본 연구는 사과 잎 추출물의 화장품 소재로 응용하기 위한 가능성을 평가하기 위하여 에탄올 70%로 추출하여 실험을 진행하였다. 사과 잎 추출물을 GC/MS로 분석하였고, 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 함량과 DPPH radical 소거 활성을 통하여 항산화, 세포생존율(MTT assay) 확인을 통한 독성 평가를 하였으며, Nitric oxide (NO) 생성 저해 측정을 통해 사과 잎 추출물을 처리한 군에 4.6배의 NO 생성량이 감소하는 것을 확인하였고, 항염효과를 알아보았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 78.80 ± 0.25 ㎎/g, 총 플라보노이드 65.25±6.62 ㎎/g로 나타났다. DPPH radical 소거 활성은 추출물 농도 0.25%에서 79.8± 0.99%, 0.5%에서 88.13±0.89%, 1%에서 96.83±2.00%로 소거능이 증가함을 확인하였다. 세포 생존율 평가는 고농도인 1000 ppm 농도에서도 91.19±3.49%로 80% 이상의 생존률을 확인하였다. GC-MS 성분분석 결과 catechol(5.65%), DL-Gluciol(12.05%), Ascorbicacid(2.41%) ,Phytol(13.88%), Hexanoic acid(5.47%) 등 항산화 화장품 소재로 활용이 사료된다. 이에 실험 결과 사과 잎 추출물을 이용한 천연 기능성 화장품 소재 개발에 있어 중요한 기초 자료로 이용되고자 한다.

본 연구는 화장품 소재로서 양하의 가능성을 확인하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 우리는 양하 추출물을 사용하여 항산화, 항염증, 주름개선 효과에 대한 생리 활성 평가를 실시하였다. 이 실험을 하기 위해, 양하꽃 추출물 (ZMF)과 양하잎 추출물 (ZML)을 70% 에탄올로 추출하였다. 항염증 효과를 알아보기 위해 macrophage (Raw 264.7)를 이용해 시료의 세포독성 평가와 nitric oxide 저해능을 측정 하였다. ZMF과 ZML의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS+ 라디칼 소거능, SOD) 유사 활성 측정 결과 농도 의존적으로 활성이 증가하였다. ZMF는 ABTS+ radical scavenging activity와 superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity 측정 결과 ZML보다 높은 항산화 활성을 보였다. NO 저해능 측정 결과에 따르면 ZMF는 농도 의존적으로 NO가 저해되어 우수한 항염증 효과를 나타냈다. ZMF의 pro-collagen type-1 합성량은 25 μg/ml에서 110% 이상의 우수한 효과를 나타내었으며, MMP-1 저해능은 25 μg/ml에서 20%의 활성을 나타냈다. 이 결과로 ZMF는 주름개선용 화장품 소재로 응용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 항산화, 항염증, 주름개선 평가 결과, 양하의 생리 활성 효과가 검증되었으므로 천연 화장품 재료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Powderization is a promising way to enhance the usability of fruits. Persimmon is one of the most popular fruits in Korea, but its usability is quite limited due to its high moisture content and seasonal availability. The objective of this study is to powderize a persimmon extract by spray drying and to examine the effects of resistant maltodextrin (RMD) and its mixtures with gum arabic (GA) as biopolymeric drying aids on the yield, moisture content, and water activity of resulting persimmon powder. Maltodextrin (MD) and its mixtures with GA were also used for comparison purpose. The feed solutions for spray drying were prepared by adding RMD, MD, GA or their mixtures (RMD:GA=9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5; MD:GA=5:5 and 1.7:8.3) to persimmon extract at a concentration of 30% (w/w) (40% (w/w) total solid). The inlet temperature, air flow rate, atomizing pressure, and feeding rate for spray drying were set as 140 °C, 0.40 m3/min, 100 kPa, and 270 mL/h, respectively. Among the three biopolymers, the highest drying yield (51%) was obtained when RMD was added, followed by GA-added (34%) and MD-added (21%) powders. However, the RMD-added powder was sticky and caused bag filter blockage. Among the biopolymer mixtures, the highest yield (56%) was obtained when the RMD–GA mixture (7:3) was added, and no serious powder stickiness was visually observed. The powder prepared with RMD or MD only yielded very low values of moisture content (1.5-2.0%) and water activity (0.09-0.10), and the values increased when GA was added together. This study demonstrated that the RMD–GA mixture is an effective drying aid for the spray drying of persimmon extract, which is highly sticky and not able to be spray-dried alone.

In this study, the antioxidative activity of Jeolpyun containing S. glauca (Bunge) Bunge powder (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) and extract (2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) was evaluated based on the total polyphenol contents, electron-donating ability, scavenging of superoxide anion radical, and decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Total polyphenol contents of Jeolpyun containing 8% S. glauca (Bunge) Bunge powder were the highest with a value of 2,280±0.00 μg GAE/mL. It was observed that total polyphenol content exhibited a significant relation with concentrations at p<0.05. The electron-donating ability of Jeolpyun containing 8% S. glauca (Bunge) Bunge extract was the highest with a value of 83.93±0.69%. The electron-donating abilities revealed significant differences between concentrations (p<0.05). The superoxide radical scavenging ability of the blank was 0.01523±0.00068 and Jeolpyun containing 6% S. glauca (Bunge) Bunge powder was the highest with a value of 0.00977±0.00842. The hydrogen peroxide decomposing ability of Jeolpyun containing 0% S. glauca (Bunge) Bunge powder was －0.00377±0.0049; 8% S. glauca (Bunge) Bunge powder revealed the highest decomposing ability of －0.0476±0.0234. Hydrogen peroxide decomposing abilities revealed significant differences between concentrations (p<0.05). Jeolpyun containing S. glauca (Bunge) Bunge powder and extract demonstrated improved antioxidative activities.

In this study, hot water and ethanol, acetone, and hexane extracts of the steamed Deodeok were investigated for use as raw materials for natural cosmetics. Hot water and ethanol, acetone and hexane extracts of steamed Deodeok did not indicate cell toxicity up to 300 μg/mL concentration in the MTT assay. The tyrosinase inhibition effects of the ethanol extract were higher than the ascorbic acid. The efficacy of the steamed Deodeok's ethanol extract on the elastase inhibition was similar to that of quercetin at higher concentrations. In conclusion, water, ethanol, acetone and hexane extracts of the steamed Deodeok indicated strong possibility as a whitening and anti-wrinkle functional cosmetic ingredient. Among them, the steamed Deodeok's ethanol extract, which showed excellent activity, is highly available because it has high safety compared to other organic solvent extraction methods used in cosmetics, and has minimal irritation to the skin.

We evaluated the protective effects of cricket methanol extract (CME) on ultra-violet B (UVB)-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. The fibroblast cells were treated with 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL of CME for 24 h, and then exposed to UVB (30 mJ/cm2). CME showed a dose-dependent cytoprotective effect without any observable cytotoxicity. CME reduced UVB-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 34.4, 34.9, 40.6% at concentrations of 10, 50, 100 μg/mL respectively. CME inhibited the release of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 and 3. Furthermore, CME also reduced UVB-induced collagen degradation in the fibroblast cells. Taken together, our data suggests that CME has a significant protective effect on UVB-induced photoaging of the skin. This benefit occurs through multiple mechanisms. The results also suggest a potential role for CME as an ingredient in anti-photoaging cosmetic products in the future.

Melia azedarach is commonly used in traditional and folk medicine in Korea and China to treat a variety of diseases including diarrheal, diabetic, rheumatic, and hypertensive disease. The aim of this study was to determine the potential prophylactic and therapeutic effects of Melia azedarach against a broad spectrum of viruses in in vitro cell culture model and the protective effect against different influenza A subtypes in BALB/c mice model. An effective dose of pre-treatment, co-treatment, and post-treatment of Melia azedarach significantly reduced the replication of coxsackievirus, herpes simplex virus, influenza A virus, enterovirus, and bovine rhinovirus in both epithelial and macrophage cell lines. Melia azedarach treatment remarkably promoted the phosphorylation of the key molecules associated with the type-1 interferon and NF-κB signaling pathways. Furthermore, it induced the secretion of type-1 interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokines and the subsequent stimulation of the antiviral state in both epithelial and macrophage cells. Interestingly, oral inoculation of an effective dose of herb extract significantly improved viral clearance in the lungs of BALB/c mice, thus exhibiting protection against several subtypes of influenza A virus. Together with our results indicate that an extracts of Melia azedarach and its components could exhibit a potential natural source of an antiviral drug candidate for a broad spectrum of viruses in animal and humans.

This study investigated the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Salmonella (S.) typhimurium and Escherichia (E.) coli O157:H7, and skin irritation in New Zealand white rabbits using methanol extracts of Curcuma (C.) aromatica Salisb. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of C. aromatica extracts against S. aureus, S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 was 0.250, 0.250 and 0.125 mg/ml, respectively, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts against S. aureus, S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 was 0.50, 0.50, 0.250 mg/ml, correspondingly. From the skin irritation test, extremely minor erythema and very slight edema were formed at 24 h after application of the extracts on the skin on abraded lesions of 2 and 1 rabbits, respectively. The primary irritation index score was estimated to be 0.13 indicating non-irritation. In conclusion, this study suggests that C. aromatica extract has the antibacterial activity against major food-borne pathogens and is not irritant to skin.

본 연구에서는 기능성 화장품의 소재로서의 금전초(Lysimachia christinae Hance)의 항산화와 항주름 효과를 조사하였다. 최근 천연물의 주름 개선 개발의 연구가 지속적인 관심을 받고 있어 본 연구를 통해 활성산소종(reactive oxygen species, ROS) 생성과 pro-collagen 합성 및 MMPs의 연관성에 대해 알아보았다. 금전초는 70% 에탄올(LcHE)과 열수(LcHW)로 각각 추출하여 실험을 진행하였다. HaCaT cells에서 LcHE가 LcHW보다 ROS 저해효능이 더 우수하고 세포독성 결과 250 μg/mL 농도 까지 독성을 보이지 않아 LcHE를 선택하여 주름 개선 소재연구를 진행하였다. pro-collagen 합성실험을 통하여 UVB에 의해 감소된 type-1 pro-collagen의 합성 활성을 유의미하게 확인하였다. Western blot 실험을 통하여 피부세포에서 UVB에 의해 유도된 MMPs 중 MMP-1 -3 -9의 증가를 억제함을 확인하였으며, Real time PCR을 통하여 상위단계인 mRNA levels에서도 MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9의 mRNA levels가 농도 의존적으로 유의미한 감소를 보여 추출물의 효능을 확인하였다. 위의 실험결과에 따라 UVB에 의한 주름생성과 피부 광노화를 효과적으로 예방할 수 있는 화장품의 천연소재로서의 이용이 기대된다.

Streptozotocin(STZ)을 45mg/kg.b.w의 용량으로 흰쥐의 미정맥에 투여 한 후 당뇨병이 유발된 당뇨 흰쥐에게 1일 1회 7일간 1,000mg/kg,b.w의 용량으로 황백에탄올 추출물을 투여 후 glucose 함량과 당대사에 관여하는 효소인 glucose-6-phosphatase(G-6-Pase), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G-6-PDH, glucokinase(GK)활성과 glycogen 함량을 측정한 결과 황백 에탄올 추출물 투여군이 glucose 함량과 G-6-Pase 활성의 유의적인 감소를 나타내었으며 glycogen 함량과 G-6-PDH, GK의 활성은 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다. 이와 같이 황백 에탄올 추출물이 혈당강하 효과를 가졌다.

Evodiae Fructus is the dried unripe fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa, and has traditionally been used for treating stomachache and diarrhea. Evodiamine and rutaecarpine, the major biologically active compounds of Evodiae Fructus, are reported to have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as inhibit proliferation and metastasis of various cancer cells. The current study investigates the anti-oxidative and anti-cancer effects of the Evodiae Fructus extract, considering varying concentrations of methanol extraction (40, 80, and 95%). High contents of total phenolic compounds were determined in the order of extracts 80, 95, and 40%. Evaluating contents of the 95, 80, and 40% extracts revealed 36.77, 7.29, and 1.86 μg/mg evodiamine, respectively, and 53.02, 17.16, and 3.79 μg/mg rutaecarpine, respectively, with the highest content of both compounds obtained in the 95% extract. DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed to be inversely proportional to the contents of total phenolic compounds, with decreasing SC50 values obtained in the order 80, 95, and 40% extract. The 95 and 80% extracts exerted toxicity to AGS gastric cancer cells, but the 40% extract was non-toxic. Evodiamine is a known anti-cancer agent, and could be responsible for the observed toxicity. Cleavage of PARP, and Caspase-3, -7, -8 and -9 was observed in the 95% extract-treated AGS cells, indicating that cell toxicity exerted by the 95% extract could be attributed to apoptosis.

This study was designed to evaluate the improvement in exercise endurance by Hovenia dulcis fruit hot water extract (HDWE) for the potential application as a functional food material. The effect was based on the evaluation of the forced-swimming capacity and changes in biochemical parameters in mice. Six-week-old mice were classified into four groups based on a randomized block design: the negative control group, the HDWE 50 mg/kg body weight group, the HDWE 200 mg/kg body weight group, and the 1-octacosanol 50 mg/kg body weight group (n=8 mice per group). The swimming exercise time in the HDWE-50 group was increased at 545±43 sec compared to the control group at 263±28 sec. The HDWE-200 fatigue indicators, lactate acid and ammonia content, decreased to 4.99±0.33 mg/mL and 0.63±0.05 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the content of glycogen in the liver and muscle tended to increase in the group administered HDWE but was not significant. Likewise, the LDH and glucose contents were increased compared to the control group. The muscle damage indicators ALT (52.7±2.6 U/L) and AST (42.5±5.2 U/L) tended to decrease compared to the control group (76.4±10.2 U/L).