Mar. 2010 to Feb. 2011. Atmospheric VOC are sampled on tubes containing solid adsorbents(Tenax TA) with a time resolution of 2hrs. Composition and concentration of VOC are analysed with a GC system equipped with thermal desorption apparatus(ATD). The most abundant compound appeared to be Toluene, Ethylbenzene and m,p-Xylene. The mean concentrations of Benzene were 0.20 ppb at GN site, 0.18 ppb at DA site, and 0.25 ppb at SP site, respectively. VOC concentration showed a strong seasonal variation, with higher concentrations during the spring and lower concentrations during the summer. The results showed that monthly fluctuations in measured VOC concentrations depended on variations in the strength of sources, as well as on photochemical activity and meteorological conditions. In Jinju, the total VOC emissions for 2009 were estimated to be 4,407 ton/year by Clean Air Policy Support System(CAPSS). It is shown that solvent use 57.5%(2,534 ton/yr), waste treatment and disposal 23.3%(1,025 ton/yr), and mobil source-road traffic 12.2%(537 ton/yr) are the most significant anthropogenic source.

The fusel oils and the volatile flavor compounds of two potato sojues, one of which was produced with the traditional distillation apparatus(soju-gori) and the other, with the reduced pressure distillation system, were examined. The fusel oil content was high in the potato soju that was distilled under reduced pressure (potato soju(II)). The relative ratio of the isoamyl alcohol to the isobutyl alcohol and the n-propanol was 3.1:0.8:1.0 in the potato soju that was distilled with soju-gori (potato soju(I)), and 4.0:1.2:1.0 in potato soju(II). The chromatograms of the volatile components apparently differed between potato soju(I) and potato soju(II). Potato soju(I) contained four kinds of alcohol, six kinds of ester, n-valeraldehyde, and acetic acid. Potato soju(II) contained seven kinds of alcohol, 14 kinds of ester, two kinds of aldehyde, acetic acid, and three other compounds. Potato soju(II) significantly scored higher for flavor property than potato soju(I).

Indirect CO2 effect due to non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions from solvent and product use and fugitive NMVOC emissions from fuels in the Republic of Korea and 13 Annex I countries under United Nations Framework on Climate Change were estimated and the proportions of them to total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions ranged from 0.092% to 0.45% in 2006. Indirect greenhouse effect (CO2, CH4, and O3) were estimated at 13 photochemical assessment monitoring sites in the Republic of Korea using concentrations of 8 NMVOCs of which indirect global warming potential (GWP) were available. The contribution of toluene to mixing ratio was highest at 11 sites and however, the contribution of toluene to indirect greenhouse effect was highest at nine sites. In contrast to toluene, the contributions of ethane, butane, and ethylene were enhanced. The indirect greenhouse effects of ethane and propane, of which ozone formation potentials are the lowest and the third lowest respectively among targeted 10 NMVOCs, ranked first and fourth highest respectively. Acetaldehyde has relatively higher maximum incremental reactivity and is classified as probable human carcinogen however, its indirect GWP ranked second lowest.

This study was investigated to compare the volatile aroma compounds of Synurus deltoides and Aster scaber. The volatile aroma compounds from Synurus deltoides and Aster scaber were extracted by soild-phase microextraction (SPME) methods. S. deltoides had 97 volatile aroma compounds such as including 5-acetyl-1,2-dihydro acenaphtylene (14.63%), β-cubebene (9.31%), caryophyllene (8.97%), β-chamigrene (7.14%), β-selinene (2.71), α-farnesene (2.47%), α-bergamotene (2.26%), β-elemene (1.94%), etc. A. scaber had 84 volatile aroma compounds such as (+)-epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (10.38%), terpinolen (10.09%), caryophyllene (6.04%), 8-isopropenyl-1,5-dimethyl-1,5-cyclodeca diene (5.42%), α-himachalene (5.04%), β-thujene (4.37%), β-pinene (4.28%), β-cubebene (3.99%), etc. Conclusively, the main common volatile aroma compounds in S. deltoides and A. scaber leaves were 19 volatile aroma compounds such as caryophyllene, terpinolen, β-cubebene. But the composition and amount of volatile aroma compounds were very different between the two species.

This study investigated the characteristics of selected volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in newly-finished residential buildings, before the occupants moved in. This investigation was carried out by measuring the indoor and outdoor concentrations of selected VOCs before the occupants moved in and by utilizing an indoor mass balance model. Among 25 target VOCs, five aromatics(benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene) were detected in all samples of both indoor and outdoor air. Toluene was most abundant VOC in the indoor air of new apartments, with a median value of 168 mg m-3. Unlike other VOCs, halogenated compounds would not be significantly emitted from building materials. The indoor air concentrations of all selected VOCs, except for 1,3,5-trimethyl benzene, exhibited significant correlations each other, while for outdoor air concentrations, five aromatics only were significantly correlated between them. The emission rate of toluene was higher for the current study(median value, 76.8 mg m-2 h-1) than for a previous study, while the emission rates of limonene, a-pinene and b-pinene(geometric means of 2.4, 13.8 and 9.6 mg m-2 h-1, respectively) were lower and the emission rates of m,p-xylene and 2-butanone(geometric means of 10.9 and 21.3 mg m-2 h-1, respectively) were similar. Although there were a few exceptions, the emission strengths are likely proportional to indoor temperature, and appear to reversely proportional to air exchange rate.

방향성 허브 식물 중 애플민트의 광도 수준에 따른 초장 및 잎의 생장, 향기성분 변화를 알아보고자 수행되었다. 애플민트의 초장은 5,000Lux 처리의 경우 급격히 증가되었으며, 저광도이거나 10,000Lux 이상일수록 초장이 천천히 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 엽색도를 알아보기 위한 chlorophyll meter는 높은 광도 수준인 10,000Lux 처리에서 다른 처리에 비해 가장 효과적이었으며, 잎의 두께에 있어서도 10,000Lux의 고광도 처리시 다른 처리에 비해 현저히 증가되었다. 광도별 애플민트의 향기성분은 총 26종의 성분이 동정되었으며 대부분의 방향성분은 광도가 높을수록 높은 함량을 나타내었다.

본 연구는 정치발효에 의한 국산 및 일본산 현미식초의 품질비교를 실시하였다. 국내산 현미식초의 주요 유리아미노산은 proline, glutamic acid와 phenylalanine인 반면, 일본산 현미식초는 proline, valine, phenylalanine, lysine, -aminobutyric acid, alanine과 isoleucine이었다. -aminobutyric acid (GABA)와 총아미노산 함량(3686.37~4212.2

Biological characteristics of 5 Zanthoxylum schinifolium (Zs) fruits such as Z1 (early August), Z2 (middle August), Z3 (middle September), Z4 (early October) and Z5 (middle October) according to harvesting time were evaluated. As fruits ripened, average weight of Zs increased from 4.8mg (Z1) to 50.7mg (Z5), while moisture contents decreased from 74.6% (Z1) to 55.2% (Z5). Crude fat contents of the fruits during ripening increased from 1% (Z1) to 10.6% (Z5). The major fatty acids in Zs were palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), oleic (C18:1), and linoleic (C18:2) acids. Linoleic acid (C18:2) was a main fatty acid in Z1 and Z2, whereas oleic acid (C18:1) was found as a main one in the other Zs. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to total fatty acids increased from 60% (Z1) to 80% (Z3~Z5) during ripening. Among ripening stages, Z4 had the highest contents of total fatty acids (3,355μg/g) and total unsaturated fatty acids (2,753μg/g). Forty six volatile compounds in Zs were also identified. The major volatile compounds were α-pinene, β-myrcene, β-ocimene, 2-nonanone, estragole, 2-undecanone, and β-caryophyllene. Major volatile components of Z1 were β-ocimene (20.8 peak area %) and α-pinene (9.7 peak area %). In Z2, estragole (30.1 peak area %) was a main volatile compound, but the contents of α-pinene (0.4 peak area %), β-myrcene (0.3 peak area %), and β-ocimene (0.6 peak area %) were lower than those in Z1. Especially, estragole used as perfumes and as a food additive for flavor was drastically increased to 91.2 (Z3) and 92% (Z4) as fruits ripened.

전자선 조사에 따른 캠벨얼리 포도의 휘발성 유기성분의 조성과 저장 후(0, 30일)의 변화를 확인하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 캠벨얼리 포도에 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 및 1 kGy의 선량으로 전자선 조사한 후 SDE 방법으로 휘발성 유기성분을 추출하고 GC/MS로 분석하였다. 포도와 전자선 조사된 포도의 주요 화합물로는 butanol, hexanal, [E]-2-hexenal, hexanol, 3-methyl-butanol 등이 동정되었으며

본 연구에서는 국내산 Allium속의 휘발성 유기성분과 생리적 유용성을 지닌 함유황 유기화합물을 비교 분석하였다. 마늘, 양파 및 대파를 동결 건조하여 SDE 추출법을 이용하였으며 휘발성 유기성분을 추출하고 GC/MS로 분석하였다. 건마늘의 주요 향기성분은 diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, allyl methyl trisulfide, allyl methyl disulfide 등이었으며, 건양파에서는 diprop