본 연구는 버드나무 속 식물의 화장품 소재로써의 활용 가능성을 평가하기 위해 수행하였다. 버드나무 속 식물 중 갯버들, 능수버들 및 키버들 70% 에탄올 추출물의 DPPH radical 소거능 분석을 통한 항산화 활성을 평가한 결과 모든 추출물이 대조군에 비해 DPPH radical 소거능이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 또한 3종의 버드나무 속 식물 추출물 처리는 RAW 264.7 세포의 nitric oxide (NO) 생성을 유의적으로 억제하여 항염 활성이 있는 것으로 확인되었으며, 모두 콜라게나제 저해 활성이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 그 중 갯버들 추출물이 가장 높은 콜라게나제 저해활성을 나타내어 갯버들 추출물의 용매 분획물에 대한 추가적인 콜라게나제 저해활성을 분석한 결과, 물 및 부탄올 분획물이 가장 높은 콜라게나제 저해활성이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 결과적으로 버드나무 속 식물 중 갯버들은 높은 콜라게나제 저해활성이 있는 것으로 확인되어 향후 효과적인 기능성 화장품 소재로 활용 가능 할 것으로 사료된다.

In this study, a preliminary evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the Ficus erecta var. sieboldii (Miq.) King (FES) leaf extract has been performed to assess its potential as a natural resource for food and medicinal materials. FES was extracted using 70% EtOH and then fractionated sequentially using n-hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, and n-BuOH. To screen for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents effectively, the inhibitory effect of the FES extracts on the production of oxidant stresses (DPPH, xanthine oxidase, and superoxide) and pro-inflammatory factors (NO, iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, IL-6, and IL-β) in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined. Among the sequential solvent fractions of FES, the CH2Cl2 and EtOAc fractions showed decreased production of oxidant stresses (DPPH, xanthine oxidase and superoxide), and the hexane and CH2Cl2 fractions of FES inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory factors (NO, iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2). The CH2Cl2 fraction also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). These results suggest that FES has a significant effects on the production of oxidant stresses and pro-inflammatory factors and may be used a natural resource for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

본 논문은 가축의 면역 증진을 위한 천연 첨가제로서 좀민들레의 활용 가능성을 검토하고자 항산화 및 항염증 활성 평가를 실시하였다. 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 94.95, 86.33 mg/g으로 나타났고 DPPH, ABTS radical 소거능은 각각 100, 200 μg/mL의 농도에서 50%의 억제율을 보였으며, 1000 μg/mL에서 50%의 환원력을 나타냈다. LPS와 함께 처리한 Raw 264.7 cell에서는 좀민들레에 의한 세포 독성이 나타나지 않았으며 염증 매개 인자 NO와 염증성 사이도카인 IL-1β의 생성량을 유의하게 감소시켰다. 또한 염증성 단백질 발현량을 측정하기 위해 western blotting을 통해 확인한 결과, 400 μg/mL으로 처리하였을 때 LPS 처리구에 비해 염증성 단백질 발현 수준을 유의하게 감소시킨 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구 결과, 좀민들레 추출물은 세포에 대한 독성이 없이 유의한 항산화 활성과 항염증 활성을 나타냄으로써 가축의 질병예방을 위한 면역 증진 및 생산성 향상에 기여할 수 있는 안전한 대체 천연 첨가제로 이용될 수 있다고 생각된다.

This study was conducted to examine the utilization potential of grape stems as nutritional supplements, and the physiological functionalities of 70% ethanol extracts from grape fruit stem (GFS) were investigated. Each experimental group was prepared with different methods and included GFSF (GFS prepared with freeze drying), GFSI (GFS prepared with infrared drying), GFSH (GFS prepared with heat air drying), and GFSS (GFS prepared with sun drying). The respective yields of freeze-dried powders for the GFSF, GFSI, GFSH, and GFSS were 59.27%, 57.13%, 58.57%, and 58.87%, respectively. Total polyphenol contents in the GFSF were significantly greater than those in the other extracts, whereas total flavonoid contents in the GFSI were higher than those in the other extracts. The contents of proanthocyanidin-related substances were ranked in the order of GFSF > GFSI > GFSH > GFSS. The thin layer chromatograph (TLC) analysis of catechin showed that the GFSF, GFSI, GFSH, and GFSS were detected in the same band. The electron donating ability with 500 μg/mL (w/v) solutions of GFSF, GFSI, GFSH, and GFSS amounted to 93.14%, 93.07%, 92.64%, and 86.95%, respectively, and the reducing powers (OD 700) were 1.933, 1.765, 1.455, and 1.200 absorbance units, respectively. Additionally, the ABTS radical scavenging ability showed the same tendency that was observed with the electron donating ability and reducing power. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity with 500 μg/mL (w/v) solutions of GFSF and GFSI were higher than those of GFSH and GFSS. In conclusion, the infrared drying technique is the superior method for the enhancement of biological activity for by-product utilization.

In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity and protective effects against oxidative DNA damage of the ethyl acetate fraction from the callus of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai (ECA). Callus of A. distichum was induced on MS medium containing NAA (1 ㎎/L) and 2,4-D (1 ㎎/L), and a sufficient amount was obtained for the extraction by subculture. Acteoside was analyzed and quantified (0.39 ㎎/g callus) from ECA using the high-performance liquid chromatographyphotodiode array detector method. ECA showed very high antioxidative activity as revealed by DPPH and ABTS scavenging assays. The IC50 values were 12.4 and 6.8 ㎍/㎖, respectively. ECA showed protective effects against oxidative DNA damage evaluated by using ψX-174 RF I plasmid DNA. It also inhibited DNA damage by suppressing the oxidative stress-induced protein and mRNA levels of γ-H2AX and p53 in NIH/3T3 cells. In conclusion, ECA protects against oxidative DNA damage through its powerful antioxidant activity.

Background : The Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an annual plant of African and Indian origin. and there are a lot of flavonoids in the leaves. To determine the most suitable method for extracting of Kenaf cosmetic ingredients, the data of changes in polyphenol, flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities were analyzed, based on concentration of surfactants and Extraction Methods. Methods and Results : The effect of autoclave extraction (AE) and ultrasonification extraction USE) with hydrophilic surfactant that is Brij35 diluted 15, 25 and 35 mM with water on antioxidant activity of Kenaf was investigated. The leaves of Kenaf; R from Israel were collected in 2016 and the collected leaves were dried and pulverized. The highest polyphenol content of Kenaf extracted was 47.54 ㎎/㎖ as Brij35 20 mM extract from AE after USE. The highest flavonoid content of Kenaf was 20.01 ㎎/㎖ as Brij35 25 mM extract from AE. The Brij35 20 mM extract from AE after USE showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than that of the other treatments. Conclusion : Based on the test results, the extracts obtained by AE or AE after USE showed excellent antioxidant activity and effective component than extracts by USE. The results of the DPPH radical scavenging activity and total polyphenol content of the extracts obtained by AE after USE than AE were slightly improved, but there was no significant difference. Therefore, it is considered that the extract obtained by autoclave extraction most effective for use as a cosmetic ingredient.

In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of Abeliophyllum distichum (A. distichum) leaves that were prepared via air-drying. Fresh and air-dried A. distichum leaves were examined via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assay and measurements of the reducing power. The suppression effects on inflammation of the leaves were analyzed by a western blot and RT-PCR on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. As a result, the antioxidant activity of the fresh leaves was found to be more effective than that of the air-dried leaves. Also, the fresh leaves were more effective in suppressing the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2 than the air-dried leaves, thereby indicating the better anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, the contents of phenolic compounds and acteoside were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the acteoside content decreased with the use of the air-drying method, while there was no change in the content of phenolic compounds. Therefore, this study indicated that fresh A. distichum leaves potential antioxidant and suppression activities of various factors that are involved in the production of NO, which were found to be better than those of air-dried A. distichum leaves. These biological activities were also found to be independent of the content of phonolic compounds and were assumed to be directly or indirectly related to the content of acteoside.

본 연구에서는 참마와 명아주의 항산화 및 항염증 효능을 평가하기 위해 참마와 명아주 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 free radical 소거활성, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) 실험을 수행하였다. 참마와 명아주 추출물의 free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) 소거활성(EC50)에서 각각 2.386, 0.524 mg/mL로 측정되었다. 또한 참마와 명아주 추출물의 혼합 시료의 free radical 소거활성은 참마 추출물 : 명아주 추출물 비율이 2 : 1일 때 가장 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다. IL-6와 TNF-α의 ELISA 실험을 통해 항염증 효능을 평가한 결과, 마우스 비장세포에서 IL-6의 경우 1 mg/mL 농도에서 참마 추출물은 대조군과 대비하여 27.17% IL-6 생성을 감소시켰으며, 명아주 추출물은 72.30%의 감소를 나타내었다. TNF-α의 경우 참마 추 출물은 61.97%, 명아주 추출물은 77.85%로 유의성 있는 TNF-α생성 감소 효능을 나타내었다. 이 결과들을 통하여 참마와 명아주 추출물은 항산화, 항염증 효능을 가지고 있으며, 이를 활용하여 항염증에 효과가 있는 천 연물 제제에 응용 가능성이 있음을 확인하였다.

Hylotelephium erythrostictum is commonly used as a medicinal herb. In this study, H. erythrostictum leaf (HEL), branch (HEB), root (HER), and above ground (HEAG) extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant properties. The antioxidant activities were assayed by three methods based on scavenging of DPPH, ABTS and superoxide anion radical. HEAG extract showed the highest DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radical scavenging activities. HEAG extract also exhibited the highest phenolic content (230 mg/g gallic acid equivalent). In our research for anti-inflammatory ingredients, the extract of HEAG inhibited the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. To test the inhibitory effects of HEAG on pro-inflammatory cytokines, we conducted ELISA assay for the measuring the generation of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL (interleukin)-1β, and IL(interleukin)-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In these assays, HEAG ethanol extract showed a dose-dependent decrease in the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Based on these results, extract of HEAG could be the efficient candidate for anti-inflammatory agents.

본 연구에서는 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 70% 에탄올 추출물과 발효균주 Lactobacillus pentosus를 이용하여 발효시킨 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 발효추출물에 대하여 항산화 및 세포보호 효과를 측정하였다. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)를 이용한 자유라디칼 소거 활성(FSC50)은 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물 및 발효추출물이 각각 42.3 및 34.5 μ g/mL로 발효 후의 라디칼 소거활성이 약 18.4% 더 높게 나타났다. Lumiol-의존성 화학발광법을 이용한 Fe3+-EDTA/H2O2계에서의 총 항산화능(OSC50) 평가에서도 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물과 발효추출물은 각각 2.6 및 2.5 μ g/mL로 발효 후가 약 4.2% 정도 더 높은 총 항산화능을 나타냈다. 1O2로 유도된 적혈구 세포 손상에 있어서 추출물 및 발효추출물의 세포 보호 효과(τ50)는 50 μ g/mL에서 각각 126.4 및 173.0 min을 나타 내어 발효 후 세포 보호 효과가 약 34.0% 더 높게 나타났다. 발효추출물은 지용성 항산화제로 알려진 (+)-α -tocopherol (43.4 min)보다도 3.9배 높은 세포 보호 활성을 보여주었다. 사람 섬유아세포인 Hs68을 대상으로 elastase 저해 활성을 조사하였다. Elastase 저해 활성(IC50)은 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물과 발효추출물에서 각각 873.6 및 687.8 μ g/mL로 발효 후에 elastase 저해 활성이 약 21.3% 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 발효추출물이 항산화 작용과 더불어 주름개선 효과를 가지는 천연 화장품 소재로써 응용 가능성 이 있음을 시사한다.

돌나물(Sedum sarmentosum)의 기능성과 화장품 소재로서의 특성을 파악하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행 하였다. 돌나물을 동결건조하고 분쇄하여 에탄올로 추출한 후 －20 ℃에 저장하면서 실험에 사용하였다. 돌나물 의 에탄올 추출물(SE) 내에 포함된 총폴리페놀화합물(TPC)의 함량은 27.98 ± 0.34 g/kg (건조중량)이었고, epicatechin (162.14 ± 5.07 mg/kg), epigallocatechin (55.99 ± 2.49 mg/kg) 및 kaempferol (47.96 ± 3.02 mg/kg)순으로 많이 함유되어 있는 것으로 분석되었다. SE는 organic radical 소거효과(78.43 ± 1.08%) 와 금속이온환원능(FRAP value 2.54 ± 0.12)을 나타내었다. 또한 SE는 지질과산화 반응의 초기 단계(FTC assay 62.03 ± 0.38%)와 최종단계(TBARS assay 55.36 ± 2.05%)를 저해하였다. SE (5 mg/mL 건조중 량)는 Propionibacterium acne에 대해 항균효과를 나타내었다. SE의 elastase 저해율은 38.94 ± 7.09%이었 고, collagenase 저해율은 78.94 ± 2.49%이었다. SE 처리구는 Col3A1 발현양이 증가하였고 collagen 생성율 은 대조구보다 58.11 ± 1.07% 높았다. 0.5% SE가 함유된 수중유적형 크림은 pH 6.88, 밀도 1.47 g/mL이었 고, 다양한 온도(-20 - 45 ℃)에 4주간 저장하는 동안 크림은 안정한 유화상태를 유지하였다. 따라서 SE는 항균, 항산화, 항노화 활성을 지닌 것으로 사료되었다.

Spiraea prunifolia Sieb. et Zucc. var. simpliciflora Nakai (SSN) has been used for the anti-inflammation in traditional folk medicine. To compare water and methanol extracts of SSN, we analyzed major components using LC IT TOF MS. The major components of hot water extract were identified as caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid, but methanol extract was not well established. However, methanol extract was detected with less polarity compounds compared to hot water extract. Next, we investigated the inhibitory effects of SSN water extract on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response or H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. SSN strongly suppressed the production of nitric oxide in LPS-induced inflammatory response without cytotoxcity. The SSN possessed free radical scavenging activities such as DPPH (IC50=320.2 ㎍/㎖), ABTS (IC50=124.0 ㎍/㎖), and superoxide anion radical (IC50=122.6 ㎍/㎖). The total phenol and flavonoid content of SSN was 56.7 ㎎/g, and 15.1 ㎎/g, respectively. Furthermore, SSN decreased the H2O2-induced cytotoxicity by enhancing the cell viability, and SSN significantly reduced the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Therefore, SSN may be recommended as an effective strategy to prevent and/or treat various inflammation and ROS-induced diseases.

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and traditional herb has several functional properties and strong biological activities, making it useful as a functional food material. We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of mixed compounds from red garlic and supplementary materials, including ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum), quince (Chaenomeles sinensis), citrus peel (Citri Pericarpium), and mint (Mentha arvensis). The extracts were prepared with water (W) and ethanol (E) at 70℃ (W-70, E-70) and 95℃ (W-95, E-95) for 3 h. The total content of phenolic compounds was the highest in E-70 (608.60 mg/100 g). Alliin, one of the active ingredients in red garlic, was contained at 1.18-1.29 mg/g and 0.81-0.85 mg/g in water and ethanol extract, respectively. Another active ingredient of red garlic, S-allyl-cysteine (SAC) had higher content in the water extract than in the ethanol extracts. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in E-70 (15.96-73.65%) at 313-5,000 μg/mL. ABTS radical scavenging activity was also higher in E-70 (5.71-77.19%) than in the others. The ROS production rate showed the same tendency as the NO production, with more efficacy in E-95. The expression level of iNOS and IL-1β was decreased in the E-95 significantly at the concentration of 1,000 μg/mL compared to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated group. Based on the above results, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts of red garlic and supplementary materials were expressed by different useful substances. The contents of these useful substances were different according to the extraction solvent and temperature.

Background: Invasion of these invasive plants in the ecosystem threatens the habitat of endemic species, reduces biodiversity, and causes a disturbance in the ecological system. Hypochaeris radicata L. (Asteraceae), the most invasive plant in Korea, particularly in Jeju Island, invades farmlands, and autochthonous forests, resulting in the establishment of monocultures and modification of the ecosystem structure. Methods and Results: In this study was, we evaluated the biological activity of 70% ethanolic extracts from different parts of Hypochaeris radicata L. The biological activities of 70% ethanolic extracts of different parts, such as flower, leaf, stem, and root, of H. radicata were investigated. The total polyphenol content was highest in flower extracts (50.82 ± 3.16 ㎎ · GAE/g). In addition, the highest flavonoid content was observed in flower extract (15.19 ± 2.03㎎ · QE/g). The flower extract of H. radicata exhibited stronger DPPH radical-scavenging activities, ABTS radical scavenging activities, and reducing power than the other parts. The flower extract of H. radicata was observed to have the highest tyrosinase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Conclusions: The flower extracts of H. radicata exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity as well as tyrosinase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. These activities might be related to the phenolic compounds present in the H. radicata flower extract.

Background : This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activities and anticancer effect in 80% ethanol extract from foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties. Methods and Results : These extracts were evaluated for contents of total polyphenol and antioxidant activities using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. In concentration of 1000 ㎍/㎖, total polyphenol contents of foxtail millet, proso millet and sorghum were 7.68 - 12.74 ㎍․GAE/㎖, 13.01 - 14.79 ㎍․GAE/㎖ and 48.24 - 62.33 ㎍․GAE/㎖, respectively. Sorghum extracts showed strong radical scavenging activity comparable to well-known antioxidant, trolox. Anticancer effect was evaluated for MTT assay using AGS human gastric cancer cells. All extracts decreased growth of AGS cancer cells. Foxtail millet extracts were decreased about 40% of cell viability in all concentrations. Sorghum extracts were decreased cell viability, concentration dependent manner. Especially, Donganme extract (one of the sorghum variety) was the highest anti cancer effect under AGS cancer cells. Conclusion : Based on these results, millet and sorghum has potential health promoting bioactive compounds as functional food.

Background : The interests in the consumption of red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is, to a large extent due to its content of bioactive compounds and their importance as dietary antioxidants and Red pepper is commonly used as food material and a broad variety of medicinal applications, Therefore, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of red pepper. Methods and Results : This present study was evaluated the effect of red pepper ethanol and distilled water extracts on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Antioxidant activity of the extracts were evaluated by the assay of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reducing power, along with the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents. The ethanol and the water extracts showed strong antioxidant activity by the testing methods. Total phenol content was high in ethanol extract, whereas total flavonoid content was high in water extract. The red pepper extract exhibited high scavenging activity against DPPH radicals and showed high reducing power. In vitro cytotoxic assay, red pepper extract showed noncytotoxic effect in the RAW 264.7 cells with or without LPS. The level of nitric oxide (NO) production induced by LPS decreased in a dose-dependent manner (0.25 ㎍/ ㎖ – 1.0 ㎎/㎖). Proinfllamatory cytokine level including TNF-ɑ and IL-6 decresed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by treating red pepper extracts. Conclusion : These results indicate that the ethanol and distilled water extracts of red pepper can be used as an anti-proliferative therapeutic agent or functional food.

Background: The light emitting plasma (LEP) has recently attracted attention as a novel artificial light source for plant growth and functional component enhancement. We investigated the effects of LEP on whitening and antioxidant activities of the plant parts of perilla. Methods and Results: Previously germianted seeds of perilla were cultivated under different light conditions (fluoresce lamp, LED red, blue, white, green, and LEP) in a culture room for 2 months. Parts of perilla were harvested and extracted in 70% EtOH. The extracts were used to detect total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis- 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), reducing power and tyrosinase inhibition activity as indicators of biological activity. Biological activity was highest in seedlings grown under LEP. The total phenolic content was highest in the stems and the total flavonoid content was highest in the roots of perilla exposed to LEP. The DPPH and ABTS radical activity in all the parts of perilla exposed to LEP were higher by approximately three-fold compared to that in the control (fluoresce lamp). The reducing power values of perilla significantly increased after treatment with LEP. In addition, all the extract of perilla plants exposed to LEP promoted the tyrosinase inhibitory activity. These results suggest that LEP can be an important artificial light source for enhancement of biological activity. Conclusions: LEP could promote whitening and antioxidant activity of perilla.

Background: We investigated the optimal aqueous extraction conditions for recovery of high yields of total phenolic compounds from roots of Arctium lappa L. (burdock, Asteraceae), and we compared their antioxidant capacity.Methods and Results: The antioxidant activity of the extracts was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays. In addition, the major phenolic compounds present in the extracts were determined by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Our results suggest that the roasted burdock 100°C, 15 min extract exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activity and possessed the highest concentration of phenolic compounds. The polyphenol content of both dried burdock and roasted burdock significantly increased with increase in the extraction temperature and time.Conclusions: These results indicated a relationship between phenolic compound levels in burdock and their free radical scavenging activities. This suggests that phenolic compounds significantly increase the antioxidant potential of burdock extracts.

The purpose of this study was to determine the content of phenolics and various anthocyanin compounds, and antioxidant and anticancer activities of the extracts from pomergranates, which were produced in two different regions including Goheung, Korea and California, USA. These pomergrantes were divided into juice, pericarp, and seed parts and each part was extracted with 95% methanol. Content of total phenolics [mg chlorogenic acid equivalents/kg DW] was highest in pericarp, followed by juice and seeds from pomergrantes in both regions. The anthocyanins identified in pomegranate fruit were cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside chloride (Cy3,5G), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside chloride (Cy3G), delphini din-3,5-di-O-glucoside chloride (Dp3,5G), delphinidin-3-O-glucoside chloride (Dp3G), pelargonidin- 3,5-di-glucoside chloride (Pg3,5G), and pelargonidin-3-glucoside chloride (Pg3G). Among these, cyanidin-3, 5-diglucoside chloride (Cy3,5G) was the major anthocyanin in California pomegranate fruit juice and Goheung pomegranate fruit pericarp. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical) free radical scavenging activity was dose-dependently increased, and was higher in pericarp part than juice or seed parts from pomergrantes in both regions. By MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, pericarp extracts from pomergrantes in both regions showed the highest anticancer activity, which was higher on Calu-6 for human pulmonary carcinoma than SNU-601 for human gastric carcinoma. Correlation between polyphenols and anticancer activity on Calu-6 was determined to be in the range of r2=0.8904 to 0.9706.

본 연구에서는 드럼스틱 잎 추출물과 분획들의 항산화 활성 및 HaCaT 세포와 적혈구 세포에서의 세포보 호효과를 측정하였다. 모든 실험은 드럼스틱 잎의 50% 에탄올 추출물, 에틸아세테이트 분획 및 아글리콘 분획 을 이용하였다. 1,1-Diphenyl-2–picrylhydrazyl radical을 이용한 자유 라디칼 소거 활성(FSC50)은 50% 에 탄올 추출물(77.10 μ g/mL) < 에틸아세테이트 분획(20.63 μ g/mL) < 아글리콘 분획(17.00 μ g/mL) 순으로 증가하였다. 루미놀을 이용한 Fe3+-EDTA/H2O2계에서의 활성산소 소거 활성(총항산화능, OSC50)은 아글리콘 분획의 OSC50 값이 0.63 μ g/mL로 추출물 중 가장 큰 항산화능이 나타났으며, 이는 L-ascorbic acid (1.50 μ g/mL)의 항산화 활성보다 컸다. 1O2로 유도된 적혈구 세포 손상에 있어서 50% 에탄올 추출물 및 아글리콘 분획의 세포 보호 효과(τ50)는 10 μ g/mL에서 각각 46.9 및 122.1 min을 나타냈다. 이는 지용성 항산화제로 알려진 (+)-α-tocopherol (37.7 min)보다도 훨씬 큰 세포 보호 활성을 보여주었다. 400 mJ/cm2의 UVB를 HaCaT 세포에 조사하여 세포손상을 유도한 후 에틸아세테이트 분획 및 아글리콘 분획은 0.20 ∼ 1.56 μ g/mL 농도에서 농도 의존적으로 세포보호효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과들은 자외선에 노출된 피부에서 드럼스틱 잎 추출물과 분획들이 ROS 소거를 통하여 세포를 보호함으로서 화장품에서 천연 항산화제로서 사용 가능함을 시사하였다.