본 연구는 영국의 문화융성정책이 내포하고 있는 문화정체성과 세계화를 비판적으로 논의하고자 1990년대 영국에서 발현된 ‘창의산업’ 정책을 탐구하고 있다. 세계화와 정권 교체라는 국내외적 시대 상황과 깊은 관련을 맺고 있는 영국의 문화융성정책은 내적으로는 전통과 현대 문화를 경제와 산업에 동원해 신경제성장 동력으로 발전시키고자 했고, 외부로는 영국이라는 국가에 대한 이미지 쇄신 및 국가 결속력을 높이고자 했다. 특히 영국이 가지고 있는 다문화주의적 문화 정책성은 세계화 시대 상당히 부합하는 정신으로 다민족의 역사를 통합해 이끌고자 했던 당시 정치 상황에서도 관심을 두었던 주제이다. 결국 영국적인 것을 공감하고 만들면서 공유할 수 있도록 문화 정체성을 강조했던 영국정부는 창의산업이라는 문화융성정책을 계획하며 주도적으로 이끌었고, 그 지원 분야도 소설, 시 같은 문학뿐만 아니라 현대 미술, 패션, 영화, 도서, 텔레비전, 스포츠 그리고 대중음악까지 이르렀다. 특히 1990년대 후반에는 ‘쿨 브리타니아’라는 구호를 통해 전통과 현대 문화의 대중화, 상업화 프로젝트를 시행하면서 유니언 잭은 대중에게 이전보다 더욱 개방되었고, 브릿팝에서는 영국의 문화정체성을 보다 강화시키는 많은 사건들이 일어났다. 결국 문화를 통해 경제를 활성화시키겠다는 정책의 논리는 문화를 융성해야 하는 궁극적인 목적과 부합되는 부분도 있지만, 대치되는 지점도 분명히 존재하면서 창의산업 정책은 여러 가지 우려되는 상황을 낫기도 했다. 하지만 글로벌 문화 시장이 더욱 활발하게 교류·확산되는 세계화 시대, 문화융성정책은 문화 정체성을 지켜야 하면서 동시에 정치, 사회, 경제적으로 현명하게 접근하고 활용해야 하는 중요한 대상이 되었다.

This study aims at exploring the theoretical perspectives and research related to second language teacher identities. In particular, this paper focuses on the studies on the identities of English teachers in the Korean educational system. Major findings are as follows: First, based on the previous literature on teacher identities, teacher identities are defined as dynamic, multidimensional, and changing, as they continuously interact with individual, social, and cultural contexts. Second, it was found that studies have focused on (1) the meta-analyses of English teacher identities, (2) native-speaking English teacher identities, (3) the identities of non-native-speaking English teachers co-teaching with native-English-speaking teachers, (4) the identities of non-native-speaking English teachers including pre- and in-service teachers, and (5) teacher identity development through teacher education activities. Lastly, this paper brings up issues and suggestions on the formation and development of English teacher identities. It also offers directions for the future research on professional identities of second language teachers.

한국 역사 속에서 종교들은 대체로 평화롭게 공존하였으나 기독교 유입 이후 기독교와 다른 종교들 간 관계는 점차 갈등관계나 다원주의로의 양극화 또는 무관심이라는 양상을 띠어 왔다. 종교다원주의는 교회의 근간인 성경의 진리됨을 일종의 은유와 신화 또는 성경 저자들의 고백이라 주장하고 그리스도가 예수를 포함한 여러 이름이라는 주장으로 복음을 모호하게 한다. 반면 다른 종교들에 대한 부정적인 태도는 사회적 대립과 갈등으로 확산되기도 하여 왔다. 본고는 종교간 대립과 갈등의 부분에 관심을 두고 이에 주목한다. 현재 인류가 직면한 문제들 중 하나는 인종과 종교 집단, 국적에 따라 나뉘어 곳곳에서 갈등을 넘어 폭력 분쟁이 발생하고 있는 것이다. 세계 속에서 종교대립이 살인과 테러, 전쟁으로까지 표출되고 있는 것에 비하여 정도에 있어 차이를 보이긴 하지만, 한국에도 종교적 갈등과 반목으로 인한 사회적 갈등이 존재하고 있는 것이 사실이다. 것에 비하여 정도에 있어 차이를 보이긴 하지만, 한국에도 종교적 갈등과 반목으로 인한 사회적 갈등이 존재하고 있는 것이 사실이다. 한국의 교회는 배타적 또는 대립적 태도로 인하여 발생하는 오늘날의 사회적 문제들을 직시하고, 이를 해결하기 위한 노력을 기울일 것이 요구된다. 이에 따라 본고는 종교간 관계의 문제와 요인들을 분석하고 선교적 교회의 본질에 입각하여 종교관계를 위한 교회의 역할을 고찰한다. 더불어 종교신학적 입장에서 정체성의 신학을 제시하며 이를 중심으로 종교관계의 나아갈 바를 보인다. 이를 위하여 십자가의 배타성 뿐 아니라, 전 인류를 구원하고자 하는 하나님의 사랑을 내포하고 있는 십자가의 포용성을 강조하며, 교회가 세상으로 보냄을 받은 사도적 사명을 받은 존재임에 주목한다. 보냄을 받은 공동체인 교회는 사회로 나아가 문화와 종교와 소통하고 관계하며 예수 그리스도의 몸으로서 그리스도의 정신을 좆아 대립과 폭력이 아닌 치유와 평화의 사도로서의 역할을 해야 함을 강조한다. 이는 교회의 통전적 제자화와 증인됨을 말하며, 또한 교회 내에만 국한되는 것이 아닌 세상과의 소통과 치유가 있는, 세상이 있는 제자화와 증인됨이다. 본고는 교회가 종교다원주의를 지양하고, 정체성의 신학을 통하여 종교관계에 있어 자신의 헌신을 분명히 함으로써 진정하고 의미 있는 대화와 관계를 이룰 것을 촉구한다. 세상에 있으나 세상에 속하여 있는 것이 아닌 정체성은 십자가가 드러낸 자신을 내어줌이며 이는 우리 자신을 다른 사람들에게 내어 주고 그들을 받아들이는, 타자를 위한 그리고 타자와 함께 하는 정체성이다. 더불어 교회가 자기부인, 약함과 겸손, 사랑에 근거한 성육신적 열림, 사회참여 및 협력을 통하여 세상에서의 하나님의 사역에 동참할 것을 강조한다. 교회는 세상과 많은 접촉점, 만남의 자리, 공통점을 지니지만 영적인 타협은 없어야 하며, 종교적 이상과 대치되는 부분들에 관하여 그 다름을 지적할 수 있어야 함을 주지한다.

Female gamers are generally increasing all over the world. Accordingly, e-sports field also intensively focuses on female gamers. This paper focuses on the process of identity formation of female gamers shown in Korean e-sports leagues especially on online games. Online game is delivered to the public by e-sports broadcasting. E-sports broadcasting is spoken of a one-way speech, which only has the voice of male castor. This paper classified the way of speaking of female gamers into two types. One is broadcasting method and the other is broadcasting language. Then this paper compared the discourses shown in them to the cases of male gamers. In the case of male gamers, inherent elements of the game primarily took the major part of the discourse. However, in the case of female gamers, socially acceptable speech about women primarily took the major part of the discourse. As the result, in e-sports online broadcasting, the male gamers are viewed in terms of ‘player’ while female gamers are viewed in terms of ‘person’. Considering online games as having alternative values and possibilities as new media, the aspect of distortion or alienation of women in game culture is obviously problematic.

Purpose and Rational: Social media is an emerging platform for many retail communication channels accommodating various consumers’ needs and wants. There are many research exploring impact of social media on business practice and behavioral outcomes, however, there is only few research focusing on which factors affect the psychological and social variables on actual usage of social media for shopping. This study focuses on the role of consumer perception on flow of social media usage and the moderating effect of consumer’s social variables (i.e. social identity, group norm and social influence) on actual usage of social media information for shopping. The purposes of this study are as follow: 1) To examine empirical effects of flow of social media usage on perceived ease of use social media for shopping, perceived usefulness of social media information and actual usage of social media information for shopping. 2) To explore the perceived ease of use social media information for shopping and perceived usefulness of social media information affect actual usage of social media for shopping. 3) To investigate moderating effect of social variables between the links. Methodology: This research utilized an online self-administered survey to collect data. Two thousand e-mail invitations were distributed to a randomly selected sample from national panel and in order to address the hypotheses stated a dataset of 342 social media users was compiled. The instrument was designed to obtain comprehensive quantitative data and was an adaptation of questionnaire instruments validated in previous studies. For statistical analysis, the structural equation model was used. The results indicated that flow of social media usage influences on perceived ease of use social media information for shopping, perceived usefulness of social media information and actual usage of social media for shopping. Also consumers’ perceived ease of use on social media for shopping and perceived usefulness of social media information effect on actual usage of social media for shopping. Lastly, the social identity and social influence played as moderator variables between the links at actual usage of social media for shopping in all passages except group norm. The results empirically contribute to verify through quantitative research methods in relation to the role of flow of social media usage and the moderating effect of consumer’s social variables (i.e. social identity and social influence) on actual usage of social media for shopping.

Entrepreneurship and marketing are two disciplines whose paths have intersected frequently, because the underlying orientation of each relates to markets and customer needs (Hills and LaForge, 1992). The most common argument surrounding this relationship has been that entrepreneurs do not follow the mainstream approach taken by large corporations when performing marketing functions. Consequently, many researchers have attempted to better understand how marketing is performed differently by entrepreneurs. Interestingly, however, extant research has tended to overlook the sui generis relationship between the entrepreneur and his firm, and the impact that such relationship potentially has on both the entrepreneur and his firm/brand.The missing link in entrepreneurial branding, we believe, lies in further understanding the dynamic that exists between the entrepreneur’s roles and his firm’s growth. Our thesis is that the entrepreneur assumes different roles in order to develop and grow his firm/brand and a newly created social structure, and eventually matures into a sense of belonging and commitment to his firm/brand that potentially attracts and retains all the other stakeholders associated with the firm/brand. This may be regarded as an identity construction process which is triggered by the entrepreneur and permeates into his firm/brand. In their cross-disciplinary exploration of entrepreneurship research, Ireland and Webb (2007) identified identity construction as one of the three broad concepts around which multilevel entrepreneurship theory can develop.Qualitative data were collected through a total of 25 in-depth semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs from the U.K., Guatemala and Colombia. Informed Grounded Theory by Thornberg (2012) was used as a data analysis approach, permitting an empirical understanding of entrepreneurial branding illuminated by extant literature on branding, entrepreneurship and identity. Data analysis revealed that entrepreneurs whose businesses are growing are involved in a variety of actions that compel them to embrace three different roles. The first role, identified as the Entrepreneur Strategist, encompasses the triggering elements through which the entrepreneur creates the foundations and key purposes of his firm. The second role, identified as the Entrepreneur Sense-giver, captures the actions that the entrepreneur undertakes to embed his central beliefs, values and personal assumptions through his daily experiences with his employees in the firm. The third role, identified as the Entrepreneur Developer, captures the various actions that the entrepreneur embraces to permeate his firm’s and brand’s essence to the outside world, including the customers. Our study also supports the notion that the identity of an entrepreneur is a co-creation of an individual identity and a social identity. Our argument implicitly bridges the two traditionally disconnected perspectives of Identity Theory and Social Identity Theory through the entrepreneurship process. More specifically, the three roles that entrepreneurs potentially need to embrace in order to grow their firm/brand in the market are embedded within a dynamic process in which the entrepreneur’s personal identity is co-created alongside his firm’s and brand’s social identity. A successful entrepreneur of each entrepreneurial firm should eventually permeate the entrepreneurial brand essence, a distinct blend of his personal identity and his firm’s and brand’s social identity, into the world.

Employing a 2 (Source disclosure: Health agency vs. Co-created) x 2 (Co-creator identity: General vs. Specific) between-subjects fractional factorial design, this research explores how the disclosure of consumer involvement in developing public health messages can increase advertising effectiveness. This effect is enhanced by revealing the co-creator’s identity and experience with the health issue.

This research examines the influence of network position, identity construction and role playing within business to business (B2B) interactions processes. The framework used as the basis for considering interaction processes developed from the AAR model (Håkansson & Snehota, 1995) and includes: accessing resources; developing actor bonds and conducting activities. There has been little research conducted into network position (Abrahamsen et al., 2012; Schepis et al., 2014); identity construction (Huemer, 2013; Schepis et al., 2014) and role playing (Abrahamsen et al., 2012; Lowe et al., 2012). This research develops a framework for incorporating all three concepts into the interaction process, rather than investigating them individually or paired, commonly undertaken in previous research. The research is conducted within an interpretive paradigm with 20 interviews conducted within the junior mining industry in Western Australia. Interviews were analysed using Leximancer™ and a comparison of the perceptions from companies playing different roles within the network examined. Results highlight that network position is influenced through accessing resources and developing actor bonds; identity construction occurs through developing actor bonds and conducting activities and role playing occurs when conducting activities and accessing resources. A theoretical framework highlights each of the above concepts within the framework of interaction processes. The value of this paper is that the each of these concepts is influenced through different aspects of the interaction process. Thus, highlighting which aspects of the interactions processes managers can adapt to improve their network position, identity construction and role perceptions.

Motivated by an illustrative case study which assesses the strength of the New Zealand wine brand, we develop a framework that provides a contemporary perspective on Country of Origin (COO) branding. The New Zealand wine industry’s COO branding was initially built around the country image of “green” production with the logo “riches of a clean green land”. This has been superseded by a branding strategy that focuses on developing the collective meaning of the COO brand with the logo “pure discovery”. A collective approach to branding involves broader considerations, where the brand is used to facilitate processes that co-create experience and meaning that reflects collective interest. This entails the alignment of a complex set of industry relationships where value is co-created within a network of stakeholders that contribute to the heritage of New Zealand Wine and its quality positioning as the country-of-origin. Our contribution comes from a wider conceptual understanding of COO to show that “COO matters” when a shared identity and image are integrated to form a collective meaning which co-creates value to fulfil the expectations of a brand’s promises of innovation, authenticity and quality.

Ganoderma lucidum has a long history for traditional medicine in Asian countries. However, taxonomy of Ganoderma species remains controversial, since it was initially classified on the basis of morphological characteristics. Recently, Ganoderma sichuanense was proposed as a re-proposed name for Ganoderma lucidum in China. Likewise, all of the Korean G. lucidum were clustered into 1 group together with G. sichuanense from China, when a phylogenetic analysis was undertaken based on the ITS rDNA sequences of the Ganoderma species. Furthermore, G. lucidum from Europe and North America were clustered into different group. Based on these results, re-consideration of naming Korean cultivated G. lucidum is needed.

본 연구는 경상북도 성주군에 위치한 한개마을의 장소정체성을 시작품을 통하여 해석하고자 하였다. 연구를 위해 이곳 출신인 한주 이진상의 시작품을 선정하여 살펴 보았으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, <산거시경> 시에 나타나는 장소정체성은 전설이 있는 산의 정기(영축산), 가거지로서의 한개마을(대포촌), 조상의 숭모와 자부심(삼봉), 성리학적 깨달음의 구현처(이수), 세속적인 번뇌의 정화공간(산암효경), 성리학과 주역의 수기공간(북창청풍), '심즉리'의 도에 대한 깨침공간(동영제월), 자연으로부터 성리학적 도의 깨침공간(옥후하조), 자연에서 정신적인 '흥'의 깨침공간(계변산보) 등으로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 한주는 <산거사경>의 시를 통하여 '한개마을'에 대한 자부심과 지역경관에 대한 가치를 시로 표현한다는 점을 발견할 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라 성리학적 궁구의 길, 도를 깨치는 희열과 자연을 통하여 터득한 도의 인식을 노래함으로서 한개마을이 갖는 전통마을로서 또는 동족마을로서의 가치와 위상을 성리학적인 도의 실현이라는 인식공간으로 확장하였다는 발전된 모습을 볼 수 있었다. 셋째, 한개마을 공간분석 결과 영축산에서 시작하여 안산으로 이어지는 공간적 영역을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이러한 공간체계는 한개마을을 둘러싸는 풍수지리적인 영역을 보여준다. 그러나 보다 중심적인 영역은 한주정사를 중심으로 사유가 전개된다는 점에 있다. 개인의 주택이 우주의 중심이 되며 세계의 중심이 된다는 점에서 볼 때 한주정사의 역할이 그러한 역할을 하고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 한개마을과 그 속의 한주정사는 가거지로서의 생활공간이면서 동시에 한주의 '심즉리' 사상이 꽃피웠던 사유의 실존공간이었다는 점에서 특이한 점이 있다. 이를 통하여 볼 때 전통마을 '한개'는 그 속에 내재된 가거지로서의 우수성과 함께 성리학적 사유의 공간이라는 장소정체성을 중첩해서 가지고 있다는 점에서 그 가치를 재평가해야 할 것이다.

Architecture is a product of numerous influences, as shown in the apprenticeships of Kim, Jung-Up and Kim, Swoo-Geun with Le Corbusier’s influences. Therefore, its identity is need to be re-defined based on such complex relationships. The rhetorical images of ‘the Map of Misreading’, as the core of the poetic identification proposed by Harold Bloom’s ‘the Theory of Influence’, provide an efficient way of explaining the relations between architectural apprenticeships and identities. This research is to re-build a new methodology of architectural criticism based on it. The diachronic transformations of the architecture of Seung, Hyo-Sang also had very characteristic ‘revisionary ratios’ about his precursor Kim, Swoo-Geun. As an antithetic stance of his precursor’s final phase, his early days works pursued continuously geometric abstraction and objective images of the architecture of Adolf Loos. However, his recent works are showing the obvious symptoms of regression to his origins. Finally, the architectural identity should be re-conceptualized as a complexity, based on inter-textuality from complex influences. This new architectural identity can be reflected into the modern obsessive identity.

This research used an experimental design in an effort to assess the influence of brand gender and salespeople on the attitudes toward brands according to the males' gender identity traits. The study used a three-way split-plot experimental design, and data were analyzed by t-tests, and ANOVA. The subject of this research was men in their 20s and 30s, and a total of 178 people were selected through convenience- sampling. The findings are as follows: first, masculine male consumers preferred masculinity fashion brands; however, androgynous consumers preferred brands that reflect androgyny. Second, there were no differences in brand attitude according to the gender of the salesperson for the masculinity group, but the androgynous group estimated the brands as better when the salesperson was female. Third, there were no differences in the brand attitudes among consumers according to gender of the salesperson for the Galaxy; however, for Solid Homme, brand preference was stronger when the salesperson was a woman. Fourth, the influence of brand gender and salesperson gender on brand attitudes differed according to the gender of the consumer. Therefore, apparel companies must clearly understand the characteristics of consumer gender identity and execute proper marketing strategies in order to induce stronger positive attitudes toward their brands. Moreover, apparel companies should perceive that brand gender and the gender of the salesperson can consequently encourage brand preferences.

이 연구는 부산지역 대학생들의 롯데 자이언츠 프로야구 관람의도 결정요인을 규명하고자 했다. 구체적으로 선행연구에 근거하여 구조적 환경 변인으로서 지역정체성 , 프로야구 중계방송 시청빈도 , 그리고 팀(롯데 자이언츠) 동일시 , 스폰서 그룹에 대한 태도 변인, 인간의 사회문화적 행위예측에 유용성을 보이는 계획행동이론 변인을 통해 프로야구 관람의도 결정요인을 포괄적으로 규명하고자 했다. 연구결과 첫째, 지역 정체성 변인을 구성하는 인지적 통합도와 적극적 관여도는 모 두 프로야구 관람의도에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 프로야구 중계방송 시청정도 역 시 프로야구 관람의도에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 롯데 자이언츠 팀 동일시의 경 우 행동적 동일시만 프로야구 관람의도에 정적인 영향을 미쳤다 . 넷째, 롯데 자이언츠 스폰서 그룹에 대한 태도는 프로야구 관람의도에 기여하지 못했다. 다섯째, 계획행동 이론 변인 중 태도와 주관적 규범은 프로야구 관람의도에 정적인 영향을 미쳤으나 , 인 지된 행위통제의 설명력은 도출되지 않았다.

The little sized ant species, Vollenhovia emeryi Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Myrmicinae) is the only species belonging to genus Vollenhovia in South Korea, and it is endemic in East Asia encompassing Korea, Japan, China, Taiwan and has recently invaded into North America. In this species, the queen caste shows polymorphism in its wing form, the queen with normal wings called the long-winged (L) queen and short-winged (S) queen with aberrant small wings, and the two morphs are thought not to coexist in nature, however the morphology of workers and males of the two wing morphs are indistinguishable. We obtained a L gyne from a S colony that had been maintained in the laboratory. In addition, we compared the genome size of entire castes of the two wing morphs using flowcytometry. Our results confirm that the two wing morphs are obviously the same species, and moreover, the wing morph may be determinated by the epigenetical process.

This study investigates how two teachers’ identities are negotiated in a situated educational context and how this affects the formation of student identities in an English mediated instruction (EMI) course. Since learning is defined as negotiation of identity there has been increasing research on teacher identity as pedagogy because the teacher’s identity is a major factor in managing the negotiation with students. This study looks at how the teachers’ cultural, socio-political, and educational philosophical identities are negotiated in the locally situated classroom and how these identities influence Korean university students in the formation of their identities. The results of the study comprise two sections. The teachers’ identity is discursively constructed in local socio-cultural discourse practice, and the teacher identity works as pedagogy. The other result shows that the teachers’ various identities serve as role models for students in their negotiations as they take up, resist, and shift between different identities. This study also suggests some implications for the use of the teacher education regarding identity.

우리나라는 이미 지난 2006년 다문화 사회를 선포하고 여러 가지 다문화 정책을 추진해 오고 있다. 다문화 사회는 인적 구성의 다양성만을 의미하는 것이 아닌 문화적 다양성을 존중하는 사회로, 다문화 사회에서 다양한 국적과 문화적 배경을 가진 사람들이 조화롭게 공존하기 위해서는 먼저 우리 사회의 주류인 일반 국민이 자기 자신과 자국 문화에 대한 확고한 정체감을 갖고 서로 다른 문화를 인정하고 타인에 대한 편견 없는 이해와 존중의 마음을 가져야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 <다문화 어울림교육 프로그램>을 통해 학생들에게 나+한국인+세계인의 올바른 문화정체성을 기르는데 목적으로 실시되었다. 자기탐색 프로그램 실시 후 학습자들의 올바른 자아정체성이 형성되었으며 긍정적인 자아존중감이 증진되었다. 또 우리문화 알기 프로그램을 통해 우리문화 정체성과 자긍심이 형성되었으며 다문화 알기 프로그램을 통해 인종․국적에 상관없이 모든 사람을 존중해야 하는 인권존중 의식과 다양한 문화를 인정하고 존중하는 올바른 다문화 정체성이 형성되었다.

This article aims to explore the interactive roles of types of primed identity (local versus global identity) and types of ad framing on brand evaluations. The authors designed 2 experiments in which each experiment followed a 2×2 between-subject design. The empirical results showed that a gain-framed ad induced more positive emotional responses than a loss-framed ad, and the positive affective responses lead to more favorable brand evaluation. Furthermore, the results showed that there were interactive effects of primed identity and types of advertisement frame on brand evaluation. In the additional analysis, the results showed that when people with local identity were exposed to the gain-framed ad, they would engage in a higher level of integration processing than those in the control group, which in turn induced more favorable evaluation to the local brand. That is, the integration processing mode played a mediating role between the interaction (local id priming × ad frame) and the local brand evaluation. However, in the case of global brand evaluation, the integration processing mode did not play such a mediating role.

Academic identity of graduate students is of considerable importance in their lives in graduate school and the process in which they became academics. In this study, we aimed to examine how education graduate students in South Korea construct their academic identities. In pursuing this purpose, we included maste.r students as well as doctoral students. In addition to this, we focused on the academic identity of part-time students, in this case mostly teachers. Semi-structured interviews with nine graduate students in a university were used to understand their experiences. Analysis procedure included open coding, axial coding and selective coding of transcriptions. The results indicated that the criterion to distinguish undergraduate, master's, and doctoral experiences was the degree of autonomy in academic work. There were also significant differences between doing a master's and a doctoral degree, including the relationship with the advisor and students ' perception of academic work. In addition, this study found that part-timers experienced floating identities, and explored factors that influenced their identity formation. The result of this study is expected to contribute to improving formal and informal educational practices in graduate schools of education in South Korea and facilitate intercultural conversation on graduate education.