유연도법 섬유요소모델을 통하여 반복하중을 받는 철근콘크리트 교각의 비탄성 이력 거동을 추적하고 직접적인 방법에 의해 변위연성도 평가를 수행하였다. 철근 콘크리트 교각의 극한상태까지의 비탄성 거동을 합리적으로 추적하기 위해 인장강성거동, 기둥-기초면의 불연속 변위 등을 고려하여 철근과 콘크리트의 평균응력-평균변형률 관계, 접촉면요소 등을 실험과 잘 일치하는 기존의 해석 모델을 수정, 적용하였다. 또한 수치해석시 간편하게 적용할 수 있는 직접적인 방법에 의하여 교각의 연성능력을 평가하였으며, 항복변위 및 극한변위의 산출에 영향을 미치는 적분점의 위치, 콘크리트 압쇄 후 강루 철근의 low-cycle fatigue에 의한 파단 시점 등에 대하여 유연도법 섬유요소모델에 적용할 수 있는 값들을 제시하였다. 해석에 의한 변위연성도는 10%이내의 오차를 보이므로, 적용한 해석기법 및 모델에 의한 항복변위 및 극한변위의 평가는 타당하다고 할 수 있다.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of sensory integrative procedures in promoting postural control, bilateral coordination and motor planning outcomes in child with developmental delay. Design: A single-subject ABA research design. Setting: Early Intervention Center of University. Participant: A 7-year-old boy with developmental delay. Interventions: Sensory integrative procedure. The subject was tested four times before, four times during, and three times after intervention. Main Outcome Measure: Part of subtests of DeGangi-Berl Test of Sensory Integration, Bruininks-Oseretsky Motor Proficiency and Sensory Integration and Praxis Test. Result: Postural control and motor planning are effected on sensory integrative procedure. Bilateral coordination did not change by this study. The quality of performance was increased by the therapy.

Objective: To explore the effect of a eye patching technique in order to decrease patients’ unilateral neglect. For this study, eye patching is easy to get and a simple method that most patients find acceptable. Method: This study used the ABA design. The subject was a male patient at the age of 66 who had the left hemiplegia and left unilateral neglect caused by right cerebral vascular accident. He was required to wear the eye patching on the right eye during all the period of ADL because unilateral neglect causes many problems in the majority of ADL. The assessments for the unilateral neglect had been performed by the Line bisection and the Albert test once a session (day). Results: Regarding the Means of the errors to the Line bisection and the Albert test, the Means of the errors was decreased during the period of the intervention (B) and was decreased after the withdrawal (A'). Conclusions: Right monocular patching was effective to release the unilateral neglect. Further study is necessary to increase the sample size and the duration of experiments.

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to study the effect of typing speed and accuracy according to 4 different typing aids on computer keyboard and mouse use. Method: The subjects of this study were 11 of C6∼C7 complete injury patients who had been over six months after injury, and four style of the typing aids, finger, slip-on, band, and modified finger, were used in this study. Each data of typing aid was collected by measuring typing speed and accuracy and analysed with SPSS 10.0. Results: The measured result according to 4 typing aids in typing speed showed that a modified finger typing aid was 41.09 as the highest performance and a bend typing aid was 33.27 as the lowest performance. The typing speed through styles was statistically significant(p<0.05). The measured result according to typing aid style in typing accuracy showed that a bend typing aid was 96.45% as the highest performance and a finger typing aid was 95.45% as the lowest performance. The typing accuracy through styles was not statistically significant(p>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that modified typing aid seems to be the most efficient among four style of typing aids. Thus, modified typing aid can be an available typing aid having both functional and cosmetic factor for C6∼C7 complete injured patients. In the future use of the modified typing aid should be needed much more as well as its reevaluation should be performed.

본 연구에서는 부분적으로 정상상태 확률과정으로 모델링할 수 있는 가진입력에 대하여 확률적으로 정의된 구조물의 최대응답에 대한 구속조건을 만족시키면서 제어력을 최소화 할 수 있는 최적설계 방법을 제안한다. 최적화 과정에서 안정성의 확보를 위해 제어기를 전상태 피드백 LQR제어기의 형태로 한정하였으며 가중치 행렬을 설계변수로 하고 Riccati 행렬을 매개변수로 하여 목적함수와 구속조건 함수 및 그 기울기를 계산한다. 제안된 방법을 통해 설계된 전상태 피드백 LQR제어기는 목표 응답성능을 만족시킬 수 있었고 이에 필요한 최대 제어력을 확률적으로 정량화하여 제어금기의 제작에 유용한 자료가 될 수 있도록 하였다. 상태변수 추정을 위해 독립적으로 설계된 Kalman 필터와 최적화된 LQR 제어기가 결합된 LQG 제어기 및 그 차수를 축소시킨 제어기는 모두 큰 성능의 저하가 없었으며 따라서 제안된 설계방법을 이용하여 구조물의 최대응답에 관한 구속조건을 만족시키는 출력 피드백 제어기 설계가 충분히 가능함을 확인하였다.

QFD (Quality Function Deployment) was defined by the American Supplier Institute in 1987 as a system for translating consumer requirements into appropriate company requirements at every stage, from research, through product design and development, to manufacture, distribution, installation, and marketing, sales and services. Although QFD has complex and tedious procedure to complete, it has now been In use in the world for at least IS years because QFD enables us to catch a lot of fruitful information on the given system. The objective of this paper is to provide and analyze the trend on the choice of subject courses of university students using QFD. The data are collected by questionnaires. The samples for this study are randomly chosen from the universities in Seoul, Kangnung, and Samchok during 3 months (2000. 3 ~ 2000. 5) The results of this study will play an important role not only for service of students but also for opening of subject courses.

본 연구는 횡변위 구속조건을 받는 고층철골구조물의 이산형 최적설계를 위해 효율적인 쌍대알고리즘을 제시하고자 한다. 양함수형태의 횡변위 구속조건을 설정하기 위해 가상일의 원리가 적용되면 고층철골조의 설계변수의 수를 줄여주기 위해 쌍대알고리즘내에 단면특성관계식이 추가된다. 이 알고리즘의 검증을 위하여 횡하중을 받는 네 가지 형태의 고층철골조 예제가 제시되며, 반복과정에서 수렴된 최종물량을 기존의 최적설계방법과 비교해 봄으로써 제시된 알고리즘의 효율성이 검토된다.

Unilateral neglect has been the most considerable problem that affects the functional prognosis of CVA patients. The approaches to this symptom are both remedial and compensatory approach. Remedial approach is more valuable method than compensatory approach in terms of reducing the unilateral neglect originally. One of the method of remedial approach is controlled sensory stimulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of left visual stimuli for reducing the severity of unilateral neglect. The subject was a 40-year-old male patient who had left unilateral neglect. We have put blinking light in the left space of the patient while he performed the line bisection test before and after the stimulation. As a result, the stimulation was not distinctively effective to release the neglect. For further study. it is considered that the environment when stimulating, the strength and duration of stimulation must be controlled.

To improve the effect of balance training, visual feedback is usually used. During the training process there are some factors which decrease the effect. Neurophysiologically, the main negative factor is thought to be synaptic fatigue which decreases the sensitivity of synapses. The purpose of this study was to find a more effective balance training method. In this study, a total of 60 normal subjects-19~30 years old young males and females(M=30, F=30)-participated, and they were randomized as A, B, and C group, each group containing 20 subjects. First, all groups had a pre-test of sway balance. One minute later, A group was trained in sway balance by continuous visual feedback for 2 minutes, B group by intermittent visual feedback which had 4 sessions of 30 seconds each and a one minute rest break. C group was not trained at all. All groups had a post-test. Only B group had improved balance compared with C group by ANOVA. On the other hand, intermittent visual feedback was more effective than continuous visual feedback in sway balance training with normal subjects.ㅂ

The object of this study were twofold, namely, to study on (1) effect of using ultrasound therapy for curing warts (2) any relation between a cure for warts and onset of warts, as well as subject age. Our subjects, composed of 22 people from age 12 to 49, were assigned to two groups, experimental group and control group. We experimented for 8 session on 12 people in the experimental group by using ultrasound therapy to observe any morphological change in the warts or disappearance of a pain. However, we did not cure warts in the other group, control group. The result of the study are as follows. (1) Ultrasound therapy has an effect on curing warts. (2) Neither condition, onset of warts or subject age, had no influence on a cure for warts.

An A-B-A-C single subject research design was used to assess the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and inhibitive techniques on spasticity in a 10-year-old girl with cerebral palsy. Stimulation electrodes were placed over the sural nerve of the right leg. The standard method of cutaneous stimulation, TENS with impulse frequency of 100 Hz, was applied. Inhibitive techniques including stretch, antagonist contraction, and weight bearing were used. The tonus of the leg muscle was measured by means of a surface-EMG biofeedback unit. Visual analysis of data indicate that the child showed clinically significant reduction of spasticity in passive ankle movement following 30 minutes of TENS and inhibitive techniques application, respectively. The effect of TENS on spasticity inhibition was similar to that of inhibitive techniques. This result suggests that for this child with cerebral palsy, the application of TENS to the sural nerve may induce short-term post-stimulation inhibitory effects on the spasticity of cerebral palsy. Replication of this study with a more complex single-subject design involving more subjects is recommended to confirm this result.

This paper was made for the purpose of research for direction on earth science subject matter of high school in Korea. For this purpose, we 1) reviewed the essence of science and goals and contents of science education, 2) reviewed the change of education of earth science subject matter, 3) investigated earth science teacher's opinion by questionnaire. The results were as follows: 1. Earth science subject matter must provide to students scientific process and knowledge - Process : to promote student's concerns for an interest in nature surrounding them, to help students develop and method in solving problems and its application for problem solving, recognition of variables of scientific method, to promote fundamental experiment and skills for scientific inquiry, etc. - Knowledge : provide systematic knowledge than simple rote, to help students understand concepts of recent scientific knowledge, contains STS, etc. 2. Earth science education must consider educational philosophy and educational psychology education of scientific literacy, partial professional education, conformity of development stage, sequence between school levels, attitudes to adaptation of scientific knowledge, method, skills and problem solving toward future positive attitudes to science, moral sense of science, minimum essense and difference of lines, open of upper limit, understanding the specific character of earth science, scientific knowledge development continuously, relationships of other subject matter, etc.

The purpose of the study is to provide meaningful suggestions according to the theoretical backgrounds and the scholastic characteristics and the present status of earth science education as a field of subject lesson education. Based on the results presented, the following are the conclusions and suggestions of this study. 1. Based on the scholastic characteristics, earth science plays a role as a subject content education, and earth science education functions a leading part as a subject lesson education. Accordingly, this might be an essential field for training earth science teacher with education. 2. It is thought that the educational goals of the department of earthscience education might be trained to be in an earth science educator rather than earth scientist or natural scientist. 3. It is thought that the solid background to the subject contents is essential for becoming earth science teacher. For the reason, the curriculum for training earth science teachers needs to be reformed to what extent like the criterion of the department of natural science. If it is really in a difficult matter, it might be effective for training earth science teacher to take the course work of science content related in the department of natural science under the equal circumstances. 4. It is considered that the curriculum of the department of earth science education might be organized according to the integrated subject lesson education rather than separate subject content education. 5. It is thought that the suggestions presented above will be accepted as the real worth of teacher training school and its pursuing goals are recognized as it is.

The general aspects of the selection of science subjects for the enterance examination of college and the factors affecting on tendency of the selection were investigated by using the data of registration records from a preparatory school for examinees. Major findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, most of the students choose biology and the rest of them chemistry, earth science and physics in order. Secondly, the difference of the tendency of selection of subjects for male and female students are not found. Thirdly, the correlation between the score of the national preliminary enterance examination for college and that of the trial examination in preparatory school is neglibibly small.

The addressee honorification marker si-marked predicate in Korean must have an honorific vocative element in Spec-Voc in order for the unchecked feature of the addressee honorification marker si on Voc to be discharged in the Spec-head relation with the vocative element in Spec-Voc in the concept of Chomsky's (1995) Minimalist Program, which induces the addressee honorification at the speech level. The unchecked feature of the addressee honorification marker si-ess-upnita/sey-yo) percolates from T to Voc. At this point, VocP is above CP, which is why addressee honorification and impersonal subject honorification cannot appear in the embedded clause in Korean. Imperatives with quantificational subjects in English can exhibit, in addition to second person pronouns, third person pronouns as well. This is because a bound element exhibits either the person feature of the partitive phrase binding second or third person pronoun, or default third person value, which is against S. Park (2020).

기존의 교사양성모델은 교과내용학을 위주로 하기 때문에 상대적으로 교육의 전문성을 소홀히 다룰 수밖에 없었다. 이러한 약점을 보완하기 위하여 PCK, TPACK 등이 제안되었지만, 교육을 교과내용 습득의 도구로 여김으로써 교사의 전문성 쇄신에 충분히 부응하지 못하고 있다. 이런 한계를 극복하려면 교육을 교과운용에 필요한 전문적인 활동영역으로 인정하고, 교육의 내적 법칙과 원리를 이론적으로 해명하는 작업이 필연적으로 요청된다. 이 글에서는 교과내용과 교육능력을 소재로 활용하는 통합적 접근에 의거하여 교과전문가이자 교육전문가로서 교사양성의 실질적 기반을 마련하고, 그 실현요건으로서 메타교육의 활성화와 교육여건을 확충할 필요를 논의하였다.