In this study, we used coal-based activated carbons and charcoal as startingmaterials, phenolic resin (PR) as a binder, and TOS as a titanium source to prepare TiO2 combining spherical shaped activated carbon photocatalysts. The textural properties of the activated carbon photocatalysts (SACP) were characterized by specific surface area (BET), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), iodine adsorption, strength intensity, and pressure drop. The photocatalytic activities of the SACPs were characterized by degradation of the organic dyes Methylene Blue (MB), Methylene Orange (MO), and Rhodamine B (Rh. B) and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) experiment. The surface properties are shown by SEM. The XRD patterns of the composites showed that the SACP composite contained a typical single, clear anatase phase. The EDX spectro for the elemental indentification showed the presence of C and O with Ti peaks. According to the results, the spherical activated carbon photocatalysts sample of AOP prepared with activated carbon formed the best spherical shape, a high BET surface area, iodine adsorption capability and strength value, and the lowest pressure drop, and the photocatalytic activity was better than samples prepared with charcoal. We compared the degradation effects among three kinds of dyes. MB solution degraded with the SACP is better than any other dye solutions.

Titanium dioxide (), which is one of the most basic materials in our daily life, plays a key role for environment purification. We synthesized nanoparticles by the hydrolysis reactions of titanium tetraisopropoxide using as a peptizing agent or as a chelating agent in the sol-gel method. The powder consisted of a rod shape or a spherical shape according to the concentration and kind of acid. The physical properties of nanoparticles were investigated with X-ray diffraction, SEM, BET analysis, and UV-Vis spectrophotometer.

본 연구에서는 대기오염물질인 유해 황산화물 가스를 이산화티탄 촉매 반응기와 연면 방전 반응기를 조합한 반응기에서 플라즈마 방전반응에 의하여 주파수 변화, 체류시간, 전극의 굵기, 첨가 모의가스 등의 공정 변수를 변화 시켜 분해제거 실험을 하였다. 실험 결과 황산화물의 분해제거 실험에서 주파수 10kHz에서 소비전력 19W에서 분해제거율은 99%이었으며 이산화티탄 촉매반응기를 부착한 경우가 없는 경우보다 5%이상 증가효과가 이었다. 첨가가스로 메탄을 첨가

In this study, activated carbon (AC) as a carbon source was modified with different concentrations of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to prepare a Co-AC composite, and it was used for the preparation of Co-AC/TiO2 composites with titanium oxysulfate (TOS) as the titanium precursor. The physicochemical properties of the prepared Co-AC/TiO2 composites were characterized by N2 adsorption at 77 K, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The photocatalytic treatments of organic dyes were examined under an irradiation of visible light with different irradiation times. N2 adsorption data showed that the composites had decreased surface area compared with the pristine AC, which was 389 m2/g. From the XRD results, the Co-AC/TiO2 composites contained a mixturephase structuresof anatase and rutile, but a cobalt oxide phase was not detected in the XRD pattern. The EDX results of the Co-AC/TiO2 composites confirmed the presence of various elements, namely, C, O, Ti, and Co. Subsequently, the decomposition of methylene orange (MO, C14H14N3NaO3S) and rhodamine B (Rh.B, C28H31ClN2O3) in an aqueous solution, respectively, showed the combined effects of an adsorption effect by AC and the photo degradation effect by TiO2. Especially, the Co particles in the Co-AC/TiO2 composites could enhance the photo degradation behaviors of TiO2 under visible light.

A carbon doped (C-) photocatalyst, which shows good photocatalytic activity to Ultraviolet irradiation and visible irradiation, was successfully prepared by co-grinding of with ethanol or Activated Carbon(C), followed by heat treatment at in air for 60 min. Ethanol and C were used as a representative agent of liquid and solid for carbon doping. Their influence on improving photocatalytic ability and carbon doping degree was studied with degradation of methyl orange and XPS analysis. The product prepared by co-grinding of with Ethanol had Ti-C and C-O chemical bonds and showed higher photocatalytic activity than the product prepared by co-grinding of with C, where just C-O chemical bond existed. As a result, mechanochemical route is useful to prepare a carbon doped photocatalyst activating to visible irradiation, where the solid-liquid operation is more effective than solid-solid operation to obtain a carbon doped .

For the present paper, we prepared MgO/MWCNT/TiO2 photocatalyst by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) pre-oxidized by m-chlorperbenzoic acid (MCPBA) with magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (Mg(CH2COO)2·4H2O)and titanium n-butoxide (TiOC(CH3)34) as magnesium and titanium precursors. The prepared photocatalyst was analyzed byX-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The decompositionof methylene blue (MB) solution was determined under irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) light. The XRD results show that theMgO/MWCNT/TiO2 photocatalyst have cubic MgO structure and anatase TiO2 structure. The porous structure and the TiO2agglomerate coated on the MgO/MWCNT composite can be observed in SEM images. The Mg, O, Ti and C elements can bealso observed in MgO/MWCNT/TiO2 photocatalyst from EDX results. The results of photodegradation of MB solution under UVlight show that the concentration of MB solution decreased with an increase of UV irradiation time for all of the samples. Also,the MgO/MWCNT/TiO2 photocatalyst has the best photocatalytic activity among these samples. It can be considered that theMgO/MWCNT/TiO2 photocatalyst had a combined effect, the effect of MWCNT, which could absorb UV light to create photo-induced electrons (e−), and the electron trapping effect of MgO, which resulted in an increase of the photocatalytic activity of TiO2.

본 연구에서는 TiO2 나노입자로 표면침적된 polyethersulfone (PES) 정밀여과 분리막이 자연유기물로 인한 분리막 막힘현상(파울링)에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. TiO2 나노입자로 표면침적된 PES 정밀여과 분리막의 자연유기물 파울링 거동에 TiO2 나노입자의 결정구조와 용액의 pH 그리고 Ca+2이 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 연구결과, TiO2 나노입자로 표면 개질된 정밀여과 분리막은 자연유기물에 의한 파울링 현상을 현저하게 감소시킬 수 있음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 그러나 이와같은 현상은 TiO2 나노입자의 결정구조와 용액의 성상에 매우 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 자연유기물 파울링의 감소는 결정구조가 상대적으로 불안정한 anatase TiO2 나노입자를 분리막에 표면침적 시, 용액 중 Ca+2이 존재하지 않을 때 상대적으로 높은 pH에서 효과적인 것으로 관찰되었다. 그러나 Ca+2의 첨가 시 이와 같은 효과는 높은 pH에서 더욱 증가할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 반면, 결정구조가 상대적으로 안정한 rutile TiO2 나노입자의 경우 자연유기물의 파울링 감소는 용액의 조성에 큰 영향을 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

Functional Concrete Added Titanium Dioxide(TIO2) for photocatalysis was about a result strength Reduction by recent studies. Therefore, The purpose of the study is to review the possibility of TIO2 for using concrete admixture. As a result, Nano TIO2 for concrete admixture helps increased strength of concrete and here are some of the details. The compressive strength and flexural strength of cement mortar added same amount of Nano SF and TIO2 for admixture were development of strength a certain level each other. when Nano admixture use 10%, SF and TIO2 showed development of strength 60% and 40% each other gradually. If I use over 10% Both SF and TIO2, they showed irregular strength variations.

Self-standing TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated by potentiostatic anodic oxidation method using pure Ti foil as a working electrode and ethylene glycol solution as electrolytes with small addition of NH4F and H2O. The influences of anodization temperature and time on the morphology and formation of TiO2 nanotube arrays were investigated. The fabricated TiO2 nanotube arrays were applied as a photoelectrode to dye-sensitized solar cells. Regardless of anodizing temperature and time, the average diameter and wall thickness of TiO2 nanotube show a similar value, whereas the thickness show a different trend with reaction temperature. The thickness of TiO2 nanotube arrays anodized at 20℃ and 30℃ was time-dependent, but on the other hand its at 10℃ are independent of anodization time. The conversion efficiency is low, which is due to a morphology breaking of the TiO2 nanotube arrays in manufacturing process of photoelectrode.

The composite photocatalysts of a Fe-modified carbon nanotube (CNT)-TiO2 were synthesized by a two-step sol-gel method at high temperature. Its chemical composition and surface properties were investigated by BET surface area, scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The results showed that the BET surface area was improved by modification of Fe, which was related to the adsorption capacity for each composite. Interesting thin layer aggregates of nanosized TiO2 were observed from TEM images, probably stabilized by the presence of CNT, and the surface and structural characterization of the samples was carried out. The XRD results showed that the Fe/CNT-TiO2 composites contained a mix of anatase and rutile forms of TiO2 particles when the precursor is TiOSO4·xH2O (TOS). An excellent photocatalytic activity of Fe/CNT-TiO2 was obtained for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible light irradiation. It was considered that Fe cation could be doped into the matrix of TiO2, which could hinder the recombination rate of the excited electrons/holes. The photocatalytic activity of the composites was also found to depend on the presence of CNT. The synergistic effects among the Fe, CNT and TiO2 components were responsible for improving the visible light photocatalytic activity.

In this paper, Fe-TiO2 and Fe-fullerene/TiO2 composite photocatalysts were prepared with titanium (IV) n-butoxide (TNB) by a sol-gel method. TiO2, Fe-TiO2 and Fe-fullerene/TiO2 were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), specific surface area (BET), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the photocatalytic oxidation of methylene blue (MB) solution. XRD patterns of the composites showed that the photocatalyst composite contained a typical single and clear anatase phase. The surface properties shown by SEM presented a characterization of the texture on Fe-fullerene/TiO2 composites and showed a homogenous composition in the particles for the titanium sources used. The EDX spectra for the elemental identification showed the presence of O, C and Ti elements. Moreover, peaks of the Fe element were observed in the Fe-TiO2 and Fe-fullerene/TiO2 composites. The degradation of MB solution by UV-light irradiation in the presence of photocatalyst compounds was investigated in complete darkness. The degradation of MB concentration in aqueous solution occurred via three kinds of physical phenomena: quantum efficiency of the fullerene; organo-metallic reaction of the Fe compound; and decomposition of TiO2. The degradation rate of the methylene blue solution increased when using Fe-fullerene/TiO2 compounds.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles deposited on different quantitative Fe-treated carbon nanotube (CNT) composites with high photocatalytic activity of visible light were prepared by a modified sol-gel method using TNB as a titanium source. The composites were characterized by BET, XRD, SEM, TEM and EDX, which showed that the BET surface area was related to the adsorption capacity for each composite. From TEM images, surface and structural characterization of for the CNT surface had been carried out. The XRD results showed that the Fe-ACF/TiO2 composite mostly contained an anatase structure with a Fe-mediated compound. EDX results showed the presence of C, O, and Ti with Fe peaks in the Fe-CNT/TiO2 composites. The photocatalytic activity of the composites was examined by degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution under visible light, which was found to depend on the amount of CNT. The highest photocatalytic activity among the different composites was related to the optimal content of CNT in the Fe-CNT/TiO2 composites. In particular, the photocatalytic activity of the Fe-CNT/TiO2 composites under visible light was better than that of the CNT/TiO2 composites due to the introduction of Fe particles.

Titanium dioxide particles are used as photocatalysts, sensors, adsorbents and catalyst. Core-shell polymers of inorganic/organic pair, which have both core and shell component, were synthesized by sequential emulsion polymerization using Acrylate as a shell monomer and potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. We found that when Acrylate core prepared by adding 0.5~2.0 wt% EU-S133D, Titanium dioxide / Acrylate core-shell polymerization was carried out on the surface of Titanium dioxide particle without forming the new Titanium dioxide particle during acrylate shell polymerized in the inorganic/organic core-shell polymer preparation. The structure of core-shell polymer were investigated by measuring to the thermal decomposition of polymer composite using thermogravimetric analyzer(TGA) and morphology of latex by scanning electron microscope(SEM).

원자전달 라디칼 중합을 이용하여 poly(styrene sulfonic acid) 47 wt%를 가진 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)-g-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (P(VDF-co-CTFE)-g-PSSA) 가지형 공중합체를 합성하였다. 티타늄 아이소프로폭사이드(TTIP)와 가지형 공중합체를 졸-겔 공정을 통하여 TiO2/가지형 공중합체 복합막을 제조하였다. TTIP는 가지형 공중합체의 친수성을 가진 PSSA 영역에만 선택적으로 결합하였으며 그곳에 TiO2 나노 입자가 형성되어 성장하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 적외선과 자외선 분광학으로 확인할 수 있다. 함수량과 이온 교환 능력 (IEC)는 TTIP의 함량에 따라 감소하였고 이것은 막이 가진 술폰산의 수가 감소하기 때문이었다. TTIP가 5 중량%일 때, 막의 기계적 강도는 증가하고 수소이온 전도도도 유지되었다.

Methylene blue (MB) was degraded by TiO2 and ZnO deposited on an activated carbon fiber (ACF) surface under UV light. The ACF/TiO2 and ACF/ZnO composites were characterized by BET, SEM, XRD, and EDX. The BET surface area was related to the adsorption capacity for composites. The SEM results showed that titanium dioxide and zinc oxide are distributed on the ACF surface. The XRD results showed that the ACF/TiO2 and ACF/ZnO composites contained a unique anatase structure for TiO2 and a typical hexagonal phase for ZnO respectively. These EDX spectra showed the presence of peaks of Ti element on ACF/TiO2 composite and peaks of Zn element on the ACF/ZnO composite. The blank experiments for either illuminating the MB solution or the suspension containing ACF/TiO2 or ACF/ZnO in the dark showed that both illumination and the catalyst were necessary for the mineralization of organic dye. Additionally, the ACF/TiO2 composites proved to be efficient photocatalysts due to degradation of MB at higher reaction rates. The addition of an oxidant ([NH4]2S2O8) led to an increase of the degradation rate of MB for ACF/TiO2 and ACF/ZnO composites.

Titanium dioxide particles are used as cosmetics, pigments, photocatalysts, adsorbents, catalytic supports, and sensors. The TiO2 particles were prepared by the precipitation in TTIP/Solvent mixtures and calcined at different temperatures. The resulting materials were characterized by XRD and SEM testing techniques. The TiO2 particles phase composition was determined by XRD ranging from amorphous to crystalline anatase and rutile largely proportional to the calcination temperature.

We designed new compositions for lead free and low temperature sealing glass frit of ZnO-V2O5-P2O5 system, which can be used for PDP (Plasma Display Panel) or other electronic devices. The ZnO-V2O5-P2O5 system can be used as a sealing material at temperatures even lower than 430˚C. This system, however, showed lower bonding strength with glass substrate compared to commercialized Pb based sealing materials. So, we added TiO2 as a promoter for bonding strength. We examined the effect of TiO2 addition on sealing behaviors of ZnO-V2O5-P2O5 glasses with the data for flow button, wetting angle, temporary & permanent residual stress of glass substrate, EPMA analysis of interface between sealing materials and glass substrate, and bonding strength. As a result, sealing characteristics of ZnO-V2O5-P2O5 system glasses were improved with TiO2 addition, but showed a maximum value at 5 mol% TiO2 addition. The reason for improved bonding characteristics was considered to be the chemical interaction between glass substrate and sealing glass, and structural densification of sealing glass itself.

Expanded graphite (EG) is synthesized by chemical intercalation of natural graphite (NG) and rapid expansion at high temperature, with titanium n-butoxide (TNB) used as titanium source by a sol-gel method to prepare EG-TiO2 composite. The performances of the prepared EG-TiO2 composite are characterized by BET surface area measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). To compare the photocatalytic activities of the EG-TiO2 composite, three kinds of dye solutions, methylene blue (MB), methylene orange (MO) and rhodamine B (RhB), and two kinds of light source, UV light and visible light (VL), are used. Comparing the results, it can be clearly seen that the degradation of all of the dye solutions under irradiation by UV light is much better than that under irradiation by visible light, and the decomposition of MB solution was better than that of both of MO and RhB solution.

The photocatalysts of Fe-ACF/TiO2 compositeswere prepared by the sol-gel method and characterizedby BET, XRD, SEM, and EDX. It showed that the BET surface area was related to adsorption capacity foreach composite. The SEM results showed that ferric compound and titanium dioxide were distributed on thesurfaces of ACF. The XRD results showed that Fe-ACF/TiO2 composite only contained an anatase structurewith a Fe mediated compound. EDX results showed the presence of C, O, and Ti with Fe peaks in Fe-ACF/TiO2 composites. From the photocataytic degradation effect, TiO2 on activated carbon fiber surface modifiedwith Fe (Fe-ACF/TiO2) could work in the photo-Fenton process. It was revealed that the photo-Fenton reactiongives considerable photocatalytic ability for the decomposition of methylene blue (MB) compared to non-treatedACF/TiO2, and the photo-Fenton reaction was improved by the addition of H2O2. It was proved that thedecomposition of MB under UV (365nm) irradiation in the presence of H2O2 predominantly accelerated theoxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ and produced a high concentration of OH. radicals.

아크릴폐수를 광촉매로 전처리하여 막오염인자를 최소화한 후 막조합공정에 적용하였다. 한외여과막과 정밀여과막을 역삼투막과 조합을 이루어 막조합공정을 구성하였으며 광촉매처리수를 온도 및 압력변화에 따라 막조합공정에 적용하여 분리특성을 확인하였다. 정밀여과막 모듈 혹은 한외여과막 모듈의 투과수는 역삼투모듈로 보내지며 역삼투 모듈의 최종적인 투과량은 모듈 set 2 (MWCO 200,000 UF+RO)의 역삼투 모듈이 우수하였다. UF 및 MF 모듈에서 TDS, T-N 및 COD의 제거효율은 온도 및 압력변화에 영향을 받지 않고 제거효율 또한 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 그러한 결과로 RO 모듈에서 TDS, T-N 및 COD가 우수한 제거효율을 보였다. UF 및 MF모듈에서의 탁도 제거효율은 우수한 경향(제거효율 99% 이상)을 보였다. 막조합공정에서 처리된 광촉매처리수는 배출 허용기준치를 충족하고, 재활용이 가능하였다.