We used the upland field rotated from matured rice paddy field, which have been used as a rice paddy field long time, for three years from 2015 to 2017. Therefore, this study was conducted for three main purposes. The first was to investigate yearly changes of growth and yield for waxy maize in the organic farming waxy maize at rice paddy-upland rotation system, the second was to investigate yearly changes of soil physical and chemical characteristics of rice paddy field soil in organic farming waxy maize at rice paddy-upland rotation system and the third was to select the suitable varieties for organic farming waxy maize at rice paddy-upland rotation. The test varieties were that 8 varieties of waxy maize of Mibaek 2, Ilmichal, Daehakchal, Chalok 4, Miheukchal, Eolrukchal 1, Heukjinjuchal, Heugjeom 2. For yearly yield, the highest yield was obtained in the first year of 949.6 kg, the second highest was in the third year of 680.6 kg 10a-1, while the second year was the lowest yield (675.4 kg 10a-1). Both varieties of Chalok 4 and Ilmichal showed the highest yield with about 900 kg 10a-1 in the threeyear average of 8 varieties. Solid phase of deep soil was 10% higher than that of top soil. Porosity rate of the top soil (54.7%) was higher than that of deep soil (49.4%), and the porosity in the third year was 2.7% higher than that of the first year. Soil organic matter content was significant different between soil depths and between three years. Soil solid and liquid phase decreased by 1.6% and 4.3%, respectively, compared to the first year, and the gas phase increased by 4.3%. The porosity of the third year was 2.7% higher than that of the first year. The soil organic matter content was 9.5 g kg-1 in the third year compared with 12 g kg-1 in the first year. It has also trend to decrease as the number of years rotated from rice paddy field increased. In the three-year average yields of Ilmichal and Chalok 4 were 898.1 kg 10a-1 and 891.6 kg 10a-1 respectively and the yield of Chalok 4 was greater than the other 7 varieties. We compared and selected the two best waxy maize varieties of Chalok 4 and Ilmichal for rice paddy-upland rotation. When we look at the yearly variation for waxy maize, Waxy maize yield was the highest in the first year and decreased year by year. Therefore, it would be better to restore upland field to rice paddy fields after the first year.

본 연구의 목적은 온도와 토양수분에 따른 마늘의 생육, 생리장해 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시 하였다. 실험은 온도가 6℃ 차이가 나는 온실에서 수행 되었는데, 정식부터 수확까지 외기(A)보다 3℃(A+3℃), 6℃(A+6℃) 고온조건, 토양수분은 적습(OI) 대비 수확기 무렵의 다습(EI) 처리를 하였다. 그 결과, 마늘 생육특성은 온도와 토양수분 조건(0.34m3/m3)에 따라 고도의 유의성을 보여 고온일수록 그리고 적습 처리구일수록 컸다. 초장은 외기보다 A+6℃-OI 처리구에서 47.4cm로 가장 컸으며, 엽장과 엽폭 역시 외기보다 A+6℃-OI 처리구가 각각 16.1cm, 2.4cm로 가장 컸다. 마늘재배 기간 중 외기보다 3℃, 6℃ 고온조건이 되면 스펀지마늘 발생율이 높아져 A+6℃-OI 처리구는 12.9% 발생하였고, A-EI 처리구에서는 전혀 발생하지 않았으며, 인편무게와 1쪽당 무게는 A+6℃ 고온구에서 크게 감소하여 수량이 외기 대비 A+6℃ 처리구는 평균 51%, A+3℃ 처리구는 평균 22% 감소하였다. 따라서, 마늘재배시 외기보다 6℃ 고온조건과 다습조건이 되면 상품수량 감소하고, 생리장해 발생이 많아지는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구에서는 평균온도 상승에 따른 출수기변화, 수량구성 요소 및 수량, 출수기건물중 및 식물체 질소함량 변화를 평가 한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 생육기 평균온도 1oC 상승 시 밀의 출수기는 약 2.8일 단축된 것으로 판단되었다. 2. 평균온도 상승 시 수량구성요소와 수량이 악화되었는데, 주로 면적당수수 감소에 의해 면적당립수와 수량이 감소한 것으로 판단되었다. 3. 1수립수는 11월 7일 파종 시 고온조건에서 감소하였으나 11월 17일 파종 시 고온조건에서 감소하지 않았다. 4. 천립중은 출수 후 30일간 평균온도 1oC 당 약 2.1g씩 감소하였다. 5. 평균온도 상승 시 출수기 건물중은 감소하지 않았으나, 출수기 면적당경수는 감소한 것으로 판단되었다. 6. 고온처리 시 식물체 질소흡수량이 감소하여 면적당립수가 감소한 것으로 판단되었다.

This study estimated the effect of sowing and harvesting dates on dry matter (DM) yield and feed value of forage oats at Sancheong, Korea. The forage oats (Darkhorse vs. Highspeed) were used in this experiment. The experimental main plots consisted of the different sowing and harvesting dates at 2 seasons as follows: spring oats of sowing (February 25, March 3 and March 13) and harvesting (May 27, June 6 and June 16); and fall oats of sowing (August 15, August 25 and September 4) and harvesting (October 15, October 25 and November 4). On spring oats, Highspeed sown on March 3 and then harvesting on June 6 had the highest (p<0.05) plant length and DM yield. Crude protein content decreased (p<0.05) in seed of the delayed-harvesting Highspeed. On fall oats, plant length and DM yield with the delayed-harvesting date increased (p<0.05), while crude protein content of the delayed-harvesting Highspeed decreased (p<0.05). This study concluded that the spring oat sown in early March and then harvesting in early June was recommended to increase dry matter and feed value although the fall oat sown in end August and then harvesting in early November was recommended for fall period.

The study was conducted to determine effects on forage productivity, feed value, grazing intensity and livestock productivity in growing Korean native female goat grazing in native pasture. Its with average initial body weight of 14.10±3.6kg and an average age of 4 months were used in this study. Dry matter content of native pasture was the highest at 33.48 ± 2.56% in June, and the content was significantly increased from spring to autumn (p<0.05). Crude protein was maintained between 11% and 12% on average. Nutrient content was maintained at a certain level in native pasture, but there were differences due to the different types of wild grasses produced in each season. The productivity of forage crops increased from June, but decreased after August and showed a characteristic of grassland where productivity decreased rapidly in spring and autumn. The average grazing intensity are 39 head/ha. Black goat average daily gain was 80.2g/d. The stable weight gain in grazing is that the nutrient requirement of the black goat was met by supplementing the concentrated feed during grazing. study, can be expected that the productivity of livestock can be increased through the proper feeding of supplementary feed and maintenance of grazing intensity

This study was conducted in 2014 in the Gangjin area of Jeonnam province for the purpose of confirming the potential of Kenaf as an alternative feed crop of rice. The weather and soil conditions were favorable and there was no adverse effect on the growth of Kenaf. The amount of seeding was given at 10 kg, 15 kg and 20 kg. As the seeding volume increased, plant height and dry matter yield increased, and stem diameter and number of nodes decreased. The highest growth rate was observed between 75 and 90 days from the date of planting(p<0.05). As the growth progressed, stem rate increased and leaf rate decreased(p<0.05). Increased amount of seeding and growth resulted in decreased CP and TDN and increased ADF and NDF, which resulted in the decreased economic value of Kenaf as a feed crop. The result of increasing the use of organic fertilizer to 20 kg and 30 kg was similar to increasing the amount of seeding. As organic fertilizer usage increased, dry matter yield and growth rate improved(p<0.05).

Yield prediction model for mixed pasture was developed with a shortage that the relationship between dry matter yield (DMY) and days of summer depression (DSD) was not properly reflected in the model in the previous research. Therefore, this study was designed to eliminate the data of the regions with distinctly different climatic conditions and then investigate their relationships DMY and DSD using the data in each region separately of regions with distinct climatic characteristics and classify the data based on regions for further analysis based on the previous mixed pasture prediction model. The data set used in the research kept 582 data points from 11 regions and 41 mixed pasture types. The relationship between DMY and DSD in each region were analyzed through scatter plot, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis in each region separately. In the statistical analysis, DMY was taken as the response variable and 5 climatic variables including DSD were taken as explanatory variables. The results of scatter plot showed that negative correlations between DMY and DSD were observed in 7 out of 9 regions. Therefore, it was confirmed that analyzing the relationship between DMY and DSD based on each region is necessary and 5 regions were selected (Hwaseong, Suwon, Daejeon, Siheung and Gwangju) since the data size in these regions is large enough to perform the further statistical analysis based on large sample approximation theory. Correlation analysis showed that negative correlations were found between DMY and DSD in 3 (Hwaseong, Suwon and Siheung) out of the 5 regions, meanwhile the negative relationship in Hwaseong was confirmed through multiple regression analysis. Therefore, it was concluded that the interpretability of the yield prediction model for mixed pasture could be improved based on constructing the models using the data from each region separately instead of using the pooled data from different regions.

중부 평야지에서 중생종 벼 하이아미의 이앙시기에 따른 출수기의 변동과 출수 전후의 기상 및 수량 특성을 파악하고 적절한 재배시기를 제안하기 위하여, 이앙시기를 5월 10일부터 6월 24일까지 조절하여 3년간 국립식량과학원 중부작물부 수원 벼 재배시험 포장에서 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 이앙기가 늦을수록 출수기까지는 일 평균기온이 높았으나 출수소요일수가 단축됨에 따라 적산온도가 적어졌고, 출수 후 40일간은 평균기온이 낮고 일조시간이 많은 경향이었다. 2. 이앙기~출수기와 출수 후 40일간의 평균기온은 시험연차보다 이앙시기에 따른 변이가 컸으나 일 평균 일조시간은 이앙시기 보다 시험연차에 따른 변이 정도가 더 커서, 이앙시기 조절에 의한 기상요인의 변화는 평균기온에서 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 3. 이앙시기가 늦어짐에 따라 수수는 감소하였으나 수당영화수가 증가하였고, 결과적으로 이앙시기 지연에 의한 출수소요일수의 단축이 sink size의 감소로 이어지지는 않았다. 4. 이앙시기 조절에 의한 m2당 영화수의 변화는 등숙비율과 뚜렷한 상관을 보이지 않았으나, 출수 후 40일간 평균기온이 낮아짐에 따라 현미천립중은 유의하게 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 5. 쌀수량은 이앙시기에 따라 유의차를 보이지 않았던 반면, 완전립 비율은 6월 24일까지 이앙이 늦어짐에 따라 높아지는 추세를 보였으며 그에 따라 완전미 수량도 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 6. 결과적으로, 중부 평야지에서 하이아미는 이앙시기를 6월 중~하순으로 늦춤으로써 쌀 품위를 높이고 완전미 수량을 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 분석되었는데, 등숙 후기의 저온 피해 우려를 고려하면 6월 중순에 이앙하는 것이 안전할 것으로 판단된다.

이 연구는 CHO-CO와 PO필름이 시설 내 기온과 참 외의 특성, 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행되었 다. 2017년 1월 8일 기온의 일변화 조사에서 조광필름 처리구의 최고, 최저 및 평균 기온은 각각 38.9oC, 13.4oC, 20.1oC 이었고, PO필름 처리구에서 각각 40.0oC, 14.9oC, 20.3oC로 처리 간 차이가 거의 없었고, 2월부터 5월까지 과실특성, 품질 및 수량 조사에서도 처 리 간 차이가 없었다. 그러나 고온기인 8월 7일부터 1일 간 기온의 일변화에서 조광필름 처리구의 최고, 최저 및 평균 기온은 각각 47.2oC, 23.1oC, 32.4oC 이었고, PO필 름 처리구에서도 각각 50.3oC, 23.6oC, 34.0oC로 조광필름 처리구에서 최고 및 평균기온이 각각 3.1oC, 1.6oC 더 낮았다. 특히 주간의 기온만 비교해 보면 저온기에는 차이가 거의 없지만 고온기에는 PO필름에 비해 조광필 름 처리구에서 3.0oC까지 기온이 낮아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 2017년 5월 26일부터 8월 15일까지의 고온기의 품질 및 수량 조사에서도 PO필름 처리구에 비해 조광필 름 처리구에서 과중이 371.6g으로 22.2g 더 가볍고, 태좌부의 당도는 14.5o brix로 1.4o brix 더 높고, 과피의 색도(a값)도 12.3으로 1.5 더 높고, 상품과율도 89.4%로 8.0%P 증가하였고 10a당 상품수량도 2,694kg으로 26% 증가하였다. 결론적으로 고온기에 조광필름은 참외 생산에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 BIM 도입 효과를 극대화할 수 있는 현장 적용성 확보에 중점을 둔 철근콘크리트 골조공사의 BIM 견적모델 작성과 BIM기반 견적 업무 프로세스를 표준화한 가이드라인을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 기존 지침 및 가이드라인의 BIM 견적모델 작성 범위 및 방식을 고찰하고, 철근콘크리트공사 수량산출·견적 지침 및 기준을 분석하며, 기존 견 적 방식과 BIM기반 견적 방식에 대해 비교분석한다. 이를 통하여 BIM기반 견적 업무의 표준 프로세스를 수립하고, 콘크리 트/거푸집/철근 견적모델의 작성 및 수량산출 기준을 도출하며, 철근콘크리트공사 BIM기반 수량산출 및 견적 업무의 성과 물 목록 및 양식을 제시한다. 본 연구를 통해 작성된 BIM 견적 가이드라인은 BIM기반의 새로운 기술환경에 대한 진입장벽 을 낮추고, 견적의 정확성 극대화를 통한 원가절감을 실현하며, BIM 업무와 건설산업의 생산성과 부가가치를 증대시켜, 궁 극적으로 건설사업 전 생애주기에서 생산되는 정보를 통합 관리할 수 있는 기반을 구축하고 BIM 생태계를 조성하는데 기여 할 것으로 기대한다.

This study was performed to persue the optimal cropping system for the cultivation of upland crops on rice-paddy field. It was conducted at Anseong-si Gyeonggi province of Korea from 2013 to 2015. In order to investigate growth and yield characteristics of sorghum under different paddyupland rotation systems, varieties of Nampungchal, Moktaksusu, Aneunbangisusu and Hwanggeumchal were examined. Four paddy-upland rotation systems of upland (1 year)-rice paddy (1 year)-upland (1 year), rice paddy (1 year)-rice paddy (1 year)-upland (1 year), rice paddy (1 year)-upland (1 year)- upland (1 year) and upland (1 year)-upland (1 year)-upland (1 year) systems were tested. The pH of upland (1 year)-upland (1 year)-upland (1 year) system exhibited the highest (pH 6.68), showing a tendency that the longer the upland years, the higher the soil pH. Among four paddy-upland rotation systems, the higher exchangeable Ca was obtained from upland (1 year)-upland (1 year)-upland (1 year) system (5.03 cmol+/kg), showing a tendency that the longer the upland years, the higher the exchangeable Ca. Upland (1 year)-upland (1 year)-upland (1 year) system exhibited the shortest days from seeding to heading (68 days) among four paddy-upland rotation systems and Hwanggeumchal showed the shortest days from seeding to heading (62 days) among four varieties. In the average of culm length and ear length, there was no significance between four paddy-upland rotation systems, but Moktaksusu (151.7 cm in culm length) and Aneunbangisusu (27.4 cm in ear length) exhibited the highest culm length and ear length respectively. The highest grains per ear was obtained from upland (1 year)-upland (1 year)- upland (1 year) system (1,068 grains) among four paddy-upland rotation systems and Nampungchal (1,107 grains) among four varieties. In average yield per 10a among four rotation systems, rice paddy (1 year)-upland (1 year)-upland (1 year) system produced the highest yield (221.2 kg/10a).

본 연구는 최근에 도입된 원통형 종이포트 묘에 대한 현장 활용가능성을 검토하고자 기존의 프러그 묘를 대조구로 하여 몇가지 육묘조건에 따른 묘의 생육 차이를 분석하고, 정식 후 수량을 비교하였다. 전주 유리온실에서 수행된 육묘 실험에서는 묘의 생육은 프러그 트레이 50공에서 지속 시비한 처리에서 생육량이 가장 많았다. 생육은 육묘 상자의 구멍에 채우는 상토량에 따라 영향을 받으며, 육묘 상자 보다는 시비 처리에 따른 차이가 더 컸다. 공시한 ‘청양’, ‘대권선언’, ‘롱그린맛’ 품종 모두 같은 양상을 보였다. 육묘 후 비닐하우스와 노지에 심어서 뿌리 발달과 수량을 조사한 결과, 비닐하우스 재배 시 ‘청양’ 품종의 뿌리 내림은 종이포트묘와 프러그 묘 간에 차이가 없었으며, 공시한 3 품종 모두 최종 누적수량의 차이는 없었다. 전주 지역 노지재배에서는 ‘청양’은 종이포트묘가, ‘대권선언’과 ‘롱그린맛’은 프러그묘가 누적수량이 많았다. 영양 지역에서 ‘대권선언’ 품종은 종이포트묘와 프러그묘 간에 수량 차이는 없었다. 결론적으로 육묘 처리 조건에 따른 원통형 종이포트 고추묘의 생육의 변화는 기존의 프러그묘와 같은 양상이며, 정식 후 재배조건과 품종에 따른 미미한 차이는 있었으나 전반적으로 수량차이는 없는 것으로 나타나 앞으로 원통 형 종이포트 고추 묘에 대한 활용가능성은 높을 것으로 판단되었다.

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of organic fertilizer and seed mixture on productivity, botanical composition and forage quality in middle areas(Geumsan, 250m sea level) pasture. Total six experimental pastures (orchardgrass, timothy and tall fescue based seed mixture and with or without organic fertilizer) were established in autumn, 2014 and evaluated productivity and agronomic characteristics from 2015 to 2016. Plant heigh was higher in orchardgrass based mixture and orchardgrass and tall fescue based mixture were higher in 2nd harvest. There was not found the significant difference among treatment(P<0.05) in dry matter (DM) content. Botanical composition in 1st harvest was higher weed portion in orchardgrass based mixture and legumes was disappeared at 3rd harvest in all treatments. Fresh and dry matter yield was higher in 2nd year than 1st year. In 1st year, orchardgrass based mixture with organic fertilizer plot was the highest(P<0.05) DM yield, but tall fescue based mixture with organic fertilizer was the highest in 2nd year. Content of crude protein (CP) was the highest in tall fescue based mixture and Timothy based mixture showed low in ADF (acid detergent fiber) and NDF (neutral detergent fiber) content. But the content if in virto dry matter digestibility was higher than others. In 2nd year, the nutritive value of 2nd and 4th harvested grasses were higher and average RFV (relative feed value) value was the highest at 4th harvest. According to this result, orchardgrass and tall fescue based mixture would be recommendable for farm who considering productivity and timothy based mixture would be recommendable for considering forage quality in middle areas of Korea.

A new barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar ‘Dachung’ having high forage yielding and good silage quality was developed at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2015. This cultivar was derived from a cross of the ‘Sunwoo’ and ‘Keunalbori1ho’ in 2002. And it’s promising line showed both high yield and lodging resistance through the preliminary and advanced yield trials(PYT, AYT) at Iksan from 2010 to 2012. It was designated as the ‘Iksan479’. ‘Iksan479’ was conducted to regional yield trials(RYT) in six locations around Korea for three years from 2013 to 2015. And it was released as the name of ‘Dachung’. It has erect plant type, growth habit of IV and green leaf. In the paddy field its heading date was April 24 and maturing date was May 26, same day with ‘Youngyang’. Plant height of ‘Dachung’ was 99cm. Dachung’s spikes per m2 was 625. It has high rate of leaf blades, resistance to BaYMV(Barley Yellow Mosiac Virus) and better winter hardiness than that of ‘Youngyang’. The average dry matter of ‘Dachung’ was about 11.9 ton ha-1 in paddy field. And average feed quality of ‘Dachung’ was 9.0% of crude protein content, 31.3% of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), 54.4% of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), 64.0% of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients). ‘Dachung’ had grade I of silage quality. This cultivar would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of -8℃ in January in Korean peninsula.